UmivUMMi^^  ^M'  mimm&M. 


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KwawaggsBaasgags.  •_ 


SITY  OF  CALIFORNl 
LOS  ANGELES 


Addr 


^Northwestern  School  Supply  Company 

I4th  Jive,  and  Fourth  St.  S.  E.,  Dept.  Jt. 
(Branch  at  706  Hennepin  Mve.)         Minneapolis,    Minn. 

When  in  the  city  do  not  fail  to  make  us  a  call. 


DICTIONARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY 
^^  MINNESOTA 


By 
E.  B.JOHNSON,  '88, 

Formerly  Registrar,   now 
Secretary  of  the  General  Alumni  Association 


First  Edition 
January,  1908 


Minneapolis 


Copyrighted,  1908. 


G^ 


FOREWORD. 

This  dictionary,  so  far  as  we  know,  is  the  hrst  of  its  liind.  It 
is  hoped  that  it  may  ser\-e  a  useful  purpose  ajid  tliat  the  demand 
lor  it  may  justify  other  editions  which  will  be  brought  up  to  date 
and  which  will  contain  much  material  which  it  was  impossible  lO 
get  into   this   edition. 

The  dictionary  has  been  compiled  from  material  gathered  from 
numerous  sources,  naturally  a  large  p%rt  of  it  being  from  Uni- 
versity publications,  official  and  otherwise.  Great  care  has  been 
taken  to  verify  every  item.  Doubtless,  inaccuracies  have  crept  in, 
due  to  errors  in  the  sources  from  which  the  information  was  drawn. 
It  will  also  be  found  that  many  items  which  might  well  have  been 
included,  have  been  passed  over,  some  through  inadvertance,  others 
tlirough  inability  to  determine  the  facts  in  the  case. 

Persons — ^We  have  endeavored  to  state  the  facts  of  the  official 
connection  of  every  person  connected  with  the  University  fac- 
ulty, holding  a  rank  of  instructor,  or  higher  rank.  We  have  also 
made  an  effort  to  state  the  main  facts  concerning  all  persons  now 
connected  with  the  University.  A  second  call  was  made  upon 
many  persons,  however,  without  securing  the  desired  information. 

Suggestions  for  the  improvement  of  future  editions  will  be 
thankfully  received  by  the  author,  who  will  also  welcome  any  cor- 
rections to  the  present  edition. 

Grateful  acknowledgement  is  hereby  made  '.o  Messrs.  D.  W. 
Sprague,  J.  D.  Bren  and  E.  B.  Pierce,  for  courtesies  extended  and 
valuable  aid  given  in  the  preparation  of  this  volume. 

This   book   is   published  by  the   author   in    the    interests   of   the 
General  Alumni  Association   of   the   University   of   Minnesota,    and 
all  profits  from  its  sale  will  go  into  the  general  fund  of  that  asso- 
ciation. 
January  20th,  1908.  THE  AUTHOR. 


85368G 


John  S.  Pillsbury 
'Father  of  the  University." 


HISTORICAL. 

The  history  of  the  University  divides  itself  naturally  into  two 
oarts  the  first  being  in  a  sense  pre-historic-a  history  .of  the 
struggles,  discouragements  and  disaster  before  any  real  umversity 
work  wa^  undertaken.  Indeed  the  whole  period  Irom  1851  to  the 
late  of  the  re-organization  in  1868  might  be  wholly  eliminated 
from  consideration,  were  it  not  for  the  fact  that  the  forces  set  in 
motion,  during  that  period,  have  had  their  influence  upon  the 
University  a,s  it  finally  took  shape  and  developed  into  the  great 
and  useful   institution  it  is  to-day. 

The  history  of  the  period  from  1851  to  1868  is  given  with  some 
particularity  because  it  was  completed  many  years  ago  and  can 
be  definitely  treated  as  something  finished.  The  history  of  the 
later  period  is  given  in  outline,  in  very  condensed  form. 
A  Chapter  of  Beginnings. 
It  is  one  of  the  things,  which  we,  the  citizens  of  Minnesota, 
count  among  our  choicest  blessings,  and  for  which  we  are  most 
profoundlv  grateful,  that  the  early  settlers  of  the  Territory  which 
afterward  became  the  State  of  Minnesota,  came  from  that  part  of 
New  England  where  a  good  education  is  considered  second  only  to 
the  fear  of  God  and  an  honest  name.  This  explains  the  fact  that 
in  1851,  when  the  whole  territory  contained  less  than  10,000  inhabi- 
tants, 'its  citizens  were  already  making  provision  for  a  future 
university  which  should  give  to  every  young  person  within  its 
borders  the  best  education  to  be  had  anywhere.  While  other 
territories  of  the  West  were  given  up  to  more  or  less  lawlessness, 
our  own  wag  law-abiding.  Up  to  1856  there  had  never  been  a 
saloon  in  St.  Anthony,  although  at  that  time  it  stood  third  in  rank 
among  the  cities  of  the  territory. 

To  Colonel  John  W.  North,  more  tJhan  any  other  one  man, 
belongs  the  credit  of  starting  the  movement  which  resulted  in  the 
establishment  of  the  University.  He  it  was  that  framed  the  act 
which  was  adopted  by  the  Legislature  February  13th,  1851,  as  the 
charter  of  the  University. 

Governor  Ramney,  in  his  message  to  the  Legislature  of  1851, 
called  attention  to  the  necessity  of  an  endowment  for  a  univer- 
sity, and  recommended  that  the  Legislature  memorialize  Congress 
for  an  endowment  of  100,000  acres  of  land.  This  memorial  was 
passed  on  the  10th  of  Februar>^  and  on  the  19th  of  the  same  month 
Congress  passed  an  act  granting  two  townships  (about  46,000 
acres)  "for  the  use  and  support  of  a  university  in  said  territory, 
and  for  no  other  use  and  purpose  whatever."  The  charter  of  the 
University,  previously  adopted,  provided  that  the  Universifiy 
should  be  located  "at  or  near  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony,"  and  that 
this  grant  should  be  and  remain  a  perpetual  fund,  and  that  the 
Interest  alone  should  be  appropriated  for  the  support  of  the  Uni- 
versity. ,         -r        •   1    4. 

On  the  4th  of  March,  of  the  same  year,  the  Legislature  in 
joint  ses.=inn.   elected   a  board  of  twelve  regents. 

This  board  met  May  31st,  at  the  St.  Charles  Hotel,  in  the  village 
of  St.  Anthony.  ,    ^^   ^    ^u 

On  motion  of  William  R.  Marshall  it  was  resolved  that  the 
board  deem  it  expedient  to  proceed  at  once  to  the  erection  of  a 
building,    and    that    a    subscription    paper    be    circulated    to    secure 


jQ  DICTIONARY   OF   THE 

the  necessary  funds  for  this  purpose.  Of  the  $2,500  needed  for 
thia  purpose.  Franklin  Steel  gave  $'J00  and  the  remainder  was 
made    up    in   smaller   subscriptions. 

The  Doard  met  again  on  the  14th  of  June  ajid  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  take  steps  toward  the  immediate  location  of  the 
lands  of  the  congressional  grant  of   two  townships. 

Offers   of   land  were   received   as   follows: 

W.  A.  Cheever,  Esq.,  offered  five  blocks  of  ten  lots  each  (twelve 
and  one-half  acres)   for  such  purpose. 

J.    McAlpine,    Esq.,    offered   twenty   acres   near   the   village. 

Messrs.  W.  S.  Farnham,  C.  T.  Stinson,  R.  Cunmiings  and  H.  H. 
Angell    offered   sixteen   acres    near   town. 

After  a  careful  survey  of  the  various  locations  offered,  upon 
motion  of  William  R.  Marshall,  it  was  resolved,  to  accept  the 
offer  of  Franklin  Steele,  Esq.,  '  Deing  a  part  of  the  green  set  apart 
for  public  purposes,  together  with  six  lots  in  the  rear."  This  was 
about  four  acres  of  land,  and  was  located  between  what  is  now 
known  as  Central  avenue  and  First  avenue  South  Eaist,  and  Sec- 
ond street  and   University  avenue. 

It  was  also  decided  to  begin  the  erection  of  a  building  at  once, 
the  maximum  cost  of  which  was  to  be  $2,500  and  the  secretary 
was  instructed  to  advertise  for  competitive  plains  for  the  building. 
The  Old   "Academy   Building." 

William  R.  Marshall  and  Isaac  Atwater  who  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  solicit  subscriptions  for  the  money  necessary  to 
build,  were  successful  in  raising  the  desired  amount.  Before  the 
building  was  finished,   a  second  subscription  -was  necessary. 

The  building  was  of  two  stories  with  a  high  basement,  and  was 
thirty  by  fifty  feet  on  the  ground.  The  basement  was  built  up 
with  stone  five  or  six  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ground,  and 
was  reached  by  going  down  two  or  three  steps.  Above  the  base- 
ment was  the  frame  part.  For  years  this  building  served  as  the 
abode  for  the  '"Preparatory  Department  of  the  University  of 
Minnesota." 

At  the  time  of  the  puchase  of  the  new  site,  October,  1854,  this 
building  was  purchased  of  the  regents  by  Franklin  Steele,  he  pay- 
ing them  the  full  amount  of  its  cost,  by  assuming  the  amount  of 
the  indebtedness  of  the  University  to  Paul  R.  George,  incurred  by 
the  purchase  of  the  new  site. 

The  building  and  land  passed  from  under  the  control  of  the 
regents.  May  26th,  1856.  From  the  time  it  passed  out  of  the 
regents'  hands,  until  it  was  burned,  in  November,  1864,  it  was 
used  for  private  and  public  school  purposes.  Professor  D.  S.  B. 
Johnston,  now  a  St.  Paul  millionaire,  kept  a  private  school  in  it 
for  one  year,  after  him  cajne  a  Mr.  Taylor  and  others.  It  was 
finally  rented  by  the  school  board  of  St.  Anthony,  who  fitted  it 
up  and  carried  on  an   excellent  school   until   it   was   burneid. 

In  those  early  days  the  First  Congregational  Church  folks  used 
to  hold  services  regularly  in  this  building. 

This  school,  as  long  as  it  was  under  the  control  of  the  Regents, 
was  taught  by  Mr.   E.  W.   Merrill. 

School  was  opened  for  the  first  time  November  26th,  1851,  with 
an  enrollment  of  about  twenty.  At  this  time  only  two  rooms 
were  in  shape  to  be  occupied,  and  these  two  were  not  entirely 
finished.  Before  the  end  of  the  year  forty  had  been  enrolled. 
During  the  second  year  about  eighty-five  were  in  attendance  artd 
Professor    Merrill    had    three    assistants. 

The  following  summer  the  school  was  discontinued,  the  regents 
hoping  to  be  atole   soon  to  open   another  school  under  more   favor- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  II 

able  conditions,  in  the  new  building  which  it  was  proposed  to 
erect  But  their  hopes  were  destined  not  to  be  realized;  and  ror 
eleven  years  there  was  only  one.  and  that  a  feeble  and  unsuccess- 
ful attempt  to  re-establish  a  school. 

During  the  whole  existence  of  this  school,  it  was  no  expense 
to  the  state.  Private  individuals  paid  for  the  building  and  fur- 
nished all  the  apparatus  that  was  used.  All  the  books  in  its 
horary,  which  was  not  very  extensive,  were  contributed.  Mr. 
Merrill  who  taught  this  school,  came  here  through;  a  misunder- 
standing. He  understood  that  he  wa3  to  be  paid  by  the  board, 
while  in  reality  he  only  received  what  he  had  left  out  of  what  he 
had  received  from  tuition,  after  paying  all  the  expenses  of  the 
school  It  was  a  genuine  missionary  effort  on  his  part,  and  too 
much  credit  cannot  be  given  him  for  his  successful  prosecution 
of  the  work  of  the  school.  ^ 

It  is  very  evident  from  the  notices  which  appeared  in  the  St. 
Anthony  Express"  concerning  tnis  school  that  it  was  held  in 
h.gh  estimation  by  the  people  of  the  Territory.  It  was  a  mis- 
take on  the  part  of  the  regents  that  they  did  not  continue  this 
school  for  several  years  longer,  even  though  a  new  site  was 
chosen.  Its  great  growth  and  popularity  and  the  good  work  that 
it  was  doing  was  warrant  enough  for  its  continuance,  at  least  so 
it  would  seem  to  us  now. 

The  New  Site. 
Scarcely  a  year  had  passed  after  the  first  site  was  selected, 
•before  the  agitation  concerning  the  selection  of  a  new  site  was 
begun.  St.  Anthony  and  the  territory  at  large  were  growing  so 
fast  that  the  regents  saw  that  the  time  would  soon  come  when 
the  University  would  need  more  land.  In  the  early  days,  when 
■tthe  territorial  institutions  were  located,  the  prison  went  to  Still- 
water; the  Capitol  to  St.  Paul,  and  the  University  to  St.  Anthony. 
There  is  an  interesting  story  in  connection  with  this  location 
which,  unfortunately  is  refuted  by  Colonel  North— the  story  is  to 
the  effect  that  it  was  the  result  of  a  compromise  in  the  location 
of  the  State  Public  Institution.  Since  that  time  the  territory  had 
grown  so  rapidly  that  the  people  from  other  parts  were  clamoring 
for  a  re-distribution.  St.  Anthony  was  then  in  danger  of  losing 
the   University. 

Both  of  these  considerations,  viz:  the  rapid  growth  of  popula- 
tion and  the  agitation  concerning  removal,  had  their  influence  in 
causing  the  regents  to  purchase  the  new  site.  They  wished  to 
secure  the  location  of  the  University  permanently  in  St.  Anthony. 
Another  consideration  wnich  had  its  influence  in  hastening  the 
purchase  of  the  present  site  was  the  fact  that  the  property  in 
St.  Anthony  and  vicinity  was  rapidly  rising  in  value,  and  if  a  site 
was  to  be  secured  at  a  reasonable  price,  it  must  be  done  immedi- 
ately. 

The  purchase  of  twenty-five  and  one-third  acres  of  the  pres- 
ent site,  was  finally  consummated,  October  21st,  1854.  This  land 
was  purchased  of  Paul  R.  George  and  Joshua  Taylor. 

For  this  piece  of  land,  which  is  now  worth — at  a  conservative 
estimate — $350,000,  the  regents  paid  only  $6,000.  Of  this  amount, 
$1,000  was  paid  in  cash,  and  the  regents  gave  their  note  for  the 
remainder. 

Up  to  the  time  of  the  purchase  of  this  land,  the  income  of  the 
University  had  been  nothing.  The  $1,000  in  cash,  paid  for  the 
site  v/as  borrowed  money.  The  legislature  of  1856  (February  21st) 
passed  an  act  authorizing  the  regents  to  borrow  $15,000  secured 
on  the  site  already  purchased.  This  was  ample  security,  so 
cheaply   had   the    site   been   purchased   in    the   first   place,    and    so 


J  2  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

rapialy  had  it  increased  in  value.  The  regents  were  instructed 
to  pay  for  the  site  already  purchased  and  erect  a  new  building 
with   this   money. 

The  New  Building. 
With  the  erection  of  the  new  building,  began  the  trouble,  which, 
before  it  was  finally  settled,  cost  the  University  $125,000.  One 
who  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  regents  at  that  time,  after- 
ward said:  "That  was  our  first  mistake.  But  we  had  to  build  as 
we  did,  lor  public  opinion  demanded  it."  In  justice  to  the  regents 
it  must  be  remembered  that  this  was  in  the  time  of  the  great 
prosperity,  just  preceding  the  terrible  nnancial  panic  of  1857-'58. 
The  regents,  remembering  now  soon  they  had  outgrown  their 
former  quarters,  resolved  to  build  such  a  building  as  would  be 
sufficient  for  many  years  to  come. 

And  so  far  as  human  wisdom  could  foresee  they  were  abund- 
antly justified  in  their  judgment.  And  w^ho  could  possibly  fore- 
see the  rude  awakening  from  the  dreams  of  prosperity  which  tne 
hard  times   of   the   next  year  would   surely  bring  about. 

Then  came  the  deluge.  The  notes  for  stumpage  were  tto  be 
paid  when  the  logs  were  floated  to  market  and  sold.  Most  of  the 
University  stumpage  had  been  sold  along  the  Rum  river.  In  1857 
the  Rum  river  dried  up  and  so  no  money  could  be  realized  from 
stumpage,    for   a   time   at   least. 

The  campus,  on  account  of  the  hard  times,  did  not  increase 
in  value  as  it  had  been  expected  that  -it  would,  and  so  no  money 
could  be  realized  by  incumbering  it.  Interest  began  to  count  up, 
and  the  regents  could  not  raise  the  money  to  meet  even  the  inter- 
est on  their  debts. 

The  legislature  of  1858  (March  8th)  came  to  the  rescue  with 
an  act  authorizing  the  regents  to  issue  $40,000  in  bonds,  secured 
by  certain  lands  (.21,000  acres  in  the  counties  of  Pine,  Mille  Lacs 
and    Sherburne)    of   the   congressional   grant. 

Under  ordinary  circumstances  this  would  have  been  amply 
sufficient.  But  the  times  were  so  hard  and  money  so  scarce,  and 
it  was  such  a  difficult  matter  to  negotiate  the  bonds  at  all,  that 
it  was   lamentably  insufficient. 

Such  was  the  predicament  in  which  the  regents  found  them- 
selves   when    they    made    their    report    to    the    legislature    in    1860. 

These  men  were  not  careless  of  the  interests  of  the  state,  nor 
were  they  indifferent  as  to  their  own  responsibility  in  the  matter. 
This  board  was  made  up  of  men  whose  integrity  and  patriotism 
cannot  be  doubted.  They  had  among  their  number  as  careful  busi- 
ness men  as  could  be  found  anywhere. 

That  they  were  not  careless  and  indifferent  is  evidenced  by 
the  fact  that  they  gave  liberally  of  their  own  time  and  money  to 
the  service  of  the  University.  It  is  said,  by  competent  authority,  - 
that  Franklin  Steele,  while  a  regent  of  the  University,  paid  out 
over  $20,000  of  his  own  money  as  a  seal  to  nis  loyalty  to  the 
University;  Isaac  Atwater  gave  about  half  that  amount  and  John 
H.  Stevens,  Henry  M.  Sibley  and  other  members  of  the  board 
gave  to  the  utmost  limit  of  their  means  and  time.  In  the  winter 
of  1851,  Colonel  Stevens  and  Captain  Rollins  spent  over  two  months 
giving  their  whole  time  and  paying  their  own  expenses,  'in  locating 
the  lands  of  the  congressional  grant  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
state.  These  are  only  a  few  of  the  many  instances  of  self-sacrific- 
ing devotion  of  the  members  of  the  board,  and  other  friends  of  the 
University. 

There  can  be  no  ooubt  but  that  the  regents  acted  to  the  best 
of  their  knowledge,  at  that  time,  for  the  best  interests  of  the  state. 
As  careful  business  men,  they  took  only  such  risks,  for  what  they 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  I3 

considered  the  best  interests  of  the  University,  as  they  would  have 
taken  with  their  own  property.  And  had  it  not  been  for  the  unfore- 
seen panic  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  they  would  have  been  sue- 

ccssf  ul. 

The'  final  outcome  of  their  action  was  beneficial  to  the  Univer- 
sity The  land  and  building,  which  originally  cost  about  $12o,000 
(even  under  the  unforeseen  calamity)  is  today  worth  over  thre« 
times  that  amount.  And  they  also  secured  for  the  University,  a 
site— than  which  there  is  none  more  favorable,  if  there  be  another 
as  favorable — in  the  whole  state. 

The  "Old  Main." 
The  new  building  was  the  west  wing  of  the  "old  main."  Ima- 
gine if  you  can,  all  the  "old  main,"  east  of  the  main  stairway, 
removed  and  all  of  the  part  thus  left  exposed  to  be  boarded  up 
with  rough  boards,  and  you  will  have  an  idea  of  the  appearance  01 
uie  only  building  then  on  the  campus.  The  original  plan  of  build- 
ing, embraced  a  wing  on  the  east  side  of  the  main  .part,  similar 
to  the  wing  on  the  west  side.  Each  of  these  wings  as  originally 
planned,  was  to  hav  been  four  stories  in  height,  while  the  mam 
part  was  to  'have  been  six  stories  in  height,  summounted  by  an 
observatory.  The  building  was  to  have  faced  the  north,  instead 
of  the  east,   as  it  actually  did. 

For  more  than  ten  years  the  building  stood  gloomy,  and  deserted. 
The  rough  boards  on  the  east  end  gave  it  a  decidedly  barn -like 
appearance.  It  was  a  most  sorry  monument  to  mistaken  judgment. 
A  school  was  carried  on  here  for  a  short  time  but  was  soon  dis- 
continued. The  building  fell  into  a  state  of  diplapidation;  the 
doors  were  oh:  their  hinges  and  the  cattle  used  to  seek  its  lower 
halls  for  protection  from  the  winters'  storms.  Such  was  its  con- 
dition, when  in  1867  the  legislature  voted  $15,000,  the  first  appro- 
priation ever  made  for  the  University,  to  repair  the  building. 

In  the  spring  of  1858,  the  building  was  so  nearly  completed  that 
the  regents  employed  Professor  Barber  to  take  charge  of  the 
preparatory  department,  at  a  salary  of  $800  per  annum.  They  ex- 
pected to  be  able  to  pay  that  amount  out  of  the  tuition  fees  re- 
ceived. After  the  school  had  been  in  session  about  six  months  it 
was  uiscontinued.  The  tuition  received  did  not  amount  to  one- 
half  of  the  salary  of  the  leacner. 

During  the  winter  ot  1859 -'60,  Professor  Butterfield  kept  a  pri- 
vate school  in  this  building.  The  regents  gave  him  the  use  of  the 
building,  and  he  was  simply  to  leave  it  in  as  good  condition  as  it 
was  when  he  took  it.  From  this  time  until  1867  there  was  no  at- 
tempt to  carry  on  a  school. 

In  the  lall  of  1858,  November  1st,  Rev.  E.  D.  Neill  was  appoint- 
ed Chancellor  of  the  University.  This  office  he  held  until  the  Ter- 
ritorial Board  was  legislated  out  of  office  by  an  act  of  the  State 
Legislature,  approved  February  14th,  1860. 
The  Investigation. 
^Vhen  the  legislature  of  1859-60  met,  the  affairs  of  the  Univer- 
sity were  in  such  bad  condition  that  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  investigate  and  report.  This  committee  made  a  report  giving 
a  somewhat  extended  view  of  the  situation.  In  this  report,  al- 
tbnneh  thev  exonerated  the  territorial  board  from  all  suspicion 
of  dIshoncTt  dea"fngs,  they  censured  their  carelessness.  They 
nointed  out  the  fact,  to  which  the  regents  in  their  annual  reports 
had  Repeatedly  called  attention,  viz.:  That  the  board  was  too 
Targe  for  the  best  business  results.  Important  business  had  often 
Ken  delayed  or  entirely  neglected  because  it  was  impossible  to  get 
a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business.  They  also  pointed  out 
the  fact  that  the  method  of  their  election  was  a   most  pernicious 


14 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE 


one.  A  body  of  men  elected  directly  by  the  legislature  was  apt 
to  be  so  mixed  up  with  politics  that  the  interests  of  the  institu- 
tion intrusted  to  their  charge  were  likely  to  suffer.  They  also  re- 
ported that  the  proceedings  of  the  board  had  been  marked  by  un- 
necessary haste  and  precipitation.  In  the  main  this  report  seems 
fair  and  trustworthy,  thougli  perhaps  it  is  a  little  too  severe  in 
its  criticism  of  the  motives  of  the  board  in  certain  of  their  trans- 
actions. 

The  Re-organization, 

The  legislature  passed  an  act,  approved  February  14th,  1860, 
re-organizing  the  University  and  giving  it  an  entirely  new  charter. 
The  Board  of  Regents  prov'ide<i  for  in  this  charter  was  to  consist  of 
five  electors  appointed  by  the  Governor  and  confirmed  by  the 
Senate.  Besides  these  five  members,  the  Governor,  Lieutenant 
Governor  and  the  onancellor  of  the  University  were  to  be  ex-oflicio 
members  of  the  board. 

The  Territorial  Board  selected  34,799.24  acres  of  lands  which 
were  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  Besides  this  they 
selected  11,280.61  acres  which  had  not  been  approved  when  they 
were  superseded  by  the  new  board.  Of  these  lands,  14,785  acres 
were  sold  by  subsequent  boards  to  pay  the  debts  'incurred  in  the 
erection  of  the  University  building. 

In  November,  1863,  John  S.  Pillsbury  was  appointed  to  the 
board  in  the  place  of  George  F.  Batchelder,  resigned.  This  was 
the  beginning  of  Governor  Pillsbury's  connection  with  the  Uni- 
versity. It  was  not  without  great  reluctance  that  he  consented  to 
serve  as  regent;  he  declmed  the  office  when  it  was  first  offered 
to  him,  and  it  was  only  when  Governor  Swift  insisted  that  no 
one  else  could  serve  the  University  as  well  that  he  consented  to 
accept  the  place. 

This  Doard  was  authorized  and  instructed  to  continue  the  in- 
vestigation of  the  attairs  of  the  Territorial  Board.  The  principal 
bus'iness  of  this  board  was  the  straightening  out  of  the  affairs  of 
the  Territorial  Board.  In  their  first  report  to  the  Legislature  the 
board  gave  a  very  complete  history  of  the  University  up  to  that 
time. 

This  board  began  the  agitation  of  the  question  of  a  second  grant 
by  Congress  for  the  support  of  the  State  University.  They  claiimed 
that  the  grant  by  Congress  to  the  Territorial  University  would  be 
mostly  used  up  in  paying  off  the  debts  of  the  Territorial  University. 
This  grant  was  finally  made   in  1870. 

This  board  was  greatly  hampered  in  their  actions  by  the  belief, 
on  their  part,  that  at  least  a  part  of  the  debt  of  the  Territorial 
University,  was  contracted  without  proper  authority. 

The  Legislature  of  1862  authorized  this  board  to  make  such  ad- 
justment concerning  this  debt  as  they  considered  equitable.  The 
board  then  made  offers  of  land  at  fa'lr  prices  in  exchange  for  notes 
or  other  evidences  of  indebtedness  held  against  the  University.  A 
few  accepted  this  offer  but  the  great  majority  of  the  creditors  of 
the  University  preferred  to  hold  the  notes  and  bonds  rather  than 
exchange  them  for  lands.  At  this  time  the  debt  amounted  to  about 
$110,000.  Very  few  of  the  friends  of  the  University  had  any  hope 
that  the  University  would  have  any  land  left  after  having  paid 
all  its  debts. 

The  legislature  which  met  In  1864  passed  an  act  authorizing  a 
commission  or  board  cons'isting  of  John  S.  Pillsbury,  O.  C.  Merri- 
man  and  JoFin  Nicols,  with  authority  to  sell  all  the  land  necessary 
to  settle  up  the  entire  indebtedness  of  the  University.  This  com- 
mission went  to  work  with  a  will  and  in  1867  they  made  a  report  to 
the  legislature  which  was  so  encouraging  that  the  legislature  voted 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  1 5 

$15,000  for  the  repair  of  the  University  and  for  the  commencing 
of  a  course  of  instruction.  During  the  year  1S67  a  University  fac- 
ulty was  elected  consisting  of  the  following  named  gentlemen: 
W.  W.  Washburn,  B.  A.,  principal  and  instructor  in  Greek;  Gabriel 
Campbell,  B.  A.,  instructor  in  L,a.tm  and  German;  Ira  Moore,  Ph. 
B.,  instructor  in  maunematics  and  the  English  branches.  During 
the  first  term  of  school  aoout  fifty  stuaents  were  enrolled;  about 
seventy  were  enrolled  during  the  year. 

When  this  board  made  its  final  report,  there  was  still  a  debt 
of  about  $5,750,  but  they  had  also  ^,890  acres  of  land,  which  had 
been  appropriated  to  settle  up  the  debts,  still'  unsold.  Such  un- 
locked for  results  caused  the  friends  of  the  University  once  more 
to  take  heart.  It  is  largely  due  to  the  success  of  this  commission 
that  the  legislature  turned  over  the  grant  of  land  made  by  congress 
for  agricultural  education  (about  94,000  acres)  to  the  University 
upon  condition  that  the  University  establish  an  Agricultural  Col- 
lege and  also  a  college  of  Mechanic  Arts  in  connection  with  the  Uni- 
versity. The  legislature  of  1868,  February  18th,  passed  an  act  re- 
organizing the  University  and  providing  for  the  appointment  of  a 
Board  of  Regents. 

The   Real    Beginning. 

The  second  period  of  the  history  of  the  University  extending 
from  1868  down  to  the  present  time,  as  a  matter  of  convenience 
can  well  be  divided  at  the  close  01  the  year  1883-'84,  the  end  of  Dr. 
Folwell's  and  the  beginning  of  President  Northrop's  administration. 

The  re-organizing  act  was  signed,  by  the  Governor  of  the  State, 
on  the  18th  of  February,  1868.  The  board  of  regents  was  im- 
mediately appointed  and  at  once  began  to  plan  for  the  opening  of 
a  real  University  offering  work  of  a  college  grade.  During  the 
summer  of  1869,  a  faculty  consisting  of  nine  persons,  three  of 
whom  had  previously  taught  .n  the  preparatory  school,  was  elected. 

On  the  15th  of  September  of  the  year  1869  the  University  was 
formally  opened  by  the  calling  of  the  first  college  classes.  There 
was  no  demonstration  of  any  kind  to  mark  the  momentous  event. 
The  freshman  class  was  organized  mainly  from  the  students  who 
came  in  from  the  preparatory  department.  The  faculty  cheerfully 
undertook  the  instruction  of  the  preparatory  classes,  and  a  visitor 
might  have  seen  the  unique  spectacle  of  a  major  general'  of  the 
United  States  army  teaching  arithmetic,  an  ex-college  president 
drilling  students  in  Greek  etymology,  and  the  president  of  the 
college  doing  his  best  to  give  instruction  in  elocution,  geometry 
and  English  grammar.  For  many  years  the  steady  grind  of 
hard  worK  was  kept  up;  the  faculty  did  their  work  on  most  meagre 
salaries,  and  with  totally  inadequate  equipment,  but  with  a  zeal 
that  was  prophetic  of  the  great  future  before  the  institution.  Dur- 
ing the  first  years  01  the  life  of  the  institution  its  total  yearly  in- 
come was  but  $15,000. 

The  preparatory  school  settled  for  all  time  the  question  as  to 
whether  the  University  should  be  co-educational;  young  women 
presented  themselves  for  admission  to  the  school  and  were  admitted 
without  question  and  tnus  it  came  about  in  the  most  natural  way 
in  the  world  that  when  the  University  was  organized  that  young 
women  came  In  also  as  a  matter  of  course.  It  is  said  that  the 
question  did  come  up  and  that  the  faculty,  governed  by  college 
traditions,  voted  to  exclude  the  young  women,  but  that  the  re- 
gents could  see  no  reason  for  excluding  them  and  so  voted. 

The  next  decided  step  in  advance  being  the  organizing  of  the 
geological  and  natural  history  survey  of  the  state  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  regents  of  the  University,  thus  bringing  it  into  direct 
touch  With  the  scientific  departments  of  the  University.     The  or- 


l6  DICTIONAP.Y  OF  THE 

ganization  of  this  survey,  as  it  was  organized,  ha^  been  of  incal- 
culable benefit  to  the  University  as  weil  as  to  me  sta.te  at  large. 

June  19tli,  1873,  was  a  landmark  in  the  history  of  the  Univer- 
sity. On  that  day  came  the  tirst  commencement,  at  which  were 
graduated  Warren  Clark  Eustis  and  Henry  Martyn  Williamson, 
i'he  exercises  were  heid  in  the  old  Academy  of  Music,  which  stood 
where  Temple  Court  now  stands,  on  the  corner  of  Washington  and 
ilennepin  avenues  in  the  presence  of  an  audience  which  taxed  the 
capacity  of  the  hall.  An  address  was  made  by  President  Welch 
of  the  Iowa  State  Agricultural  College,  and  a  dinner  was  after- 
ward served  at  the  Nicollet  House,  at  which  the  Honorable  Eugene 
M.  Wilson,  M.  C,  presided.  Judge  Atwater  made  an  able  and  in- 
spiring speech.  The  nrst  regular  college  catalogue  appearea  at 
this  time,  previous  announcements  having  been  made  by  means 
of  a  so-called  University  Almanac. 

The  next  event  of  historical  interest  was  the  completion  of  the 
main  part  of  the  "old  main  building."  At  about  the  same  time  the 
"agricultural  building"  was  erected.  This  building  was  burned  in 
1888.  Numbers  kept  increasing  and  full  college  work  was  carried 
on;  legislative  appropriations  were  increased  so  that  it  was  pos- 
sible to  provide  a  norary  of  a  few  thousana  volumes,  and  a  limited 
amount  of  laboratory  appliances  was  purchased.  But  it  was  found 
impossibl3  to  dispense  with  the  preparatory  department,  which 
continued  to  be  a  heavy  burden.  There  were  few  schools  offering 
work  sufficient  to  admit  to  the  freshman  class  and  the  last  pre- 
paratory class  was  not  Anally  dropped  until  1889. 

The  city  high  schools  were  still  in  the  period  of  development, 
and  could  not  furnish  college  preparatory  work  in  any  systematic 
way.  How  to  enlist  the  high  schools  in  this  indispensable  work, 
was  a  problem  which  for  years  rested  heavily  on  the  minas  of 
t.'.e  regents  and  faculty.  At  length  a  bill  was  framed  by  President 
Folwell  for  the  establishment  of  a  "High  School  Board"  which 
should  be  caarged  with  the  distrihution  of  a  state  fund  to  such 
schools  as  would  undertake  the  preparation  of  students  for  the 
University,  and  admit  outside  students,  of  both  sexes,  free  of 
tuition.  The  bill  became  a  law  in  1878,  and,  with  some  amendments 
is  still  in  operation,  and  has  wrought  a  great  reform  in  public  edu- 
cation. It  gave  to  ]\Iinncsota  what  no  other  state  at  that  time 
ppssessed,  and  which  no  state  at  the  present  time  possesses  un- 
less modeled  on  the  Minnesota  system — a  complete  system  of  pub- 
lic instruction. 

By  1880,  the  University  had  passed  out  of  its  period  of  infancy, 
and  fully  entered  upon  a  period  of  growth  and  prosperity,  which 
has  continued  to  this  day,  unchecked.  The  legislature  of  1881  ap- 
propriated $180,000,  to  be  paid  in  six  equal,  annual  installments  for 
new  buildings  and  the  day  of  small  things  was  fairly  passed.  What 
has  since  been  developed,  has  oeen,  in  no  small  measure,  due  to 
the  faithful  work  of  those  who  laid  broad  and  deep  the  founda- 
tions, in  those  early  days  of  almost  insuperable  trials  and  dis- 
couragements. 

The   Day  of   Larger  Things. 

The  year  1884-'85  furnishes  a  natural  dividing  line  in  the  history 
of  the  University.  The  day  of  small  things  was  fairly  past  and  the 
day  of  new  and  better  things  had  already  begun.  The  real  divid- 
i.-g  line  should  be  1881,  for  it  was  the  legislature  of  that  year 
that  put  itself  on  record  as  favoring  a  more  liberal  and  far- 
sighted  policy  for  the  University.  The  appropriation  of  $180,000 
for  buildings,  payable  in  six  equal  annual  installments,  was  a 
big  thing  for  those  days  and  really  marks  the  beginning  of  the 
up-grade.     We   take   the   date  first   mentioned,     however,     since    it 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


17 


marks  the  beginning  of  ttie  administration  of  Ir'resident  Northrop, 
and  furnishes  a  convenient  though  not  absolutely  accurate  dividing 
line  between   me  old  and  the  new. 

The  nigh  reputation  tliat  President  Northrop  had  won  as  a  col- 
lege professor  xias  oeen  almost  eclipsed  by  his  conspicuous  suc- 
cess as  an  executive.  President  Northrop  has  made  much  of  what 
he  found  already  begun  in  tne  high  school  system  of  the  state, 
and  the  marvelous  growth  of  the  University  during  the  years  of 
his  incumbency  has  been  due  in  no  small  measure  to  the  way  in 
which  he  uas  kept  the  University  in  close  touch  with  the  high 
school  system  of  the  state;  this  has  been  accomplished  by  President 
Northrop" s  personality  and  by  a  liberal  system  of  accrediting  high 
schools  doing  work  preparatory  to  the  University. 

One  01  the  great  problems  that  faced  the  new  president  was  to 
iind  a  solutii  n  lor  the  problem  of  agricultural  education.  The 
l;.rmers  of  the  state  were  restive;  every  session  saw  bills  introduced 
to  divide  the  University  and  make  the  department  of  agriculture 
independent.  The  regents  and  president  had  been  trying  for 
years  to  solve  the  problem.  They  had  taken  education  to  the 
farmers  in  the  way  of  lecture  courses  and  had  succeeded  in  arous- 
ing no  little  enthusiasm  by  cringing  in  lecturers  of  national  repu- 
tation, to  give  lectures,  free  to  the  public,  upon  agriculture  and 
domestic  science;  out  all  to  no  avail.  The  question  would  not  be 
settled.  Finally  a  cr'isis  was  reached;  when  the  legislature  of 
1887  met,  the  most  Determined  effort  that  had  yet  been  made  was 
then  made  to  uivide  the  University.  It  seemed  that  nothing  could 
save  this  disastrous  outcome,  when  "Governor"  Pillsbury  stepped 
in  and  offered  to  build  a  science  building,  now  known  as  Pillsbury 
hall,  and  donate  it  to  the  state,  provided  the  legislature  would  put 
itself  on  record  as  being  forever  and  irrevocably  opposed  to  such 
separation.  This  was  done  and  the  questioni  has  never  been  a  live 
one  since  that  day.  But  before  this  act  of  Governor  Pillsbury,  the 
question  was  being  solved.  President  Northrop  was  convinced  that 
education  must  be  taken  to  the  farmer  since  he  would  not  come 
to  the  University  for  his  education.  In  looking  about  for  the 
proper  man  to  do  v/hat  needed  to  be  done,  Providence  led  him  to 
send  for  O.  C.  Gregg,  of  Lynd,  Minn.  After  a  short  talk  with  Mr. 
Gregg,  President  Northrop  Knew  he  had  found  the  man  and  sent 
him  to  Governor  Pillsbury,  then  president  of  the  board  of  regents 
Mr.  Gregg  stated  his  ideas  to  Governor  Pillsbury  and  they  likewise 
appealed  to  him  and  he  told  Mr.  Gregg  that  if  he  would  take  up 
the  work  he  would  personally  bear  the  expense  for  a  year,  untlP 
the  matter  could  be  taken  up  by  the  legislature.  This  was  in  the 
spring  of  1885. 

The  work  was  at  once  begrun  and  the  following  year  the  re- 
gents took  it  up  as  a  university  matter  and  pushed  the  plan.  The 
following  year  tne  legislature  made  an  appropriation  to  carry  on 
the  work. 

Dr.  David  L.  Kiehle,  then  superintendent  of  public  'instruction, 
and  by  virtue  of  his  office  a  member  of  the  board  of  regents,  took 
great  interest  In  the  question  and.  visited  many  schools  of  practical 
mechanics  and  inv^estigated  the  question  of  agricultural  education. 
In  the  spring  of  1887  he  published  an  outline  of  a  course  of  study 
and  conditions  that  should  govern  the  establishment  of  a  success- 
ful school  of  agriculture,  the  plan  being  substantially  that  later 
adopted  by  the  board  of  regents.  The  school  was  established  in 
the  fall  of  1888  and  proved  to  be  the  long-sought  solution  to  the 
problem  of  agricultural  education. 

The  next  turning  point  in  University  history  comes  with  th« 
opening  of  the  college  year,  1888-89.    Although  nominally  organized 


l8  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

upon  a  university  basis  the  University  had  been  really  nothing 
but  a  college  of  liberal  arts  in  which  courses  in  engineering  and 
agriculture  were  fostered  and  had  come  to  have  a  nominauy  in- 
dependent existence.  With  the  opening  of  this  year,  the  depart- 
ments of  law  and  medicine  were  organized  as  teaching  colleges 
and  work  actually  begun.  Then  the  University  began  to  grow  by 
leaps  and  bounds.  The  problem  became  how  to  care  for  tlie  vast 
numbers  of  students  that  were  clamoring  for  admission.  The  new 
departments  were  not  entirely  self  supporting  and  were  expensive 
institutions  to  maintain.  The  number  of  instructors  and  profes- 
sors needed  to  care  for  the  increasing  numbers  of  students  was 
all  out  of  proportion  to  the  increase  in  tne  income  provided  by  the 
state.  At  last  the  legislature  saw  the  reasonableness  of  the  con- 
tention of  the  regents  and  made  provision,  in  1894,  for  a  state  tax 
that  theoretically  at  least,  would  bring  in  an  increasing  income  to 
care  for  the  increasing  attendance.  But  the  attendance  increased 
many  fold  faster  than  the  wealth  of  the  state  and  the  legislature 
was  obligeu  to  supplement  this  tax  levy  oy  standing  annual  ap- 
propriations. iJut  'in  spite  of  it  all  the  income  would  not  increase 
fast  enough  and  conditions  kept  getting  more  and  more  intolerable. 
The  lact  that  more  instructors  had  to  be  had,  meant  lower  salaries 
and  it  came  about  that  the  average  salary  decreased  in  fifteen 
years  over  $200.  It  was  not  until  the  alumni  took  hold  of  the  mat- 
ter in  1907  and  carried  on  a  systematic  and  organized  campaign 
that  the  legislature  could  be  made  to  see  the  problem  and  provide 
support  liberal  enough  to  pay  something  like  living  salaries.  The 
years  from  1888-1900  are  in  a  way  uneventful.  They  were  full  of 
events  but  the  dramatic  was  lacking.  The  University  authorities 
were  too  busy  caring  for  the  problem  that  was  on  their  hands 
to  do  anything  out  of  the  ordinary. 

Beginning  with  the  year,  1901,  however,  there  came  the  crea- 
tion of  the  board  of  control  of  state  institutions,  whose  history  may 
be  found  elsewhere  'in  this  book.  T"he  University  was  brought  un- 
der its  control.  The  conditions  of  dual  control  were  unendurable. 
The  two  boards,  with  the  best  of  intentions  to  get  along  harmo- 
niously, could  not  manage  one  institution  and  determined  effort  was 
made  to  have  the  law  repealed.  Two  years  went  by  and  no  at- 
tempt was  made  to  put  the  law  into  force,  because  it  was  known 
that  here  was  a  question  as  to  the  constitutionality  of  the  law  and 
also  it  was  known  that  the  legislature  did  not  really  intend  to  in- 
clude the  University  under  the  provisions  of  the  law.  But  when 
the  legislature  of  1903,  had  had  the  matter  up  and,  through  poli- 
tical machinations,  had  been  brought  to  decide  against  the  release 
of  the  University,  there  was  nothing  to  do  but  to  bow  gracefully 
to  the  inevitable  and  go  to  work  to  secure  relief  at  the  next  ses- 
sion. This  was  done.  The  alumini  and  other  friends  of  the  Uni- 
versity rallied  to  the  support  of  Alma  Mater  and  made  themselves 
so  insistent  that  a  notable  and  overwhelming  victory  was  won. 

The  two  years  through  which  the  University  had  been  under  the 
board  of  control  were  not,  however,  without  theii'  beneficial  effects 
upon  the  institution.  The  system  of  purchases  and  keeping  of  ac- 
counts was  thoroughly  revised  and  laws  w^ere  passed  requiring  the 
strictest  business  methods  in  every  department.  This  change  Is 
undoubtedly  for  the  good  of  the  University  as  well  as  the  state 
and  will  never  be  discarded. 

Other  matters  of  interest  in  connection  with  the  history  of  the 
University  will  be  found  in  their  proper  order  in  this  book  We 
shall  content  ourselves  with  referring  the  reader  to  such  statements 
and  call  attention  to  one  matter  which  is  of  more  than  passing 
moment. 


UISrrVERSITT  OF  MINNESOTA. 


19 


The  need  of  the  University  for  the  support  of  its  alumni  was 
clearly  demonstrated  in  1901.  Nooiy  did  the  alumni  respond.  A 
General  Alumni  Association,  representing  all  departments  of  the 
University,  was  organized,  and  the  alumni  came  to  know  and  rea- 
lize their  responsibility  for  the  welfare  of  the  University.  This 
arousing  of  the  alumni  in  the  interests  of  the  University  is  a  mile 
stone  that  marks  the  beginning  of  biggar  and  better  things. 

The  future  of  the  University  is  assured.  The  people  of  the  state 
are  coming  to  realize  as  never  before  that  the  University  is  their 
institution  and  to  take  a  pride  in  it  and  to  realize  that  to  be  what 
it  ought  to  be  it  must  have  adequate  support.  This  fact,  a|nd 
the  arous'ing  of  the  alumni  are  sufficient  to  warrant  an  optimistic 
view  of  the  future.  The  financial  future  of  the  University  is  also 
assured.  The  lands  granted  by  the  National  Government  for  the 
endowment  of  the  University,  have  been  found  to  be  rich  beyond 
the  wildest  dreams  of  a  few  years  back,  in  iron  deposits.  It  is  large- 
ly a  matter  of  guess  work,  but  the  state  auditor  estimates  that  the 
University  will  eventually  receive  an  endowment  of  from  twenty 
to  forty  millions  from  th'is  source. 


OU  R    BOOK    STOR  E 


I 


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MINNEAPOLIS 


OPPOSITE  THE  UNIVERSITY  GATEWAY 


Dictionary 


ABBOTT,  Amos  W. — Clinical  professor  of  diseases  of  women, 
1888   to  date.     21   Tenth   street  south. 

ABBOTT,  Everton,  Judson — Born  October  19,  1849,  at  Milan,  Ohio. 
B.  A.,  Western  Reserve  University;  M.  D.,  Wooster,  Ad  eundem 
medical  department.  Western  Reserve.  Connected  with  the  med- 
ical department  of  the  University  of  Minnesota  since  its  beginning 
as  professor  of  clinical  medicine  and  associate  professor  of  practice 
of  medicine.   395  Endicott  Arcade,   St.   Paul. 

ABBOTT,  Howard  S. — Professor  of  corporation  law,  1895  to  date. 
B.  L.,  Univerpity  '§5;  Master  in  Chancery,  United  States  Circuit 
Court  since  1898;  Author  of  Cases  Public  Corporations;  Private 
Corporations;  Notes.  Authorities  and  Deductions  on  Corporations; 
Municipal  Corporations,  three  volumes.     900  Sixth  street  southeast. 

ACANTHUS  Literary  Society — Organized  in  1905  by  a  group  of 
twenty  freshmen  girls.  The  programs  of  the  society  consist  of 
book  reviews,  informal  debates,  original  stories  and  current  events, 
with  vocal  or  instrumental  music  and  frequent  social  meetings. 

ACOMB,    William    E.— Instructor   m   drawing.    1902-03. 

ADAIR,  Fred  Lyman — Born  July  28,  1877,  Anamosa  Iowa.  B.  S., 
University  of  Minnesota  in  1898;  M.  D.,  Rush  Medical  College,  1901. 
Ruse  Hospital,  Chicago,  111. ;  clinical  assistant  in  medicine  and  ob- 
stetrics, 1907  to  date.  1030  Andrus  building.  3232  Irving  avenue 
south. 

ADAMS  Bill — The  following  is  the  first  and  essential  paragraph 
of  the  Adams  bill  which  was  approved  by  the  president,   1906: 

"Be  it  enacted  by  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  that  there  shall  be,  and 
'hereby  is,  annually  appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the  treasury, 
not  otherwise  appiopriated,  to  be  paid  as  hereinafter  provided, 
to  each  state  and  territory,  for  the  more  complete  endowment  and 
maintenance  of  agricultural  experiment  stations  now  established 
or  which  may  hereafter  be  established  in  accordance  with  the  act 
of  Congress  approved  March  2nd,  1887,  the  sum  of  $5,000  in  addition 
to  the  sum  named  in  said  act,  for  the  year  ending  June  30th,  1906, 
and  an  annual  increase  of  the  amount  of  such  appropriation  there- 
after for  five  years  by  an  additional  sum  of  $2,000  over  the  preced- 
ing year,  and  the  annual  amount  to  be  paid  thereafter  to  each 
siate  and  territory  shall  be  thirty  thousand  dollars,  to  be  applied 
only  to  paying  the  necessary  expenses  of  conducting  original  re- 
searches or  experiments  bearing  directly  on  the  agricultural  in- 
dustry of  the  United  States,  having  due  regard  for  the  varying 
conditions  and  needs  of  the  respective  states  and  territories."  This 
is  virtually  an  amendment  to  the  Hatch  bill,  under  the  provisions 
of  which  experiment  stations  were  established  and  by  which  they 
have  been  supported  since  1887. 

ADAMS,  Elmer  E.,  Fergus  Falls — Appointed  regent  May  31,  1S97, 
and  served  until  elected  to  the  legislature  in  January,  1905,  resign- 


22 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE 


ing  just  before  taking  his  seat  as  member  of  the  house  of  1905. 
Served  as  member  of  the  house  for  1905  and  190(7.  Second  alumnus 
01  the  University  to  be  appointed  to  the  board  of  regents.  News- 
paper man.     Editor  and  publisher  of  the  Fergus  Falls  Journal. 

ADMISSION  to  the  University — See  statements  under  various 
colleges. 

AGRICULTURAL  Chemistry  Laboratory— Erected  in  1902,  at  a 
cost  of  $30,000,  and  in  1904,  $5,000  was  added  in  way  of  equipment. 
Contains  the  office  of  the  chemist  of  the  department  and  the  sta- 
tion; laboratories  for  practice  in  elementary  agricultural  chem- 
istry, chemistry  of  foods  and  soils  and  fertilizers  and  domestic 
chemistry;  work  rooms,  recitations  rooms  for  classes  in  chemistry. 

AGRICULTURAL  College  Building— J.  W.  Bassford,  architect. 
The  legislature  of  1872  made  an  appropriation  of  $12,500,  for 
this  building-,  which  consisted  of  a  main  part  fifty-four  feet  square. 


with  two  wings,  each  25x46  feet.  See  picture  of  same.  Finished 
5n  1875  and  occupied  for  the  first  time  that  fall.  Destroyed  by 
fire  December  3,  1888.  This  building  housed  the  departments  of 
agriculture  and  tlie  plant  house,  and  chemistry.  The  main  portion 
only  was  two  stories  high. 

AGRICULTURAL  Libraries — The  libraries  of  the  department 
of  agriculture  include  about  eleven  thousand  volumes,  besides  many 
thousands  of  pamphlets  and  bulletins  relating  to  various  phases  of 
agriculture.  The  collection  is  a  fine  working  collection  for  the 
department.  The  main  library  is  housed  in  the  new  main  building 
and  the  quarters  provided  are  all  that  could  be  desired.  The 
var'ious  divisions  of  the  department  are  providc'd  with  libraries 
whicla  include  only  the  books  directly  bearing  upon  their  own 
special  lines  and  such  as  are  in  constant  demand  by  students  work- 
ing in  those  departments. 

AGRICULTURAL  Museums — Practically  every  division  of  the 
department  of  agriculture  has  made  collections  of  material  that 
bear  upon  instruction  in  that  department.  These  collections  are 
especially  important  in  entomology,  farm  machinery,  botany,  etc. 

AGRICULTURE,  The  Department  of — Provision  for  the  creation 
of  this  department  was  made  in  the  charter  of  the  University  and 
the  College  of  Agriculture  was  one  of  the  first  colleges  to  be 
organized.      The    first    organization,    which    was    intended    to    be 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  23 

merely  tentative  and  which  lasted  for  but  two  years,  provided  for 
a  college  of  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  art®.  The  reorganization 
of  1871,  established  this  college  as  an  independent  college.  Origin- 
ally the  work  of  this  college  was  the  same  as  for  the  college  of 
science,  literature  and  arts,  up  to  the  end  of  the  sophomore  year 
and  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  agriculture  was  conferred  upon 
those  who  completed  this  course  and  the  two  years  of  special 
agricultural  work  of  the  junior  and  senior  years.  It  was  also  pro- 
vided that  "any  person  not  a  candidate  for  a  degree,  who  may 
appear  to  be  competent  to  receive  instruction,  may  attend  the 
classes  and  undergo  examinations  in  any  subject,  and  if  success- 
ful will  receive  a  certificate  to  that  effect."  In  addition  to  the 
college  course,  an  elementary  course,  outlined  especially  to  meet 
the  needs  of  the  prospective  farmer,  was  provided.  In  1875-76,  a 
special  lecture  course  for  men  engaged  in  the  practice  of  fanning 
was  offered  upon  condition  that  thirty  persons  signify  their  inten- 
tion to  pursue  the  course.  This  course  of  lectures  was  to  extend 
through  ten  weeks  and  to  be  both  scientific  and  practical  and  no 
fees,  examinations  or  conditions  were  prescribed  for  admission. 
Special  effort  was  made  to  secure  the  attendance  of  practical 
farmers  upon  this  special  lecture  course,  and  though  the  oourse 
was  offered,  without  restrictions  of  any  kind,  for  five  years,  the 
demand  did  not  justify  its  being  given.  In  1881-82,  191  students 
were  enrolled  in  this  course,  though  the  course  had  to  be  reduced 
to  six  weeks,  instead  of  the  ten  weeks  that  had  been  previously 
offered.  The  following  year  ihe  attendance  in  this  lecture  course 
increased  to  281;  the  total  attendance  in  the  other  courses  in  this 
college  having  increased  to  10.  In  1882-83,  the  attendance  of  this 
course  increased  to  1118. 

This  large  attendance  was  secured  by  offer'ing  popular  lectures 
upon  subjects  related  to  agriculture  and  home  economics. 

Then  for  several  years  the  attendance  dropped  off  entirely  and 
it  was  not  until  the  year  1885-86,  that  the  catalogue  shows  any 
attendance  and  then  an  enrollment  of  but  five  students  in  the 
school  of  practical  agriculture  which  opened  May  1  and  closed 
November  1,  the  students  working  on  the  farm  to  pay  their  ex- 
penses. The  following  year  this  course  showed  an  attendance  of 
fourteen  and  plans  were  matured  for  the  organization  of  the  pres- 
ent school  of  agriculture.  With  the  opening  of  the  year,  1888-89, 
this  school  was  fully  organized  and  had  an  enrollment  of  47.  In  the 
year  1888-89  the  department  of  veterinary  science  was  organized 
as  an  independent  college  in  the  department  of  agriculture.  No 
change  of  importance  in  the  department  was  made  until  the  year 
1891-92,  when  the  dairy  school  was  organized,  offering  a  four- 
weeks'  course  to  practical  dairymen.  The  college  of  veterinary 
medicine  was   abolished   in  li892. 

The  course  in  the  school  of  agriculture  was  not  first  planned  to 
meet  the  needs  of  the  young  women  and  the  demand  was  made 
upon  the  regents  to  provide  such  a  course.  This  was  done  in 
1894,  when  a  so-called  summer  course  for  women  was  provided. 
This  course  which  was  offered  in  1894,  1895  and  1896,  lasted  from 
late  in  April  to  late  in  June  and  was  outlined  specifically  to  meet 
the  needs  of  the  "mothers  and  daughters"  of  Minnesota.  The 
next  change  was  the  offering  of  a  short  course  for  farmers.  This 
course  was  offered  January  5,  to  February  28,  1903,  for  the  first 
time.  The  work  of  the  course  is  practical  In  the  extreme  and 
is  so  arranged  that  every  hour  of  the  eight  weeks  'is  spent  in  work 
that  has  a  direct  bearing  upon  the  work  of  the  farmer  and  gives 
him  the  Information   which   he  needs   and   desires. 

In  the  year  1901-02,  an  intermediate  year  of  work  was  arranged 
for  the  benefit  of  graduates  of  the  school  of  agr'lculture  who  de- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


25 


sired  to  enter  the  college  of  agriculture.  The  same  year,  in  ac- 
cordance with  an  act  of  the  legislature,  the  agricultural  department, 
began  the  preparation  of  leaflets  and  other  material  to  be  used  in 
the  introduction  of  studies,  calculated  to  build  up  farming  and 
country  life  into  rural  schools.  This  includes  the  preparation  of 
leaflets,  the  promulgation  of  plans  for  the  use  of  teachers  in  leading 
pupils  to  Observe  and  experiment  on  tne  farm  and  at  home,  to  assist 
in  the  utiUzation  of  natural  objects  of  the  country  for  the  purpose 
of  illustration  in  rural  schools;  the  decoration  and  use  of  school 
grounds;  correspondence  with  teachers  and  superintendents,  to  aid 
and  encourage  them  in  carrying  out  the  plans  proposed.  See  Rural 
School  Agriculture. 

In  1902-03,  the  courses  'in  the  college  of  agriculture  were  re- 
organized and  provision  made  for  offering  courses,  leading  to  de- 
grees in  forestry  and  honie  economics,  the  work  in  these  lines 
having  been  previously  given  as  parts  of  the  general  agricultural 
course. 

The  legislature  of  1905  passed  an  act  creating  a  school  of  agri- 
culture at  Crookston,  placing  it  under  the  direction  of  the  board 
of  regents.  $15,000  was  appropriated  for  a  building  and  equip- 
ment, but  no  provision  was  made  for  its  maintenance.  The  citizens 
of  Crookston  raised  $2,500  and  offered  it  to  the  regents  so  that 
a  school  might  be  started  in  the  year  1907-OS.  The  school  was 
started  and  the  attendance  the  first  year  was  over  thirty.  The 
legislature  of  1907,  made  further  provision  for  this  school  by  ap- 
propriating $4,000  annually  for  maintenance  and  $50,000  for  dormi- 
tory and  equipment  and  $15,000  for  an  industrial  building,  also 
re-imbursing  the  citizens  who  had  provided  the  $2,500  for  start- 
ing the  school  in  1906. 

This  department  is  located  on  the  University  farm  of  about 
four  hundred  twenty  acres,  at  St.  Anthony  Park,  about  two  miles 
from  the  main  campus.  It  is  provided  with  buildings,  for  a  de- 
scription of  which  see  Buildings,  department  of  agriculture.  See 
also  Experiment  Stations,  students  in  the  college  of  agriculture 
receive  a  considerable  portion  of  their  instruction  in  the  college 
of  science,  Hterature  and  the  arts.  The  college  year  is  the  same  as 
lor  other  colleges  of  the  University.  The  year  for  the  school  of 
agriculture  extends  from  early  October  to  late  in  March.  The  Dairy 
school  from  late  November,  to  just  before  Christmas  vacation.  The 
Short  course  for  farmers  from  the  middle  of  January  to  the  middle 
of  March.  The  dean  and  director  has  general  supervision  of  ttie 
whole  department  and  the  experiment  stations;  he  has  direct  charge 
of  the  experiment  station  at  St.  Anthony  Park,  the  college  of  agri- 
culture and  the  short  course  for  farmers.  The  school  of  agricul- 
ture is  under  the  immediate  supervision  and  direction  of  the 
principal.  The  professor  of  dairy  husbandry  has  charge  of  the 
dairy  school.  The  school  of  agriculture  is  the  only  department  of 
the  University  In  which  dormitories  are  provided  for  the  students. 

Tuition  for  the  college  same  as  for  the  college  of  science,  litera- 
ture and  the  arts.  The  school  charges  no  tuition.  See  School  of 
Agriculture. 

AGRICULTURAL  Experiment  Station,  The — This  station  was 
established  by  an  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  March  7,  1885. 
and  was  placed  under  the  control  of  the  board  of  regents.  This 
act  carried  no  appropriation.  An  act  of  Congress,  approved  March 
2,  1887,  appropriated  $15,000  annually  for  the  support  of  the  work 
of  investigations  at  experiment  stations  established  by  the  various 
states.  Minnesota  complied  with  the  provisions  of  this  law  and 
has.  since  1887.  received  $15,000  annually  for  the  purpose  specified. 
Under  the  provisions  of  the  Adams  bill,  an  act  by  fhe  national 
Congress,   the   experiment   station  rece'ives  $5,000.   which   increases 


26  DICTIONARY  OF   THE 

$2,000  annually  until  a  maximum  of  $15,000,  is  reached.  The  money 
received  under  this  bill  is  used  to  cari-y  on  agricxiltural  experi- 
ments. 

liie  state  also  appropriates  over  $20,000  annually  for  carrying  on 
experiments  in  various  lines.  The  work  of  the  experiment  station 
is  carried  along  in  connection  with  the  work  of  instruction  in  the 
department  of  agriculture  and  it  is  impossible  to  draw  a  line  and 
say  that  here  the  work  of  one  ends  and  the  work  of  the  other 
begins,  for  each  is  dependent  upon  the  other,  despite  the  fact 
that    the    experiment   station    is   an    independent  institution. 

The  principal  lines  of  work  conducted  at  tJie  station  are  as  fol- 
lows: Cnemistry  of  soils  and  farm  crops,  field  experiments,  rota- 
tions, tests  of  varieties  of  cereals  and  forage  crops,  time  and 
depth  of  seeding  grains  and  amount  of  seeu,  methods  of  seeding 
grasses;  horticulture— tests  of  varieties  of  fruits  and  vegetables, 
use  of  wind-breaks,  testing  hardy  stocks  for  apple  trees,  improve- 
ment of  native  fruits;  forestry;  diseases  of  plants;  food  and  nutri- 
tion of  man;  plant  and  animal  breeding;  feeding  experiments;  dis- 
eases of  animals,  entomology;  dairying;  farm  management  and 
farm  statistics. 

The  experiment  station  has  available  for  purposes  of  experimen- 
tation, the  University  farm,  at  fat.  Anthony  Park,  419  acres,  the 
sub-stations  at  Crookston  and  Grand  Rapids,  490  and  352  acres  re- 
spectively, the  Coteau  farm  at  Lynd  and  five  acres  of  the  state 
farm  at  Owatonna,  and  the  newly  purchased  farm  for  a  fruit 
experiment  station  at  Minnetonka.  The  main  station  is  under 
the  personal  direction  of  B.  W.  Randall,  director,  who  also  has 
general  supervision  over  the  other  stations.  The  station  at  Crooks- 
ton  is  under  the  direction  of  William  Robertson  and  that  at  Grand 
Rapids  under  the  direction  of  J.  H.  McGuire.  Experiments  are  be- 
ing carried  on,  at  various  points  in  the  state,  though  the  co- 
opv-ratioii  of  fanners  in  such  localities.  Since  the  establishment 
of  the  station  in  1SS7,  there  have  been  issued  96  general  bulletins, 
25   press   bulletins,    and   15   class  bulletins. 

AGRICULTURAL  Land  Grant — An  act  of  the  legislature  of 
Minnesota,  passed  March  10,  1858,  set  aside  lands  in  McLeod  county 
for  a  site  for  an  agricultural  college  and  for  an  experimental 
farm.  This  institution  was  to  be  under  the  control  of  the  president 
and  executive  committee  of  the  state  agricultural  society.  In  1861 
the  state  donated  to  this  college  all  the  swamp  lands  oi  McLeod 
county.  Nothing  was  ever  done  toward  organizing  a  college  at  this 
place.  The  congressional  grant  of  1863  was  accepted  and  the 
lands  located  and,  because  the  affairs  of  the  University  were  in 
sucn  unsettled  condition,  tnese  lands  were  made  over  to  the  agri- 
cultural college  at  Glencoe,  in  1866.  The  following  year,  the  special 
board  of  three  made  a  report  showing  a  wiping  out  of  the  debt 
of  the  University  and  32,000  acres  of  the  territorial  grant  still  un- 
touched. Through  the  good  offices  of  Regent  Pillsbury,  then 
senator,  the  two  grants  were  consolidated  and  given  to  the  Uni- 
versity. It  was  provided  that  the  swamp  lands  granted  to  the 
McLeod  institution,  which  amount  to  4,684  acres,  should  remain 
in  the  possession  of  that  institution  as  an  endowment  of  Stevens 
Seminary. 

AGRICULTURE,  The  School  of — Minnesota's  contribution  to 
education  has  undoubtedly  been  greatest  in  the  solving  of  the  prob- 
lem of  agricultural  education,  through  the  establishment  of  the 
school  of  agriculture,  wtiich  has  been  copied  all  over  the  world, 
where  tl'e  question  of  agricultural  education  is  a  live  question. 
The  agitation  which  had  been  felt  for  years,  reached  an  acute 
stage  as  a  result  of  the  field  work  of  the  farmers'  institutes.  Dr. 
Kiehle,  who  was  at  that  time  superintendent  of  public  instruction 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  27 

and  a  member  of  the  board  of  regents,  gave  the  subject  much 
careful  study  and  investigation  and  after  visiting  many  manual 
training  schools  and  agricultural  colleges,  both  east  and  west,  gave 
a  communication  to  the  public  press  in  February  ISSS.  Thas  was 
the  first  formal  plan  to  be  submitted  along  lines  substantially 
similar  to  those  afterward  to  be  worked  out  in  the  Mmnesota 
school  of  agriculture. 

At  the  mooting  of  the  beard  of  regents,  April  1,  1887,  on  motion 
of  Governor  Pillsbury,  an  advisory  board  of  seven  members,  maue 
up  of  practical  farmers,  was  created.  The  function  of  this  board 
was  to  be  to  keep  'in  touch  with  the  agricultural  department  of 
the  University  and  to  recommend  to  the  regents  such  action  as 
they  deemed  advisable.  The  first  board  was  appointed  at  the 
meeting  of  the  regents  which  occurred  on  April  7,  of  the  same 
year,  ana  consisted  of  Messrs.  G.  W.  Sprague,  Canton;  D.  D. 
Burnes,  Welcome;  T.  J.  Smith,  St.  Paul;  L.  H.  Stanton,  Morns; 
Wyman  Elliott,  Minneapolis;  S.  riarbaugh,  St.  Paul;  D.  L.  Well- 
man,  !:•  razee  City.  At  the  same  meeting  tne  regents  voted  to 
direct  Professor  Porter  to  consuic  with  this  board  concerning  the 
establishment  of  an  industrial  school  of  agriculture  and  to  sub- 
mit plans  for  such  a  school  at  tne  following  meeting  of  the  board. 
The  board  met  again  on  the  13th  of  the  same  month,  and  re- 
ceived  a   report  from  the  advisory  board,   as   follows: 

Resolved:  That  the  board  of  regents  be  advised  to  make  such 
appropr-iation,  as  may  be  necessary  to  provide  suitable  accomoda- 
tions for  the  students  of  the  school  of  agriculture  on  the  experi- 
mental farm. 

"Resolved:  That  the  proposition  to  establish  a  school  of  agri- 
culture'^ on  the  experimental  fai-m  be  approved  and  endorsed  by 
this  advisory  committee  as  promising  the  best  possible  solution 
of  the  problem  of  agricultural  education  in  Minnesota." 

This  report  was  approved  and  it  was  voted,  at  the  same  meet- 
ing, to  establish  a  school  of  agricuiture  in  conformity  with  these 
resolULions,  and  the  executive  commutee  was  instructed  to  erect 
a  building,  at  a  cost  net  to  exceed  $10,00'&,  as  soon  as  the  funds 
should  be  available  for  the  same. 

T-he  plan  of  organization  adopted  by  the  regents  was  substan- 
tially that  submitted  by  Dr.  Kiehle,  and  published  in  "The  Farm, 
Stock  and  Home"  in  February,  1887.  the  essential  features  of  which 
were  a  school  to  be  conducted  during  the  winter  months,  when 
the  children  of  the  farmers  would  have  leisure  to  attend;  to  take 
those  who  had  had  a  common  school  education,  and  give  them  a 
school  course  mainly  objective,  manual,  practical  and  scientific, 
which  should  fit  the  student  for  the  duties  of  life  as  a  farmer. 
The  sciiool  opened  October  18,  1888,  and  continued  until  April  17, 
1889,   the  attendance  being  47.     See  Department  of  Agriculture. 

AHRENS,  Albert  Emil— Born  November  29,  1877,  Minnesota. 
Educated  at  high  school;  medical  college;  interne,  Chicago  Hospital. 
Taught  vocal  and  instrumental  music  and  high  school  subjects 
previous  to  and  during  medical  course;  assistant  instructor,  ana- 
tomical laboratory,  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Chicago,  1902;  lec- 
turer, Hahnemann  Medical  College,  in  Anatomy.  1904-1905;  also 
seven  years  mercantile  experience.  Surgical  clinics.  University, 
1905-1907.   Address,   366   Prior  ave.,    St.   Paul. 

ALBERT  Howard  Scholarship  Fund,  The— Under  the  last  will 
and  testament  (1895)  of  Mr.  James  T.  Howard,  of  the  town  of 
St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont,  $4,166.81  was  left  to  the  University  to  es- 
tablish a  scholarship  to  be  known  as  the  "Albert  Howard  Scholar- 
ship." This  scholarship  'Is  assigned  by  the  Executive  Committee 
upon  the  recommendation  of  tne  faculty.    This  scholarship  has  been 


28  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

awarded,  as  follows:  18S5,  Alexander  P.  Anderson;  1896,  Josephine 
B.  Tilden;  1897,  May  Bestor;  1898,  Marion  Potter;  1899,  Charles 
Zeleny,  1900,  Ethel  C.  Brill;  1901,  Lillian  Cohen;  1902,  Clara  E. 
Fanning;  1903,  Daniel  J.  Lathrop;  1904,  Gertrude  E.  Ballard;  1905, 
Linda  Maley;  190G,  Ruth  J.   Sandvall;  1907,  Alice  M.   Stewart. 

ALCALA,   Catalina  de — Instructor  in  Spanish,   1892-93. 

ALDRIori,  Charles  R. — Instructor  in  shop  work  and  drawing, 
and  farm  buildings,  1892-02. 

ALDRICH,    Henry  C. — Professor   (homeopathic)    of  dermatology, 

1889-94. 

ALEXANDRIA,  Minn. — An  alumni  organization  is  maintained 
by  the  alumni  of  this  place.  Constant  Larson,  '93,  Law  '94,  presi- 
dent; May  Gibson,  '05,  secretary. 

ALICE  SHEVLIN  HALL— So  named  in  honor  of  the  wife  of  the 
donor,  Thomas  Shevlin,  was  erected  in  1906,  ttie  cost  of  the  same, 
$60,000,  being  provided  by  Mr.  Shevlin.  The  building  is  114x55  feet 
and  is  solely  for  the  use  of  the  young  women  of  the  University. 
It  is  intended  that  this  building  shall  provide  the  young  women 
students  of  the  University,  a  place  where  they  can  pass  pleasantly 
and  profitably  the  hours  they  must  spend  every  day  on  the  campus 
and  yei  not  in  class  room.  The  building  is  two  stories  and  base- 
ment. In  the  basement  are  found  kitchen  and  lunch  rooms,  toilet 
and  cloak  rooms.  The  first  floor  has  a  large  living  room,  with 
fireplace,  which  runs  through  two  stories,  together  with  an  as- 
sembly room,  several  smaller  parlors,  and  Y.  W.  C.  A.  rooms  and 
offices.  The  second  floor  provides  a  large  study  room,  a  rest 
room  with  fifteen  couches,  society  rooms,  the  offices  of  the  matron. 
The  building  was  designed  by  Ernest  Kennedy,  Ex-'88,  and  is  con- 
structed of  red  sand  mold  brick  with  terra  cotta  trimmings.  T'he 
interior  finish  varies  in  the  different  rooms  but  is  all  very  rich 
and  beautiful.  The  furnishings  of  the  building  were  provided  by 
the  Y.  W.   C.  A.,   and  the  Woman's  i^eague   and  their  friends. 

ALLEN,  Arthur  B. — Instructor  in  operative  technics,  1905  to 
date.     Germania  life  building,   St.   Paul. 

ALLEN,   E.   L. — Instructor  in  culture  and  starters,  1905  to  date. 

ALLEN,    F. — Lecturer  on  veterinary  anatomy,   1890-92. 

ALLPORT,  Frank — Clinical  professor  of  ophthalmology  and 
otology,  1888-97. 

ALPHA  DELTA  PHI — Minnesota  chapter  established  in  1892. 
Founded  at  Hamilton  College  in  1832.  1725  University  avenue 
southeast. 

ALPHA  KAPPA  KAPPA — Medical  fraternity.  Psi  chapter  es- 
tablis'-iied  1808.  Founded  at  Dartmouth  in  1S86.  502  Beacon  street 
southeast. 

ALPHA  KAPPA  PI — A  local  fraternity,  organized  in  1900  and 
which  became  Sigma  Alpha  Eps'ilon  in  1902. 

ALPHA  PHI — Epsilon  chapter  established  in  1890.  Founded  at 
Syracuse   in  1872.     1601   University  avenue   southeast. 

ALPHA  TAU  OMEGA — Gamma  Nu  chapter  established  in  1902. 
Founded  at   Richmond,   Va.,  in  1865.     1028  Sixth  street  southeast. 

ALPHA  ZETA' — LaGrange  chapter.  Agricultural  fraternity. 

ALPHA  XI    DELTA— Established  in  1907. 

ALUMNI — Graduates  of  the  University,  of  both  sexes,  who  have 
receiv<id  a  degree,  or,  a  certificate  of  completion  of  special  courses 
not  leading  to  a  degree.  Ordinarily,  and  for  the  purpose  of  alumni 
organizations,  all  persons  who  have  been  connected  with  the  Uni- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  29 

versity  are  considered  alumni.     Of  the  6,010  persons  who  have  re- 
ceived degrees,   196   have   died,   leaving  5,814   living. 

ALUMNI  ORGANIZATIONS— The  General  Alumni  Association, 
•wtiich  represents  all  colleges  and  departments  of  the  University, 
and  college  associations  which  represent  the  interests  of  their  re- 
spective colleges.  All  of  the  colleges  and  schools  of  the  University, 
except  the  graduate  school  and  the  school  of  mines,  maintain  col- 
lege  alumni   organizations. 

—The  college  of  dentistry— Edwin  F.  Wanous,  '02,  president; 
Frank  E.  Moody,  '96,  vice-president;  B.  F.  Sandy,  '02,  secretary- 
treasurer.  Representatives  on  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Gen- 
eral Alumni  Association,  Thomas  B.  Hartzell,  '93,  and  Frank  E. 
Moody,  '96. 

—The  college  of  education— President,  C.  G.  Selvig,  '07.  Repre- 
sentatives on  the  board  of  directors  of  the  General  Alumni  Associa- 
tion C.  G.   Selvig,   '07,  of  Glencoe  and  Charles  P.    Stanley,   '07. 

— The  college  of  engineering  and  the  mechanic  arts — Edward  P. 
Burch  '92,  president;  C.  H.  Chalmers,  '94,  vice-president;  Henry 
B.  Averv,  '93,  secretary;  T.  Lester  Daniel,  '00,  treasurer.  Repre- 
sentatives on  the  board  of  directors  of  the  General  Alumni  Associa- 
tion,  Euward  P.  Burch,   '92,   William  R.   Hoag,   '84. 

The  college  of  homeopathic  medicine  and  surgery— Hugh  J. 
Tunstead,  '01,  president;  George  G.  Balcom,  '96,  vice-president; 
Annah  Hurd,  Ph.  '96,  Hom.  '00,  secretary-treasurer.  Representa- 
tives on  the  board  of  directors  of  the  General  Alumni  Associa- 
tion,  A.   E.   Booth,   '99,   Oscar   K.   Richardson,   '90,   Hom.    '93. 

—The  college  of  medicine  and  surgery— Harry  Parks  Ritchie, 
•96,  president;  Jennings  C.  Litzenberg,  -94,  '99,  first  vice-president; 
George  E.  Sherwood,  '94,  second  vice-president;  Herbert  W.  Jones, 
'01,  secretary  and  treasurer.  Representatives  on  the  board  of  di- 
rectors of  the  General  Alumni  Association,  Soren  P.  Rees,  '97, 
Minneapolis,   and  Louis  P.  AVilson,   '96.   Rochester. 

—The  college  of  law— James  R.  liickey,  '94,  St.  Paul,  presiaent; 
William  T.  Coe,  '96,  vice-president;  George  F.  Porter,  '94,  secre- 
tary-treasurer. Representatives  on  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
General  Alumni  Association,  Hugh  V.  Mercer,  '94,  '97,  and  Walter 
N.  Carroll,   '95,   '96,  and  D.  C.  L.  '02. 

—The  college  of  pharmacy— C.  H.  Allen,  '07,  president;  R.  J. 
Knott,  '07,  vice-president;  J.  F.  Bolton,  '07,  secretary,  and  A.  G. 
Erkel,  treasurer.  Representatives  on  the  board  of  directors  of 
the  General  Alumni  Association,  Gustav  Bachman,  '00,  and  A.  G. 
Erkel,  '02. 

—College  of  science,  literature  and  the  arts — Fred  B.  Snyder, 
'81,  president;  Anna  L.  Guthrie,  '92,  secretary;  Frank  M.  Anderson, 
•94',  treasurer.  Representatives  on  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
General  Alumni  Association,  Henry  F.  Nachtrieb,  '82,  and  Fr_ed 
B.  Snyder,  'SI.  Organized  and  constitution  adopted  June  22,  1876. 
The  department  of  agriculture- E.  C.  Parker.  '05,  president, 
St.  Anthony  Park;  F.  W.  Cleator,  '07,  (school)  vice-president;  T. 
G.  Paterson.  '02,  (school)  secretary-treasurer,  Wayzata.  Repre- 
sentatives on  the  board  of  directors  of  the  General  Alumni  Associa- 
tion,  John  A.   Hummel,   '99,   D.   A.   Gaumnitz,   '04. 

— The  school  cf  chemistry — A  formal  organization  has  not  been 
effected  but  is  now  being  planned. 

— The   school   of   mines— See   School   of  Mines   Society. 
ALUMNI     picnic — This    is    an    annual    function    in    which    the 
alumni  of  all  departments  participate.     It  is  held  on  Wednesday  of 
com.mencement    week    on    the    University     campus.     The     plan     of 


30 


DICTIONARY   OF   THE 


holding  this  picnic  was  originated  in  1906  and  the  first  picnic  was 
held  during   commencement  weelc  of  that  year. 

AMERICAN  Chemical  Society — A  local  section  of  the  American 
Chemical  Society  for  Minnesota,  with  headquarters  at  the  Uni- 
versity. 

ANCKER,   Arthur   B.— Professor  of  hygiene,   1888-89. 

ANDERSON,  Alexander  P. — Born  at  Red  Wing,  Minn.  Prepared 
for  college  in  common  schools  of  Goodhue  county;  University,  B. 
S.,  1894;  M.  S.,  1895.  Received  his  Ph.  D.  from  University  of 
Munich  in  1897.  Did  special  work  in  Missouri  Botanical  Gardens 
for  three  months,  then  was  elected  botanist  and  bacteriologist  of 
Clemson  agricultural  college.  South  Carolina.  Came  to  the  Uni- 
versity as  assistant  professor  of  botany  in  1899,  resigned  at  end 
of  year  to  enter  business  as  an  inventor  and  research  botanist, 
in  Cnicago. 

ANDERSON,  Frank  Maloy— Born  February  3,  1871,  Omaha,  Neb. 
Educated  at  the  Minneapolis  Academy;  B.  A.,  Minnesota,  1894; 
M.  A.,  1896;  Harvard  Graduate  School  1896-97.  Employed  in  a 
variety  of  ways  while  in  school;  appointed  teacher  of  history  In 
senior  year  at  the  University,  December,  1893;  scholar  of  history, 
1893;  instructor  in  history,  1894;  assistant  professor,  1898;  profes- 
sor in  1905.  "Writings  (in  collaboration  with  Professor  Charles  L. 
Wells) — "Outlines  and  Documents  of  English  Constitutional  His- 
tory in  the  Middle  Ages  (Wilson  1«95);"  "Constitutions  and  His- 
ments  Illustrative  of  the  History  of  France  1789-1902  (Wilson 
1904);"  articles  and  reviews  in 'The  American  Historical  Review, 
The  annals  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Sci- 
ences, and  other  periodicals.  Address,  1629  University  avenue 
southeast. 

ANDREWS,  The  George  C.  Prize— Mr.  George  C.  Andrews,  M. 
E.  '87,  offers  an  annual  prize  to  the  senior  mechanical  engineers 
for  the  best  essay  on  any  subject  connected  with  heating  and 
ventilation.  The  first  prize  in  this  contest  consists  of  $50.00  in 
cash  accompanied,  by  a  suitable  medal;  the  second  prize  consists  of 
$2.0.00  in  cash  accompanied  by  a  medal.  The  winner  of  the  first 
prize  is  offered  a  position  with  the  George  C.  Andrews  Heatmg 
Company. 

ANDRIST,  Charles  M. — Born  May  22,  1868,  Roscoe,  Minn.  Com- 
mon and  district  schools;  B.  L.,  University,  '94;  M.  L.,  '97;  gradu- 
ate work  in  Sorbonne,  in  Paris,  two  seasons.  Taught  two  years 
in  country  schools  and  five  years  in  the  evening  schools  of  Minne- 
apolis. Six  years  assistant  to  general  manager,  in  Paris,  of  the 
International  Harvester  Company  of  America,  and  general  Euro- 
pean traveller  for  same  concern.  Two  years  general  traveller  for 
Deere  6c  Company,  Moline,  111.  Scholar  in  French  department. 
University,  winter  of  1894;  instructor  in  French  and  German,  1894- 
99;  assistant  professor  of  French,  1907  to  date.  Beta  Theta  PI. 
Acacia  Fi-atcrnity.   70i6  Delaware  street  southeast. 

ANGELL,  James  Rowland — Son  of  President  Angell,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan.  Born  in  1869  at  Burlington,  Vermont.  Since 
1871,  resided  'in  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan.  Attended  the  Ann  Arbor 
public  schools  and  then  entered  the  University  of  Michigan,  gradu- 
ating in  1890.  Graduate  student  at  Michigan  and  at  Harvard, 
gaining  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  Later  traveled  abroad  for 
study.  Enrolled  as  student  at  the  Unversity  of  Berlin  and  ttie 
University  of  Halle,  investigating  also  the  work  at  various  other 
institutions.  Mr.  Angell  began  his  work  at  the  University  of  Min- 
nesota as  assistant  in  psychology,  in  the  fall  of  1893  and  resigned 
in  1894  to  accept  a  position  in  the  University  of  Chicago,  where 
he  is  at  the  present  time. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  31 

ANGLE,  Edward  H.— Professor  of  histology  and  orthodontia, 
1888-lSyl. 

ANOKA-An  alumni  association  of  ^^^f  gthi^rty  3^,^,^^^?' 
President.  Kay  P.  Chase;  vice-president,  F.  J.  Sperry,  secretary, 
Marie  Atterbury;  treasurer,   Helen  R.   Gove. 

ANTHROPOLOGY  and  Ethnology  Museum— The  department  of 
soctoVoIy  has  begun  a  museum  lor  the  purpose  of  illustrating 
the  subjects  taken  up  in  that  department.  A  room  has  been  set 
Lpart  in  Folwell  half  for  the  purpose  and  the  foundation  for  a 
very  valuable  collection  has  already  been  made. 

APPLEBY  E  v.— Assistant  in  ophthalmology  and  otology.  1900- 
1902;  clinical' instructor  in  same,  1902  to  date.  Lowry  Arcade, 
St.  Paul. 

APPLEBY,  William  Remsen— Bom  in  New  Jersey.  Williams. 
•86.  Made  mining  and  metallurgy  a  ^P^cial  study  m  the  bchool 
of  Mines  at  Cornell,  '87.  Private  assistant  to  P^^^rre  de  P.  Ricketts 
E  M  Ph.  D..  Professor  of  assaying  in  the  School  of  Mines  at 
Columbia.  Assistant  in  Chemistry  in  the  College  of  Pharrnacy 
Nr^vv  York,  '89.  Accepted  a  po.-ition  in  the  New  ^ork  Oie  Milling 
and  Testing  Works;  afterward  entered  the  New  ^ork  office  of 
Messrs  Fraser  &  Chalmers,  making  mining  and  metallurpca  ma- 
chlnei  a  specialty.  Called  to  the  chair  of  Mining  and  Metallurgy 
of  thfuniTersity  of  Minnesota  '90.  Dean  of  the  school  of  mines 
from  1900  to  date.     911    Fifth  street  southeast. 

ARDLEY,  Henry  T.— Born  in  England  1850.  He  spent  his 
bovtiood  in  his  native  land,  and  was  educated  f  Eaton  and  South 
Kensington.  Mr.  Ardley  traveled  twice  around  the  globe,  and  as 
a  foreiln  correspondent  and  artist  for  leading  periodicals  he  spent 
tome  jears  in  China  and  Japan.  South  America,  and  the  Pacific 
Islands.  Lectured  extensively  on  foreign  travel  and  art  subjects 
Professor  Ardley  established  the  Northwestern  School  of  Wood 
CarA'ing  and  Design  in  this  city.  Came  to  the  University  m  1S87 
as  instructor  in  freehand  drawing,  wood  carving  and  desigri.  in 
charge  of  the  school  of  design,  as  principal,  until  his  resignation  in 
1894. 

ARENA  The — Orignally  this  society  was  devoted  mamly  to  the 
training  of' men  in  debate.  In  1902  the  plan  was  changed  in  rec- 
ognition of  the  fact  that  all  men  are  not  born  debaters  or  with  a 
desire  to  become  debaters,  and  its  scope  was  broadened  so  as  to 
include  various  lines  of  literary  activity,  making  its  scope  cultural 
rather  than  technical. 

ARIEL  The— This  was  the  first  student  publication  at  the  Uni- 
versity it  was  started  as  a  result  of  a  conversation  between 
Professor  Willis  M.  West  and  John  H.  Lewis,  both  rnen  being 
members  of  the  first  board  of  editors.  See  Ariel,  April  28,  1900. 
It  was  started  as  a  monthly,  December  1,  1877,  and  was  so  con- 
tinued until  1892,  when  it  became  a  weekly.  Its  publication  as  a 
weekly  was  continued  until  the  spring  of  1900,  the  last  number 
being  published  April  28.  It  was  succeeded  by  the  Minnesota  Daily. 
The  Ariel  was  usually  a  16 -page  and  cover  publication. 

ARMORY — This  building  was  erected  in  1896  at  a  cost  of  $75,- 
000  It  is  two  stories  high  with  basement  and  is  built  of  white 
brick  The  building  was  designed  by  Charles  R.  Aldrich  and  em- 
bodies some  of  the  features  of  old  Norman  castles,  giving  it  a  de- 
cidedly military  aspect.  It  covers  220x135  feet.  The  building  serves 
as  an  assembly  hall  for  large  University  gatherings  on  special  oc- 
casions and  for  a  diill  hall.  It  also  shelters  the  g>-mnasium  for 
both  men  and  women  and  provides  quarters  for  athletic  teams. 
It  is  provided  with  a  main  hall  which  runs  through  the  two  stories. 


32  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

with  a  gallery,  which  will  seat  4,000  persons;  and  two  wings,  one 
of  which  is  used  for  a  gymnasium  for  men  and  the  other  for 
women.      Offices    for   the    officials    who   have    their    headquarters    in 


Armor}' 

this  building  are  provided.  In  the  basement  are  baths  and  toilet 
rooms,  a  running  track  and  in  the  sub-basement  a  shooting  gal- 
lery for  target  practice. 

ARMSTRONG,  John  Milton— Born  April,  18(5,  St.  Paul.  M.  D., 
University,  1901;  laboratory  assistant,  pathology  and  bacteriology, 
1900-1901;  member  of  staff.  City  and  County  Hospital,  St.  Paul 
lYee  Dispensary;  first  assistant,  Health  Commission,  St.  Paul; 
chairman.  Library  Commission,  IMedical  Society;  member.  State 
ixeaical  Association,  American  Medical  Association.  Clinical  as- 
sistant in  Genito-TJrinary  Diseases,  University  of  Minnesota,  1905- 
date.  Author  of  book  reviews;  abstracts  and  articles  in  St.  Paul 
Medical   Journal,    1905-1907.      230   Dowry   Bldg.,    St.    Paul. 

ARNOLD,  M.  LeRoy — Instructor  in  English,  1904-06.  Graduate 
student  at  Columbia  Universitj-,  1906-08. 

ARNOLD,  L.  B. — President  of  the  American  Dairymen's  Asso- 
ciation, lecturer  on  dairy  liusbandry,  1SS2-83. 

ARRAPAHOE — An  inter-fraternity  organization  made  up  of  rep- 
resentatives of  the  following,  Chi  Psi,  Psi  Upsilon,  Delta  Igiappa 
Epsilon,    Delta    Tau    Delta,    Phi   Kappa   Psi,    Sigma   Chi. 

Artisans'    Training    School — See    College    of   engineering. 

ASTRONOMICAL  Observatory — Completed  in  1892  at  a  cost  of 
$2,266,  and  is  a  small  lime  stone  building  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  telescope,  transit  circle,  astronomical  clock,  etc.  The  equip- 
ment cost  $7,734,  making  total  cost  of  building  and  equipment 
$10,000. 

ATHLETIC  Association,  The — An  organization  Of  persons  con- 
nected with  the  University,  having  for  its  object  the  general  phy- 
sical well-being  of  the  students  and  the  encouragement  of  a  proper 
spirit  in  favor  of  hearty,   manly  sports. 

ATHLETIC  Finances — For  the  year  ending  February  1.  1907. 
Balance,  February  1,  19G6.  $8,087.69.  Receipts,  basketball,  ?1,339.- 
55;  baseball,  $633.25;  track  meets.  $283.85;  Football— Ames.  $2,534.- 
70;  Sophomore-Freshman,  $31.50;  Nebraska,  $3,506.40;  Carlisle,  $27,- 
155.13;    Chicago,    Minnesota's    share,    $11,353.75;    Indiana,    $1,727.00; 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


33 


cushion  privileges,  $20;  interest  on  bank  deposits,  $150,  miscel- 
laneous, $510.90.  Making  the  total  receipts,  $49,:i46.03  and  total 
money  available,  $57,333.72. 

Expenditures — Tennis,  Nebraska,  $69.10;  Basketball,  $881.80; 
Baseball,  $.^41.40;  Track  meets,  $48i.50;  Football,  $16,597.74  (guar- 
antees); Officials,  referees  and  umpires,  $1,407.75;  Gate  men,  ath- 
letic attendants,  and  field  work,  $1,738.63;  Salaries  a-nd  wages, 
$6,009.19;  Athletic  supplies,  $4,676.27;  Travelling  expenses,  $4,106.34; 
Incidental  expenses,  $634.40;  Piinting-  and  stationery,  $149.65;  Ad- 
vertising, $187.29.  Permanent  lmproven>ents,  $129.64.  Making  a 
.total  expenditure  of  $37,614.70.  This  leaves  a  net  balance  of  $19,- 
719.02.     The  net   earnings  of  the  year  were,   $11,631.33. 

ATHLETICS,  Control  of — The  athletics  of  the  University  are 
under  the  supervision  of  a  board  of  control  made  up  of  seven  stu- 
dent members,  two  faculty  members  and  two  alumni  members, 
'ihis  board  has  general  supervision  of  all  matter  cop/^gcted  with 
athletic  contjests  and  the  arrangement  of  the  schedules  of  games 
and  all  details  connected  with  the  same.  The  final '  authority, 
howe\er,  lodges  in  the  faculty  committee  of  five  members,  created 
in  conformity  with  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  board  of  regents, 
May  3,  1906.  By  virtue  of  the  authority  conferred  upOh  this  com- 
mittee by  the  said  resolutions,  the  committee  has  charge  of  all 
ticKets  and  other  sources  of  revenue.  An  auditing  committee,  of 
this  committee,  has  charge  of  all  expenditures  and  no  bills  can  oe 
paid  without  its  approval.  This  committee  also  is  vested  wltn 
power  to  determine  the  eligibility  of  all  candidates  for  participation 
in  athletic  contests.  The  committee  also  has  the  veto  power  over 
al!  proposed  expenditures  by  the  athletic  board  of  conti-ol.  and  of 
Northrop  field  and  all  grajidstands  thereon.  In  short,  this  com- 
mittee is  given  full  and  absolute  control  of  athletics,  subject  to 
the  revision  and  ratification  of  the  University  Council.  See.  min- 
utes of  the  board  of  regents  meeting  of  May  3,   1906. 

ATTENDANCE — The  following  is  a  statement  of  attendance,  by 
years,  since  the  opening  of  the  University  in  1868. 

1868,  72;  1869,  146;  1870,  212;  1871,  225;  1872.  265;  ■IS.'^  278;  1874, 
287-  1875,  237;  1876,  267;  1877,  304;  1878,  371;  1879,  386;  1880.  308; 
1881  271;  1882,  253;  1883,  223;  1884,  289;  1885,  310;  1886,  406;  1887, 
412;' 1888,  491;  1889,  781;  1890,  1,002;  1891,  1,183;  1892,  1,374;  189«, 
1620;  1894,  1,828.  1895.  2,171;  1896,  2,467;  1897,  2,647;  1898,  2,890; 
1899,  2,925;  1900,  3,236;  1901.  3,413;  1902,  3,656;  1903,  3,788;  1901, 
3,845;  1905,   3,790;  1906,   3.956;   1907,   4,145. 

In  1881-82,  there  were  42  students  enrolled  in  the  summer  school 
of  science;  in  1882-83,  there  were  23  enrolled,  in  1883-84.  105  were 
emolled.  During  the  same  years,  the  attendance  at  the  Farmers' 
Lecture   courses  was,   191;    281;   and  1,118. 

ATTENDANCE.    Department  of  Agriculture. 

School  College  .    daio'      short 

Men.     Women.  sciiool  course 

1888-89 47 

1889-90 7S 

18:K>-91 104 

1891-92 101  ...  3               2S 

1892-93 114  ...  7               30 

1893-94 144  ...  7               59 

1894-95 204  •59  9               90 

1895-96 223  *46  10               97 

1896-97 265  •70  14               91- 

1897-98 272  37  23  ,;    83 

1898-99 253  ■""  21               75              ... 

1899-00 327  ^  23               73 


34 


DICTIONAHY  OF  THE 


1900-01 301      86      27     101      24 

1901-02 328     122      21     114      33 

1902-03 358     123      17      82      57 

1903-04 375     147      30     106      47 

1904-«&0 3S7      143      S4      87      1)21 

1905-06 381  155  45  1U9  915 

1906-07 385  175  68  106  81 

♦Summer  courses. — ^Women  were  not  admitted  to  tjhe  regular 
courses  until  tlie  season  of  1897-98. 

ATWATER,   Isaac,  St.  Anthony— Regent  1851-1860. 

ATWATER,  John  B. — Lecturer  on  the  law  of  real  property, 
1888-89. 

AURAND,  William  Henry— Bom  June,  1875,  Oakley,  Wis.  Cen- 
tral high  school,  Minneapolis;  M.  D.,  University;  interne,  St.  Bar- 
nabas Hospital;  clinical  assistant  in  'medicine,  University,  1904  to 
date.     300  Walnut  street  southeast. 

AUSTIN,  Edward  E., — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  diseases  of 
women,    (gynecology),    1895   to  date.     Andrus  building. 

AUSTIN,  Horace,  St.  Paul — Regent,  ex-offlcio  member,  as  Gov- 
ernor of  the  State,  1870  to  January  7,  1874. 

AUSTIN,  Lloyd  B.— Instructor  in  rhetoric,  1896-98.  Now  edu- 
cational director  of  Y.  M.  C.  A.  at  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

AUSTIN,  IVlarshail  P. — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  clinical  and 
orthopedic  surgery,   1895-02. 

AZEIVIAR,  Arnold — Instructor  in  French,  1902-04.  Born  in  Eng- 
land.    Early   education   in   France   arid   New  Zealand. 

BABCOCK,  Charles  Kendrick — Instructor  in  English  and  his- 
tory, 1890-93;  instructor  in  Enghsh,  1893-94.  Graduate  of  the 
University  class  of  1889.  Now  president  of  th3  University  of  Ari- 
zona. 

BABCOCK,  Judge  P.  M. — ^Lecture  on  wills  and  administration, 
1888-89. 

BABENDRIER,  F.  A. — ^Lecturer  on  (homeopathic)  pharmacy, 
1903-04. 

BACCALAUREATE  SERVICES'— The  first  baccalaureate  ad- 
dress was  delivered  by  President  Folwell,  in  1882,  upon  "The  secu- 
larization of  education,"  and  the  following  j'^ear,  1883,  he  delivered 
the  second  address,  "The  genuine  university:  what  and  how." 
There  is  no  record  of  any  baccalaureate  service  for  1884.  In  1885 
the  custom  was  revived  and  a  service  was  held  in  the  First  Con- 
gregational Church,  the  program  having  been  arranged  by  the 
Rev.  John  L.  Scudder.  The  date  was  Sunday  evening,  June  7th, 
and  addresses  were  made  by  President  Northrop  and  Professor 
Downey,  several  other  University  professors  participated  in  the 
program,  in  various  ways.  The  following  year.  May  30th,  1886, 
a  service  was  held  and  addresses  were  made  by  Rev.  John  S.  Mac- 
intosh and  Rev.  Joseph  Anderson. 

Since  1886  the  service  has  been  held  annually  on  the  Sunday 
preceding  commencement  day.  President  Northrop  has  delivered 
the  address  for  the  following  named  years,  1887,  1888,  1889,  1891, 
1892,  1893,  1895,  1896,  1898,  1905,  1906.  The  addresses  for  the  re- 
maining years  have  been  delivered  by  the  following  named  gentle- 
men, 1890.  Bishop  Whipple;  1894,  Bishop  Charles  H.  Fowler;  1897, 
Rev.  C.  B.  Mitchell;  1899,  Dean  William  S.  Pattee;  1900,  Professor 
Frederick  J.  E.  Woodbridge,  1901,  Rev.  Leavitt  H.  Hallock;  190:i, 
Rev.  Marlon  D.  Shutter;  1903,  Rev.  William  H.  Sallmon,  president 
of  Carleton  College;  1904,  Professor  Jabez  Brooks;  1907,  Rev.  John 
W.  Powell,  '93,  the  first  alumnus  to  deliver  the  address  upon  this 
occasion. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


35 


BACH  MAN,  Gustav — Instructor  in  pharmacy  and  laboratory- 
assistant,  1903  to  date.  Member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
General  Alumni  Association. 

BACCN,  Selden.— Lecturer  on  civil  procedure,  including-  evi- 
dence, iss9-isy4. 

BAILEY,  Charles  M. — Secretary  of  the  college  and  professor  of 
prosthetic  dentistry,  1SSS-1S90;  professor  of  prosthetic  dentistry 
and  metallurgy,  1890-91;  also  orthodontia,  1891-96. 

BAINBRIDGE,  Mahlon — Superintendent  of  the  University  farm 
and  instructor  in  agriculture,   1869-1871. 

BALCOM,   St.  A.   D.,    Winona— Regent  1857-1860. 

BALL,  Charles  R — Clinical  assistant  in  mental  and  nervous 
diseases,  1897  to  date.  Endicott  Arcade,  St.  Paul. 

BALLARD,  Caswell  A.— Instructor  in  botany,  college  of  phar- 
macy,  1S93-94. 

BARBER,    J.    P. — Assistant   in   diseases   of  children,   1899-02. 

BAR.N    (on    Campus) — Erected  in   1901   at  a  cost  of  $1,200. 

BARR,  John  H.— Born  in  1861,  at  Terre  Haute,  Ind.  He  en- 
tered the  University  in  1879,  having  received  his  preparatory  in- 
struction at  Mankato.  He  graduated  with  the  class  of  '83  from 
the  mechanical  course  of  the  college  of  engineering.  For  two 
years  he  was  employed  as  mining  engineer  in  the  celebrated  "Lake 
Superior"  mines.  In  the  fall  of  1885  he  became  instructor  in  me- 
chanical engineering  at  the  University.  Made  assistant  professor 
in  1889,  and  professor  in  1890  and  resigned  in  1891  to  accept  a  posi- 
tion in  Cornell.     Now  Manager,  Smith  Premier  Typewriter  Co. 

BARTO,  Alphonso,  Long  Prairie — Appointed  regent  March  28th, 
1895,  serving  until  day  of  his  death,  November  5th,  1899.  Born 
at  Hinesburg,  Vt.  1834.  Three  years  in  Civil  war.  Came  to  Min- 
nesota in  1867.  Member  of  the  legislature  in  1871.  Lieutenant 
Governor    1873.     Register   U.    S.    Land   office,    1889-93. 

BASEBALL — Information  concerning  this  sport  is  so  meagre 
that  it  was  thought  best  to  omit  all  records  before  that  of  the 
season  of  1907.  Owing  to  the  lateness  of  the  spring  and  the  con- 
sequent difficulties  of  securing  the  proper  training  of  teams,  base- 
ball has  never  held  a  large  place  in  student  activities. 

Record  for  season  of  1907— Minnesota  vs.  east  high,  12  to  0;  vs. 
central  high,  7  to  1;  vs.  south  hig-h,  8  to  2;  vs.  north  high,  7  to  2; 
vs.  Macalester,  6  to  3;  vs.  south  high,  12  to  6;  vs.  Winnipeg,  5  to  6; 
vs.  Iowa,  5  to  0;  vs.  Notre  Dame,  0  to  5;  vs.  Winnipeg,  1  to  6;  vs. 
Nebraska,  7  to  8;  vs.  North  Dakota,  18  to  2;  vs.  Fargo  Agricultural 
College.  11  to  0;  vs.  North  Dakota,  7  to  1;  vs.  Luther  College,  2  to  6; 
vs.  Creighton  University,  8  to  5;  vs.  Chicago,  9  to  1;  vs.  Armour  In- 
stitute, 3  to  2;  vs.  Notre  Dame,  2  to  1;  vs.  Chicago,  15  to  9;  vs. 
Wisconsin,   4  to   5. 

BASKETBALL — Basketball  at  the  University,  really  began  with 
the  students  of  the  school  of  agriculture,  who  used  to  have  a 
winning  team  in  the  days  before  the  'Varsity  team  was  thought 
of.  The  first  'Varsity  team  of  which  there  is  record  is  that  of  1897- 
98.  The  fcore  cards  for  the  v.-xrious  years  tell  the  tale  of  develop- 
ment in  this  line  of  sport.  In  1901-02  the  'Varsity  team  had  a 
clear  title  to  the  college  championship  of  the  United  States  and 
since  that  time  has  been  one  of  the  teams  to  be  reckoned  with 
In  figuring  out  the  championship  of  the  country. 

1897-98 — Minnesota  vs.  Minneapolis  Y.  M.  C.  A.  triangles  6-18; 
11-5;  vs.  Alphas,  6-23;  6-13;  vs.  Coalites,  11-7;  vs.  Picked  team,  5-5; 
vs.  Macalester,  11-9. 


25  DICTIONARY   OF   THE 

1898-1899— Minesota  vs.  St.  Paul  Y.  M.  C.  A.  4-28;  9-23;  vs. 
Macale.ster,  9-7;  9-8;  vs.  Minneapolis  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  12-2;  0-2;  vs. 
School   of  Agriculture,    7-10;    9-20. 

1898-1899— Minnesota  vs.  St.  Paul  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  4-28;  9-23;  vs. 
C.  A.,  3-27;  vs.  St.  Cloud  Normal,  *7-14;  2-32;  vs.  Iowa,  4-30;  vs. 
Wisconsin,   15-18;   vs.    Superior  Normal   *26-ll;   *19-15;   7-27;   9-13. 

1900-1901 — Minnesota  vs.  Alumni,  31-2;  vs.  Carleton,  12-3;  vs. 
central  high,  27-4;  vs.  School  of  Agriculture,  17-4;  vs.  St.  Paul  Y. 
M.  C.  A.,  37-19;  vs.  W.  Superior  Normal,  23-5;  12-14;  vs.  Iowa,  38-5; 
vs.  Fargo  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  37-7;  vs.  Fargo  College,  26-5;  vs.  N.  D.  A. 
C,   24-5;  vs.  Wisconsin,  15-3. 

1901-02 — Minnesota  vs.  Alumni,  44-11;  vs.  Sophomores  13-8;  vs. 
Seniors,  18-1;  vs.  South  high,  2-0  (default);  vs.  Yale,  32-23;  vs. 
East  high,  44-4;  vs.  Central  high,  22-5;  vs.  N.  D.  A.  C,  47-7;  60-9; 
V.9.  Fargo  high  school,  50-4;  vs.  Fargo  college,  56-24;  Co.  E.,  Fond 
du  Lac,  22-16;  vs.  Nebraska,  52-9;  vs.  Wisconsin,  30-10;  vs.  Iowa, 
49-10. 

1902-03 — Minnesota  vs.  Facultj^  44-4;  Central  high,  42-6;  Grin- 
nell,  39-2;  Fargo  college,  *57-ll;  Fargo  high  school,  *41-20;  N.  D. 
A.  C,  *31-13;  Superior  normal,  *37-10;  *44-6;  Anoka  high  school, 
*37-4;   FargvO  college,   40-7;   Wisconsin,   38-11;   Nebi-aska,   41-4. 

1904-05 — Minnesota  vs.  Alumni,  36-18;  vs.  Holcomb,  61-10;  vs. 
Iowa,  49-17;  vs.  Nebraska,  21-22;  25-28;  vs.  Rochester,  *41-12;  vs. 
Washington  Continental,  *27-35;  vs.  Columbia,  *15-27;  vs.  Co.  E. 
Sclienectady,  *18-47;  vs.  Dartmouth,  *16-16;  vs.  Williams,  *ll-32; 
vs.  Ohio  State,  *27-25;  vs.  Purdue,  *34-19;  vs.  Chicago,  *22-25; 
*33-22. 

1905-06 — Minnesota  vs.  Hig-h  school,  27-11;  vs.  Macalester,  49-9; 
vs.  Holcomb,  47-12;  47-13;  vs.  Faculty,  27-11;  vs.  Illinois,  31-19; 
*27-25;  vs.  Fargo  A.  C,  36-15;  vs.  Wisconsin,  *24-31,  16-10;  vs. 
Purdue,  *27-25;  vs.  Wabash,  *16-26;  vs.  Chicago,  *31-29;  20-17;  vs. 
Nebraska,    25-16. 

1907 — Minnesota  vs.  Wisconsin,  18-11,  20-31;  vs.  Illinois,  42-3, 
36-29;  vs.  St.  Thomas,  44-6;  vs.  All-stars,  25-12;  vs.  Nebraska, 
20-19,  20-18;  vs.  Purdue,  37-26;  vs.  Chicago,  24-27,  21-10;  vs.  Stout, 
47-28. 

BASS,  Frederick  A. — Bom  in  1875,  Hyde  Park,  Mass.  Grad- 
uate in  civil  engineering,  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology. 
Four  years'  experience  as  assistant  engineer  on  public  works  of 
Massachusetts;  one  year  as  engineering  assistant  with  the  corps 
of  engineers  of  the  U.  S.  Army;  assistant  engineer  Hering  &  Ful- 
ler, of  New  York.  Instructor  in  civil  engineering,  in  charge  of 
sanitary  engineering,  1901  to  1904;  assistant  professor  of  same, 
1904  to  date.  Author  of  articles  contributed  to  the  engineering 
press.  Member  of  the  American  Public  Health  Association; 
American  Water  Works  Association;  associate  member  American 
Society  of  Civil  Engineers;  Six  O'clock  Club.  IW  Beacon  street 
southeast. 

BASSETT,  L.  B. — Instructor  in  farm  machinery,  school'  of  ag- 
riculture,   since   1907. 

BATCHELDER,  George  F.,  Faribault — Regent  January  13th, 
1861-November,   1863. 

BAUER,  George  Meander — Born  January,  1872,  Minnesota.  B.  S. 
University,  1890;  M.  S.,  1894;  Ph.  D.,  Columbia,  1900.  Teacher, 
high  school,  1894-1895;  University  of  Iowa,  1895-1898;  Instructor  in 
mathematics;.  University,  1900-02;  assistant  professor  of  mathe- 
matics, 1902-07:  professor  of  mathematics,  1907  to  date.  Author 
of  "Parallax  of  Cassiopeia  and  the  positions  of  f>G  neighboring 
stars;"     "Simpler    elements    of    analytical    geometry;"     "Plane    and 


UNrV'ERSITY  OF  MINXBSOTA. 


37 


spherical  trig-onometi-y"    (with  W.    E.    Brooke).     5034    Thirty-fourth 
avenue  south. 

BAXTER,  George  N. — Lecturer  on  common  law  and  code  plead- 
ing,   18S8-S9. 

BEACH,  Elizabeth  S. — Instructor  in  history,  1899-02.  Now  Mrs. 
Willis  M.  West,  of  this  city.  Born  in  Faribault,  Minn.,  in  1873. 
Graduate  from  Faribault  high  school  in  1891,  with  highest  honors. 
Graduate  Minnesota  in  1896,  as  valedictorian.  Phi  Beta  Kappa. 
Three  years'    experience   as   teacher   in   Faribault   high   school. 

BEACH,   John    Parsons — Assistant  professor  of  music,   1902-04. 

BEACH,  Joseph  Warren — Born,  January  14,  1880,  Gloversville. 
N.  Y.  Educated  at  Gloversville  high  school;  B.  A.,  University; 
1900;  M.  A.,  Harvard,  1902;  Ph.  D.,  1907.  Assistant  in  rhetoric' 
University  of  Minnesota,  1900-1901;  instructor  in  rhetoric  and  Eng- 
lisli.  1902-1904;  assistant  professor  of  English,  1907.  Author  of 
"Sonnets  of  the  head  and  heart;"  "Richard  Badger  Burton,"  1902. 
225B  Eighth  avenue  southeast. 

BEAR,    U.    S.'— Instructor    in    cheese    making,    1895-96. 

BEARD,  Richard  Olding— Born  December  20th,  1856,  Middlesex, 
England.  M.  D.,  Northwestern  University.  Teacher  of  physiology; 
practicing  and  consulting  physician  in  nervous  and  nutritional  dis- 
eases. Professor  of  physiology-,  University,  1889  to  date.  Author 
of    medical    and    sanitary    monographs.     812    Pillsbury    building. 

BEARDSLEY,  Arthur— 1869-72.  Member  of  the  first  University 
faculty  as  tutor.  Afterward  he  was  made  professor  of  civil  en- 
gineering   and    industrial    drawing. 

BEAUMONT,  John  F. — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  ophthalmolo- 
gy,  1888-94. 

BECK,    James    F. — Instructor    (homeopathic)    in    minor    surgery 

1897-99. 

BECKLEY,    Fred    S. — Assistant     (homeopathic)     in     g^Tlecol02-v•, 

1903-04. 

BECKMAN,  Frederick  E. — Born  in  Goettingen,  Germany,  1865. 
Received  early  education  at  the  Royal  Gymnasium.  Came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1889.  Held  a  position  in  Illinois  Trust  and  Savings  Bank 
seven  years.  Studied  romance  languages  at  Goettingen  in  1897, 
and  spent  1898  in  Spain.  Received  Ph.  D.  from  Chicago  University 
in  1899.  Came  to  I'niversity  as  instructor  in  Spanish  and  French 
in  the  fall  of  1S99.  Resigned  in  1901.  Now  in  Pomona  college, 
California. 

BEEBE,  W.  L. — Instructor  in  bacteriology,  college  of  agricul- 
ture,  1907   to   date. 

BELL,  Charles  J. — Born  Sommerville,  Mass.,  October  2.  1853. 
Son  of  Dr.  L.  V.  Bell.  Educated  in  Chauncey  Hall  School,  Boston; 
Phillips  Exeter  Academy.  1872;  Harvard,  1870;  six  years  abroad 
under  BayeT'  and  Hoffman  in  Germany.  Professor  of  chemistry, 
Pennsylvania  State  College,  several  y^ars;  fellow  at  Johns  Hop- 
kins to  1888.  Professor  of  medical  chemistry  at  LTniversity,  1888 
to  .ranuarv  3d.  1903,  the  date  of  his  death.  Married  December  3d, 
1902,    to  Miss  Ragna  Hoegh   of  Minneapolis. 

BELL,  John  W. — Professor  of  physical  diagnosis  and  diseases  of 
the  chest,  1888-1906;  emeritus  professor,  1906  to  date.  1037  Andrus 
building. 

BENJAMIN,  Arthur  E. — Born,  Dec.  19,  1868,  Hutchinson,  Minn. 
M.  D..  University;  teacher,  country  schools;  farmer,  two  years; 
clinical   Instructor   in   gynecology,    University,   since   1901;    specialist 


;J53G8G 


38  DICTIONART  OP  THE 

in  gynecology  and  surgery.  Author  of  "Appendicitis;"  "Some  prob- 
lems in  gynecological  survey."  "Inguinal  hernia;"  Ectopic  preg- 
nancy;" "Gynecological  surgery."  2222  Blaisdell  avenue.  302  Pills- 
bury   building. 

BENNETT,  Estelle  (now  Mrs.  Boot)  was  the  first  general  sec- 
retary of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  and  the  first  general  secretary 
of  a  college  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  in  the  United  States,  1896-99.  Mrs.  Boot 
now  resides  at  1943  Sherman  avenue,  ii.Vanston,   111. 

BENSON,  Jared,  Anoka — Regent  January  23d,  1861-March  4th, 
1864. 

BENTON,  Charles  William— Born,  1852,  Tolland,  Conn.  Edu- 
cated at  Normal  College,  Beyrout,  Syria;  B.  A.,  M.  A.,  Yale;  "\vest- 
ern  University  of  Penn.  Litt.  D.  University  of  Paris.  Teacher, 
high  school  New  England,  1S77-1S79.  Assitant  professor  of  French 
language  and  literature.  University,  1880-81;  professor,  1881  to 
date.  Editor,  the  Lake  Series,  Scott,  Foresman  &  Co.,  Easy 
French   plays.     516    Ninth   avenue   southeast 

BERKEY,  Charles  P. — Scholar  in  mineralogy,  1892-93;  instructor 
1893-1904.  Now  connected  with  same  department  in  the  school  of 
mines,  Columbia  University,  New  York  City.  Graduate  of  the 
University,    '92,    M.    S.,    '98,   Ph.   D.,    '97. 

.BERNHAGEN,  John  F. — Instructor  in  military  science,  1901-02. 
Graduate  of  tne  University,  class  of  1901.  Now  assistant  county 
attorney. 

BERRY,  John  IVI.,  Faribault.'— Regent  February  28th,  1860-Jan- 
uary  13th,  1861.     Appointed  regent  in  1868  but  <3eclined  to  serve. 

BERTIN,  Emma. — Born,  Saint-Quentln,  France.  Educated  at 
private  schools  in  Saint-Quentin  and  Paris,  also  Acadamie  de  Paris. 
Teacher,  private  schools  in  England,  1870-1880;  Mrs.  Cady's  school. 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  1880-84;  Judson  Institute  and  Bennett  Semi- 
nary%  1884-1893;  instructor,  University  of  Minnesota,  1893  to  date. 
1223    Fourth    street   southeast. 

BETA  THETA  PI.— Beta  Pi  chapter  established  in  1889.  Found- 
ed at  Miami  University  1839.     1625  University  avenue  southeast. 

BIBLE  SECRETARY  for  Students — The  Baptist,  Congregation- 
al, Methodist  and  Presbyterian  churches  have  united  to  make  their 
influence  felt  upon  the  religious  life  of  the  University  and  have 
practically  determined  to  support  a  Bible  secretary  who  is  to  co-op- 
erate with  the  Young  Men's  and  Young  Women's  Christian  Associa- 
tions of  the  University.  It  is  expected  that  the  one  chosen  to  fill 
this  place  will  have  charge  of  the  religious  work  of  these  bodies 
and  win  be  able  to  give  direction  and  force  to  the  work  undertaken 
by    them. 

BISHOP  GILBERT  SOCIETY,  The— This  society  was  organized 
by  the  Episcopal  students  in  1906.  Its  purpose  is  to  promote  the 
interests  of  the  Episcopal  church  among  ttie  students  of  the  Unl- 
vers'ity  and  to  draw  together  in  bondiS  of  friendship  and  for  mutual 
helpfulness,  the  students  of  the  University  who  are  connected  with 
that  church.  This  society  is  accustomed  to  provide  lectures  during 
the  year  and  maintains,  with  the  assistance  of  the  denomination, 
a  student  pastor.  The  present  pastor  is  Stanley  S.  Kilbourne,  '03, 
A  club  house  for  this  society  is  to  be  erected  near  the  campus  In 
the  immediate  future.  The  cost  will  be  about  $20,000.00  and  a 
student  pastor,  the  Rev.  Stanley  S.  Kilbourne,  '03,  is  to  be  in 
charge. 

BLACK,  Captain  Mahlon — Regent  from  January  22nd,  1855  to 
February  14th,  1860.  Captain  Black  was  born  in  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,    October    4th,    1820.      He    died,    in    Minneapolis,    October    25th, 


UNTVBRSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


39 


1901.  He  was  member  of  the  old  first  Minnesota  and  lost  his 
health  while  serving  in  the  army.  He  wa^  an  invalid  for  nearly 
twenty-five  years  before  his  death.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  the 
spring  of  1842  and  wa^  the  first  white  man  to  take  up  a  claim  on 
the  site  of  what  is  now  tlie  c'ity  of  Winona.  He  had  studied  sur- 
veying and  took  up  the  work  of  "cruising"  for  lumber  companies 
and  became  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  widely  known  lumber- 
men of  the  northern  part  of  Minnesota.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
first  territorial  legislature,  also  a  member  of  the  third  and  of  the 
last  territorial  legislatures.  Captain  Black  surveyed  and  platted 
the  town  of  St.  Anthony,  now^  east  Minneapolis.  He  was  married 
September  17th,  1850,  to  Miss  Jane  M.  Stough,  a  daughter  of  one 
of  the  pioneer  residents  of  St.  Anthony.  He  enlisted  as  a  private 
and  rose  from  that  rank  to  the  rank  of  captain  by  sheer  force 
of  merit.  The  friends  who  helped  Captain  Black  and  his  wife 
celebrate  their  golden  wedding,  in  190O,  represented  practically 
all  of  the  survivors  of  the  territorial  days  of  the  state.  His  fu- 
neral was  held,  at  his  request,  under  the  auspices  of  the  G.  A.  R., 
and  the  pall  bearers  were  members  of  the  old  First  Minnesota. 
See  Weekly  November  4th,  1901. 

BLACKSTONE — A  law  literary  society  organized  in  1899. 

BLAIR,    Margaret — Instructor    in    sewing,    1896-03;     sewing    and 
household  art,   1903   to  date.     St.   Anthony  Park,   Minn. 

BLISS,   Gilbert  Ames — Instructor  in  mathematics,  1900-03. 

BLOCK,  E.  Bates — Demonstrator  of  pathology  and  bacteriology, 
18!i7-98. 

BOARDMAN,  Charles  H. — ^Professor  of  medical  jurisprudence, 
1SS8-90. 

BOARD  OF  CONTROL,  The^The  act  of  1901,  creating  the  state 
board  of  control,  was  not  primarily  designed  to  include  the  educa- 
tional institutions  of  the  state.  In  the  fight  against  the  whole 
proposition,  an  amendment  was  proposed  to  the  bill,  making  it 
include  the  educat'ionar  institutions  of  the  state  in  its  provisions. 
Greatly  to  the  surprise  of  those  who  were  opposing  the  bill,  and 
who  hoped  thus  to  defeat  it,  the  bill  was  passed  and  became  a  law, 
Th3  bill,  as  it  was  passed,  was  believed  to  be  unconstitutional  by 
all  friends  of  the  University,  since  the  title  was  not  amended  to  In- 
clude the  educational  'institutions.  No  attempt  was  made  by  the 
board  of  control  to  assert  its  authority  over  the  University.  The 
regents,  for  two  years,  continued  in  undisputed  control.  The  nor- 
mal schools,  in  like  state  with  the  University,  voluntarily  waived 
their  technical  right  under  the  law  and  placed  themselves  under 
the  supervision  of  the  board  of  control.  In  a  short  time,  friction 
arose  over  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of  those  schools,  and 
the  normal  board  attempted  to  withdraw  from  the  position  into 
which  it  had  voluntarily  put  itself.  The  case  was  taken  into 
the  courts,  and  a  ruling  was  secured  which  declared  the  educa- 
tional institutions  of  the  state  "charitable"  in  tliieir  nature  and 
the  law  was  held  to  be  constitvitional.  Still  no  attempt  was 
made  to  bring  the  TTniversity  under  the  supervision  of  the  board 
of  control.  The  legislature  met  and  an  attempt  was  made  to  have 
the  University  released  from  such  control  by  a  special  act  specin- 
cany  declaring  such  -freedom  for  the  University.  A  combination 
of  Interests  which  desired  to  use  the  University  to  secure  their 
own  release  from  board  of  control  supervision,  managed  to  pre- 
vent the  passage  of  this  act.  When  the  legislature  of  1903  ad- 
journed without  affording  the  desired  relief,  the  board  of  regents, 
made  overtures  to  the  board  of  control  and  the  board  assumed  the 
pariial    control    given    it    under    the    law.      This    control    extended 


40 


DICTIONARY   OF   THE 


only  over  the  purctiase  of  supplies,  the  purchase  of  fuel  and  plac- 
ing of  insurance,  the  erection  of  new  building-s,  Tnis  dual  control 
could  result  in  but  one  outcome,  unsatisfactory  conditions  all 
around.  After  a  two  years'  trial  conditions  were  such  as  to  make 
further  continuation  of  the  arrangement  wholly  intolerable.  The 
legislature  of  1905,  by  a  practically  unanimous  vote,  afforded  the 
long-sought  relief  and  the  University  again  came  back  under  the 
sole  supervision  of  the  board  of  regents,  save  in  the  matter  of 
placing  insurance,  purchase  of  fuel  and  tlie  erection  of  new  build- 
ings; 'in  all  these  matters  the  board  of  control  still   has   control. 

For  further  'information  on  this  matter  see  the  "Weekly,  fall 
and  winter  numbers,  of  1904-05,  during  the  session  of  the  legisla- 
ture. 

BOARD  OF  REGENTS'— The  revised  statutes  of  1894  say — "The 
government  of  the  University  shall  be  vested  in  a  board  of  twelve 
(12)  regents,  of  which  the  Governor  of  the  State,  the  State  Sup- 
erintendent of  Public  Instruction,  and  the  President  of  the  Uni- 
versity, shall  be  members  ex-offlcio,  and  the  nine  (9)  remaining 
members  thereof  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate.  "Whenever  a  vaca.ni;y 
therein  occurs,  for  any  cause,  the  same  shall  be  filled  for  the  un- 
expired term  in  the  same  manner.  After  the  expiration  of  the 
term  of  the  members  of  the  present  board  of  regents,  their  suc- 
cessors $ha!l  be  appointed  in  a  like  manner  and  snail  hold  their 
office  for  the  full  term  of  six  (6)  years  from  the  first  (1st)  "Wed- 
nesday of  March  succeeding  their  appointment,  and  imtil  their 
successors  are  appointed  and  qualified.  The  president  of  the 
University  shall  be  ex-oflicio  the  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
board   of   regents." 

Ex-oflicio  members— Cyrus  Northrop.  TjL.D.,  Minneapolis,  The 
President  of  the  University;  John  A.  Johnson,  St.  Peter,  The  Gov- 
ernor of  the  State;  John  "W.  Olsen,  Albert  Lea,  The  State  Superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction. 

Appointive  membersi — .Tames  T.  Wyman,  Minneapolis,  1908,  The 
President  of  the  Board;  S.  G.  Comstock.  Moorhead,  190«,  Thomas 
"Wilson,  St.  Paul,  1909,  A.  E.  Rice.  AVillmar,  1909,  B.  F.  Nelson, 
Minneapolis.  1910,  Pierce  Butler,  St.  Paul.  1910,  Daniel  R.  NoyeS,  St. 
Paul,  1910.  S.  M.  Owen.  Minneapolis,  1913,  "W.  J,  Mayo,  Rochester, 
1913,  C.  D.  Decker,  Minneapolis,  Secretary  but  not  a  member  of 
the   board. 

BOND,   Charles   E. — Instructor  in  justice  court  practice,   1897-98. 

BOOTH,  Albert  Edwin — Born  September  30th,  1871,  at  Pater- 
son,  N."^  J.,  Tracy  high  school,  freshman  and  sophomore  work  at 
Hamllne  University;  University  college  of  homeopathic  medicine 
and  surgery,  1899.  Some  experience  in  common  schools  of  state 
as  teacher;  dispensary  assistant  1897;  lecturer  on  surgical  emer- 
gencies, 1899-1903;  lecturer  on  orthopedia.  1903-04;  professor  of 
orthopedia  1904-date.  Clinical  surgeon  homeopathic  free  dispen- 
sary T^niversity;  surgical  staff  of  the  Minneapolis  city  hospital; 
medical  examiner  for  the  Penn  Mutual  Life  insurance  Co.,  the  Na- 
tional T-ife  Association  of  Des  Moines,  la.,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  others; 
member  of   the   city  and   state   medical   societies. 

BOSS,  Andrew — Born  June  ;id,  1867,  Wabasha  Co.,  Minn.  Edu- 
cated m  common  schools,  school  of  .agriculture:  assistant  instruc- 
tor and  professor.  School  and  College  of  Agriculture,  T'^niversity  of 
Minnesota.  Division  of  Agriculture  and  Animal  Husbandry.  1894- 
'02:  nssnciate  profes.sor  of  airricultnre,  1902-05,  professor  of  agri- 
culture and  animal  husbandrv  since  1905.  Author — Exper'iment 
Statibn-tlRAlletins  31  and  62;  United  States  Dept.,  of  Agriculture, 
Parmers  Biilletin  no.  83;  contributor  to  Bailey's  Encyclopedia  of 
Agriculture.     1443  Raymond  avenue,   St.  Anthony  Park,   St.  Paul. 


UNIVERSITY  OP  MINNESOTA.  41 

BOSS,  William — Instructor  in  carpentry  and  engineering  (power 
machinery)  school  of  agriculture,  1895  to  date;  'instructor  in  farm 
structures,  also,  1904-1907;  professor  of  farm  structures  and  farm 
mecnanics,    1907   to   date.      St.    Anthony   Park,    Minn. 

BOSTON,  Mass. — New  England  Association  of  Minnesota  Al- 
umni— Organized  May  31st,  1907.  Fred  L.  Barawell,  '81,  president 
and  A.  E.  Stene,  Ag.  '97,  secretary.  Mr.  Bardwell  is  to  be  aa- 
dressed  care  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  and  M'r.  Stene,  care  of  the  Rhode  Island  College, 
Kingston,    R.   I. 

BOTANICAL  PLANT  HOUSE — This  was  built  and  equipped 
in  1906  at  a  cost  of  i^lO.OOO.  It  consists  of  five  connected  glass 
houses  covering  a  ground  area  of  about  3,700  square  feet,  and  an 
adjoining  v.  ork  room  17x25  feet,  with  basement  of  same  size. 
The  various  houses  are  maintained  at  different  temperatures  to 
meet  the  needs  of  the  various  plants  cared  for.  The  Xerophitic 
house  (25  X  25  ft.)  provides  for  the  culture  of  cacti,  euphonbias 
and  other  succulent  and  'heat  loving  plants;  the  palm  house  (28 
X  33  ft.)  has  a  gable  height  of  18  feet,  and  provides  for  palms, 
cycads,  tree  ferns  and  bamboos;  the  temperate  liouse  provides  for 
the  common  plants  familiar  as  house  plants;  the  aquatic  house 
(18  X  3o  ft.)  contains  a  large  cement  tank  for  water  lilies,  papyrus 
and  other  aquatics  and  a  bog  for  the  culture  of  pitcher  plants, 
Venus  fly  traps,  and  sundews;  this  house  contains  many  portable 
tanks  for  the  culture  of  smaller  aquatics,  and  many  perching 
orchids  occupy  hanging  baskets  in  this  house;  the  lily  house  (18 
X  33  ft.)  is  devoted  largely  to  lilies,  amaryllids  and  other  plants 
requiring  similar  cultural  conditions.  It  is  expected  that  in  time 
provision  will  be  made  to  make  the  part  of  the  campus  about 
the  plant  house  a  botanical  garden  and  that  further  provision 
w'ill  be  made  for  a  laboratory  greenhouse  for  the  use  of  the  de- 
partment oi  botany. 

BOTANICAL  STUDENTS'  JOURNAL  CLUB,  The— is  an 
organization  of  juniors,  seniors  and  graduate  stvidents,  of  the 
department  of  botany,  for  the  review  of  current  botanical  litera- 
ture. 

BOTANY  MUSEUM — The  general  herbarium  numbering  about 
2o,000  specimens  and  comprising  the  series  of  plants  collected  by 
the  state  botanist;  an  alcoholic  collection  of  material  for  dissec- 
tion; a  collection  of  woods  of  Minnesota;  a  limited  series  of  car- 
boiKferous  and  cretaceous  fossil  plants,  including  the  Lesquereaux 
collection   from   the   Minnesota  River   localities. 

BOTHNE,  Gisle  Christian  Johnson — Born  September  7,  1860, 
Prederickshald,  Norway.  Educated  in  gymnasium  of  Frederick- 
.s-haid;  I>uth,er  College,  Decorah,  Iowa,  1878;  Noithwestern  Univer- 
sity, Watertown.  Wis.,  1S79.  also  .Johns  TToplvins;  one  year  in 
Europe.  Head  professor  of  Greek  and  Scandinavian,  Luther  Col- 
lego.  1SS1-1907;  associate  professor  of  Scandinavian,  T'^niversity  of 
Minnesota,  May,  1907;  head  of  department,  Octooer,  190)7.  Son 
of  Professor  Thrond  .1.  Bothne.  a  well-known  Norwegian  scholar 
and  writer.  Author  of  History  of  Uuther  College.  1897;  contribu- 
tions to  the  Norwegian  papers  in  the  I'nitiMl  Suites;  "Language 
of  Modern  Norway"  in  publications  of  the  Modem  Language  Asso- 
ciation. 

BOUTELL,  Fannie  C. — Pr?ceptress  of  the  school  of  agricul- 
ture,   lOO.'j   to   date.     Also   instructor   in   English   and  social   culture. 

BOWEN,  Edgar  C,  Capt.,  U.  S.  A.-— Professor  of  military  sci- 
ence  and    ra.  tics,    1881-83. 


42  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

BOW  EN,  James — Instructor  in  horticulture  and  superintendent 
of  the  horticultural  department.  Born  in  Bodenham,  England, 
October  3,  1843.  He  was  apprenticed  at  an  early  age  at  the  New 
botanical  gardens  of  which  his  uncle  was  manager.  After  serv- 
ing his  apprenticeship  he  went  to  Dublin,  where  he  had  charge  of 
the  government  gardens.  In  1875  he  came  to  Chicago,  and  for  six 
years  had  the  management  of  the  Chicago  botanical  gardens.  In 
1881,   he  became  connected  with  the  University.  Died  May  20,  1883. 

BOYS'  DORMITORY— This  building  was  erected  for  the  school 
of  agriculture  in  1903,   at  a  cost  of  $40,000. 

BRACKEN,  Henry  Martyn— Born  February  27th,  1854,  at  Nobel- 
town,  Pa.  Early  education  in  public  schools  and  Eldersridge  Acad- 
emy. Medical  departments  of  the  Universities  of  Michigan,  Col- 
umbia, and  Edinborough.  Professor  of  materia  medica  and  thera- 
peutics from  1888  to  1907.  Professor  of  preventive  medicine  1907-. 
Author  of  Outline  of  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacology;  Thera- 
peutic Notes;  Disinfection  and  Disinfectants;  Numerous  papers 
In  various  publications  upon  medical  and  sanitary  topics.  1010 
Fourth   street  southeast. 

BRADY,  W.  J. — Demonstrator  in  charge  of  the  dental  infirmary 
and   technical  teaching,   188-8-1890. 

BRAZIE,  Henry  W. — Born  in  Ohio,  in  1845.  Graduate  of  Grand 
River  College,  '61.  Served  in  tne  war,  and  was  discharged  as 
captain.  Graduate  of  Cleveland  Homeopathic  College,  1871.  Presi- 
dent of  the  State  Lunacy  Board,  and  Chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Health  of  Minneapolis.  One  of  the  founders  of  the  Minnesota 
homeopathic  medical  college  in  1SS6.  Secretary  of  the  college  of 
homeopathic  medicine  and  surgery,  from  its  establishment,  in  1888 
to  1892,  dean  1892-93.  Professor  of  paedology.  Resigned  in  1893. 
In  active  practice  in  Minneapolis  at  the  present  time. 

BREDA,  O.  J.— Bom  at  Horton,  Norway,  in  1853.  In  1870  he 
passed  the  first,  and  in  1871  the  second  examination  at  the  Royal 
University  of  Christiania,  and  there  commenced  the  study  of 
classical  philology.  In  1873  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  en- 
tered the  German  Concordia  Seminary,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where 
he  pursued  the  study  of  theology  till  the  summer  of  1875.  He 
then  took  charge  of  a  Norwegian  Lutheran  congregation  in  St. 
Paul,  Minn.  Two  years  later  he  resigned  this  charge  and  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Norwegian  Lutheran  College  at  Decorah,  Iowa.  Be- 
fore entering  upon  his  new  duties  he  spent  two  years  studying 
classical  and  modern  pbilology  at  the  University  of  Christiania. 
From  1879  to  1882  he  taught  Latin  and  Norwegian  in  the  Lutheran 
College,  and  then  resigned  and  returned  to  Norway.  After  an- 
other year  spent  at  the  University  of  Christiania,  he  was  appointed 
to  a  position  in  the  Gymnasium  of  Skien,  Norway,  which  he,  tiow- 
ever,  resigned  upon  being  tendered  the  newly  created  professorship 
of  Scandinavian  languages  and  literatures  in  the  University.  With 
the  permission  of  the  regents  in  this  institution  he  spent  another 
year  in  Christiania,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  here  in  the  fall 
of  1884.  Besides  meeting  all  the  duties  Incumbent  upon  the  head 
of  the  Scandinavian  department.  Professor  Breda  had  sucess- 
ful  charge  over  many  classes  in  Latin.  As  a  lecturer.  Professor 
Breda  was  in  great  demand.  In  1884,  when  he  came  to  the  Uni- 
versity he  organized  a  volunteer  corps  of  cadets  and  aroused  much 
enthusiasm  among  the  students  in  this  line  of  work. 

BREN,  Joseph  D. — Born  January  27th,  1874,  at  Hopkins,  Minn. 
Early  education  in  public  schools  of  Hopkins;  Minneapolis  Central 
high  school;  three  years  at  the  University.  General  business  ex- 
perience. Chief  accountant  July  1899  to  1902.  Cashier  1902  to  date. 
2438   Grand  avenue. 


UNIVERSITY  OP  MINNESOTA. 


43 


BREWER,    Flora   E.i— Instructor  in  Latin,  1897-98. 

BREWER,  William  H. — Professor  of  agriculture  in  Tale,  lec- 
turer on  stock  breeding,   1882-83. 

BREWSTER,  Florence — ^Librarian  of  the  school  of  agriculture, 
1892-1900. 

BREWSTER,  Henry  Webb — Instructor  in  mathematics,  school 
of  agriculture,  1890-92;  assistant  principal  and  assistant  professor 
of  mathematics,  1892-93;  in  charge  of  the  school,  1893-94;  princi- 
pal of  school  of  agriculture  and  professor  of  mathematics,  1894- 
1900.     154   Higgins  avenue,   Chicago,   111. 

BRIGGS   MEDAL,   The — See  Briggs  prize  in  foundi-y  practice. 

BRIGGS  PRIZE  IN  FOUNDRY  PRACTICE— For  the  encourage- 
ment of  studies  in  foundry  practice,  Mr.  O.  P.  Briggs,  Commis- 
sioner of  the  National  Foundrymen's  Association,  Detroit,  Mich., 
offers  $75  annually,  in  two  prizes,  which  are  to  be  accompanied 
by  gold  medals.  The  competition  is  open  to  sophomores  in  the 
college  of  engineering,  and  the  prize  awarded  for  the  best  essay 
relative  to  the  subject.  No  prize  will  be  awarded  if  less  than 
five  essays  are  submitted  in  competition.  Essays  contain  about 
3,000  words,  and  must,  be  submitted  to  the  professor  of  rhetoric 
on  or  before  May  1st  of  each  year.  Awarded  to  C.  F.  Bohm,  1st 
and  H.  V.  Fuller,  2nd,  in  1902;  to  R.  A.  Lundquist,  1st  and  Robert 
Morris,  2nd,  1903;  H.  C.  Estep,  1st,  and  S.  G.  Harwood,  2nd,  with 
honorable  mention  for  T.  C.  Morris.     Not  awarded  1904,  '0'5,  '06,  '07. 

BRIGGS,  Warren  S. — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  clinical  sur- 
gery, 1888  to  date;  now  senior  professor  of  same.  Etnst  building, 
St.  Paul. 

BRIM  HALL,  John  B. — Clinical  instructor  in  orthopedic  surgery 
1902  to  date.     Moore  building,   St.  Paul. 

BRIM  HALL,  S.  D. — ^Lecturer  on  veterinary  surgery  and  materia 
medlca,    1890-92. 

BROOKE,  William  Ellsworth — Bom  October  7th,  1870,  at  Minier, 
111.  B.  C.  E.  University  of  Nebraska,  1892;  M.  A.  '96;  graduate  work 
at  the  University  of  Chicago.  Taught  in  the  University  of  Ne- 
braska for  three  years;  Omaha  high  school  four  years;  instructor 
in  mathematics,  University  1901-05;  assistant  professor,  1905  to 
date.  Member  of  the  American  Mathematical  Society;  member  of 
Circolo  Mathematico  di  Palermo;  member  of  the  Society  for  the 
Promotion  of  Engineering  Education;  Sigma  Xi;  Sigma  Zeta. 
Author  of  Plane  and  Spherical  Trigonometry  (with  G.  N.  Baiuer). 
405  Oak  street  southeast. 

BROOKS,  Jabez — Born  September  18th,  1823,  England.  Ele- 
mentary education  in  English  schools;  Rock  River  Seminary,  Mount 
Morris  111.;  Wesleyan  University,  Middleton,  Conn.;  B.  A.,  1850; 
M.  A.,  1853;  D.D.,  1864.  Teacher,  private,  district  and  classical 
schools,  preparatory  school  and  college;  University  of  Minnesota, 
1869  to  date.  Member  of  Normal  School  Board;  Agricultural  College 
Board;  president,  Minnesota  Educational  Association;  president  of 
Haml'ine  University,  8  years.  Author  of  Introduction  to  Attic  Greek. 
1708  Laurel  avenue. 

BROOKS,  L.  May — Assistant  in  library  since  1898,  cataloger. 
1708  Laurel  avenue. 

BROWN,  Edna  Jeraidine  (Mrs.  S.  W.  Batson). — General  secre- 
tary of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  1905-06.  Mrs.  Batson  now  lives  at  2722 
Park  avenue,   in  this  city. 

BROWN,  Edward  J. — Acting  professor  of  materia  medlca  and 
pharmacology,   1907  to  date.   Syndicate  block. 


44 


DICTIONARY   OF   THE 


BROWN,  Frederick  V. — Lecturer  on  chattel  mortgages,  1897- 
1900.     Judge  of  the  district  court  of  Hennepin  county. 

BROWN,  John  C. — Born  August  30,  1876,  Carthage,  Mo.  Edu- 
cated in  Carthage  high  sctoool;  University  of  Minnesota;  Stanford 
University,  1899.  Teacher,  high  school,  FuUerton,  Cal. ;  San  Diego, 
Gal.,  Normal  school;  demonstrator  in  zoology,  Hopkins  Seaside 
Station,  1898-1899.  Instructor  in  zoology  and  comparative  anat- 
omy, University,  1900-'07;  assistant  professor  of  animal  biology, 
1907    to   date.    934   Fifteenth   avenue   southeast. 

BROWN,  Rome  G. — Born  June  15,  1862.  A.  B.  Harvard,  mag- 
num cum  laude.  Admitted  to  bar,  Vermont,  1887.  Practicing  law- 
yer. Special  lecturer  on  water  rights,  college  of  law,  1907  to  date. 
1918   Queen  avenue   south. 

BRUDE,  Julia — Instructor  in  sweet  curd  cheese  work,  1902-05. 

BRYANT,    Charles    S.— St.    Peter— Regent   1870-1875. 

BUCKHAM,    Thomas   S.— Faribault— Regent   1876-1887. 

BULL,  Alvah  M. — Instructor  in  drawing  and  farm  buildings, 
1904  to  date. 

BULL,  Coates  Preston — Bol-n  Oct.  11,  1872,  Edina  Mills,  Minn. 
Educated  in  common  schools,  school  of  agriculture,  University; 
Teacher  and  experimenter;  assistant  in  agronomy,  Illinois  College 
and  Station,  Urbana,  111.,  1901;  assistant  in  agriculture,  University, 
1902;  assistant  professor  of  agriculture  in  College  of  Agriculture 
and  assistant  agriculturist,  Minnesota  Experiment  Station,  1907  to 
date.  Author  of  press  bulletins;  press  articles;  bulletin  on  corn 
breeding  now  in  press;  treatise  on  flax,  Bailey's  American  Encyclo- 
pedia of  Agriculture;  bulletin  on  bromus  inermis  and  bulletin  on 
flax  now  in  preparation.   2137  Commonwealth  avenue,   St.  Paul. 

BUNN,  Charles  W.— Lecturer  on  suretyship,  mortgages  and 
practice  in  the  United  States  Courts.  1888-1895.  From  1904  to  date, 
special  lecturer.     General  counsel  for  the  N.  P.  Ry. 

BURCH,  Edward  P. — Assistant  in  physics,  1890-91.  Graduate 
of  the  college  of  engineering,  1892,  now  consultinig  engineer  in  the 
city.  Member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  General  Alummi  As- 
sociation. 

BURCH,  Frank  E. — Clinical  assistant  in  diseases  of  eye  and  ear, 
1907    to   date.      Lowry   Arcade,    St.    Paul. 

BURGAN,  J.   H.'— Assistant  in  dermatology,  1899-00. 

BURGER,  C.  C. — Assistant  in  chemistry,  experiment  station, 
1890-91. 

BURGESS,  Amelia  \. — Instructor  in  freehand  drawing,  1891-1901. 
Now  Mrs.   Leo  M.   Crafts,   of  this  city. 

BURGESS,  Florence  E. — Registrar's  oflfice,  assistant,  since  1906. 
B.   A.,   University,    1906.     814   Fourth   street   southeast. 

BURKHARD,  Oscar  C— Instructor  in  German,  190i2-190i6;  leave 
of  absence,  studying  in  Europe,  1906-0i8. 

BURT,  David,  St.  Paul — Regent,  ex-ofHcio  1875-1881,  superin- 
tendent  of  public   instruction. 

BURTON,    Frank — Demonstrator  of  anatomy,  1891-92. 

BURTON,  Richard— Born  March  14th,  1859,  at  Hartford,  Conn. 
A.  B.  Trinity;  Ph.  D.  Johns  Hopkins.  Taught  \01d  English  at 
Johns  Hopkins;  professorial  lecturer,  University  of  Chicago;  chair 
of  English,  University,  1898-1902;  1906  to  date;  has  been  managing 
editor  of  the  New  York  Churchman;  literary  editor  of  the  Hart- 
ford Courant;  associate  editor  of  Warner's  Library  of  the  World's 
Best    Literature.      Has    published    five    volumes   of    verse    and    four 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  45 

of  pi-ose,  the  latest,  1907-08.  "The  Evolution  of  the  Modern 
Novel"  and  a  vblume  of  lyrics,  "Peace  on  Earth.''  Member  of  the 
Boston  Authors'  Club;  New  York  Authors'  Club;  Delta  Kappa  Ep- 
silon;  American  Modern  Laiiguage  Association.  The  Hampton, 
2109   Blaisdell  avenue. 

BUSH,  Ethel  Estelle — Bom  at  Dover,  Minn.,  In  1882.  Dover 
grades  and  hig'h  school;  Winona  normal  school;  partial  course  at 
University;  assistant  instructor  in  English,  school  of  agriculture, 
since  1900.     1119   Sixth   street   southeast. 

BUSSEY,  William  Henry— Born  October  24th,  1879,  Chicago. 
Finished  the  Chicago  public  schools  in  '96;  A.  B.,  Northwestern 
University,  '00;  M.  A.,  Harvard,  '02;  Ph.  D.,  Chicago,  '04;  Taught 
in  the  University  of  Chicago  summer  schools  of  1903,  '04;  in  acad- 
emy of  Nortli-western  University,  '04-'05;  Barnard  College,  Columbia 
University,  '05-'07.  Assistant  professor  of  mathematics,  1907  to 
date.  Author  of  Generational  relations  for  the  abstract  group 
simply  isomorphic  with  the  group;  Finite  projective  geometries; 
Galois  field  tables.  Fellow  in  iiiathematics.  University  of  Chicago, 
1902-04.   728   Fourth   street  southeast. 

BUTLER,  Pierce,  St.  Paul — Appointed  regent  June  15th,  1907. 
Term  expire.s  March,  1910.  Born  in  Dakota  county,  Minn.,  March 
17th,  1866;  graduated  from  Carleton  College,  1887;  studied  law  in 
St.  Paul,  assistant  county  attorney,  Ramsey  county,  '91-'93;  county 
attorney,  '93-'97;  general  practice,  '97-'99;  firm  of  How  &  Butler; 
general  attorney  for  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  '00-'0'5;  member  of  firm 
of  How,  Butler  &  Mitchell;  member  of  the  board  of  directors  of 
St.  Paul  public  library;  president  of  the  Ramsiey  county  bar  asso- 
ciation.     Fire   &   Marine   building,    1347    Summit  street,    St.    Paul. 

BUTNER,  Anna  M. — Instructor  in  physical  culture  for  women, 
since   IhOO.     1915   Portland   avenue. 

BUTTERS,  Frederic  K.,  M.  S. — Instructor  in  botany  and  prac- 
tical pharmacognosy,    1901    to   date.    815   Seventh  street  south. 

CADY,  LeRoy — Born  January  9th,  1879,  at  Buffalo,  Mmn. 
School  of  agriculture,  1900;  college  of  agriculture,  1907;  taught  'in 
school  of  agriculture  1903  to  date;  college  of  agriculture,  1906  to 
date.  Department  of  horticulture,  experiment  station;  appointed 
assistant  horticulturist  1907.  Address,  experiment  station,  St.  An- 
thony   Park,    Minn. 

CAHILL,    Thomas — Instructor   in  rhetoric,   1905-1907. 

CAINE,    W.    A. — Deeturer    (homeopathic)    medicine   and    surgerv, 

1901-02. 

-  CALAIS,  Albert  I.— Instructor  in  French,  1895-98.  Descended 
frOm  a  Hugtienot  family,  a  native  of  Normandy,  ana  a  graduate  of 
the  University  of  France.  Sen-ed  in  the  Fi-anco-German  war, 
later  went  to  Hingland  where  his  ready  command  of  English  se- 
cured for  him;  important  posts  at  Brighton,  Stony  Stratford,  and 
later  at  Wellington,  a  Royal  college  which  prepares  students  for 
tne  army  and  for  the  universities.  There  he  became  'instructor  to 
several  members  of  the  royal  family  of  England,  was  offered  a 
life  tenure.  Declining  this  offer,  however,  he  accepted  the  chair 
of  French  Language  and  Diterature  at  the  University  of  Adelaide. 
South  Australia,  which  he  held  for  six  years.  Author  of  a  number 
of  text  books  on  French. 

CALHOUN,  Frederick  D. — Instructor  in  rhetor'ic,  1905-07.  Grad- 
uate of  tlie  University,  class  of  1907.  Now  in  business  in  Seattle, 
Wash. 

CAMERA  CLUB,  The— An  organization  of  instructors  and  stu- 
dents interested  in  photography  and  photographic  chemistry.  Close- 
Iy,.identifled  with   thq   department  of  chemistry. 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE 


The  heavy  lines  around  blocks  across  University  avenue  from 
the  campus  indicate  property  which  It  was  hoped  could  be  pur- 
chased. There  is  no  hope  of  securing  these  blocks  in  the  near 
future  and  it  is  hardly  probable  that  the  money  available  for  the 
purpose  will  allow  of  the  purchase  of  much  property  between 
Church  and  Howard  streets. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


47 


CAMPBELL,  Gabriel — Professor  of  moral  and  intellectual  phil- 
osophy and  instructor  in  German  from  1869  to  1880.  Member  of 
the  first  University  faculty. 

CAMPBELL,  Robert  Allen— Born  December  27th,  1868  at  De- 
troit, Mich.  Graduated  high  school,  Alexandria,  Minn.,  1887;  aca- 
demic student  one  year;  College  medicine  and  surgery,  18%; 
assistant  in  diseases  of  nose  and  throat,  1897  to  190(4;  clinical  in- 
structor, 1904  to  date.  Four  years'  experience  in  civil  engineering 
work.  Author  of  various  magazine  articles  upon  diseases  of  the 
nose   and   throat.     844   Andrus  building. 

CAMPUS — The  first  purchase  of  land  for  the  present  site  was 
made  by  the  University,  October  21st,  1854,  twenty-five  and  one- 
third  acres  being  purchased  at  that  time  of  Paul  R.  George  and 
Joshua  Taylor.  A  mistake  was  made  in  making  out  this  deed  and 
to  correct  the  same  a  new  quit  claim  deed  was  made  by  Calvin 
Tuttle,  who  quit-claimed  the  land  intended  to  be  conveyed  in 
the  previous  aeed,  on  July  21st,  1856.  The  quit-claim  deed  covered 
twenty-seven  and  eight-one-hundredths  acres.  This  piece  of  land 
was  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  section  line  running  eighty-nine 
rods  from  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  thence  39% 
degrees  west  to  a  point  approximately  at  the  corner  of  the  present 
intersection  of  14th  and  University  avenues  southeast,  thence 
back  to  the  river  on  a  line  conforming  very  closely  with  the  pres- 
ent railroad  tracks.  The  consideration  paid  by  the  regents  was 
$6000,  $10i>0  in  cash  advanced  by  friends  and  $5000  in  notes  se- 
cured by  mortgage,  bearing  12  per  cent  interest.  So  rapidly  did 
the  land  increase  in  value,  that  the  legislature,  which  met  the  same 
year  of  the  purchase,  authorized  the  regents  to  borrow  $15,000  se- 
cured on  the  land  purchased  for  $6,000. 

No  additions  were  made  to  the  campus  until  the  legislature  of 
1877  appropriated  $18,000  to  enlarge  the  campus.  At  that  time, 
Thatcher's  addition  was  purchased  and  a  part  of  the  land  which 
now  lies  north  of  the  Great  Northern  tracks.  Two  years  later 
tne  legislature  made  another  appropriation  for  increasing  the  cam- 
pus, $20,000  being  given  for  the  purpose,  and  following  year,  1880, 
$20,000  more  was  appropriated  for  the  same  purpose.  With  thl3 
money  ihe  purchase  of  the  land  to  the  north  of  the  Great  Northern 
tracks,  fsave  a  little  strip,  on  eleventh  avenue,  26 1^  by  181  feet, 
which  was  afterward  contributed  by  Mr.  S.  H.  Chute)  and  four 
and.  one-half  blocks  bordering  the  south  side  of  the  campus,  ex- 
tending to  Arlington  street.  In  1903,  the  legislature  appropriated 
$11,000'  for  the  purchase  of  more  land  and  for  grauing  the  campus. 
With  this  money  was  purchased  four  lots  in  block  3,  part  of  the 
land  now  enclosed  in  Northrop  Field.  Governor  Pillsbury,  before 
his  last  illness,  had  begun  the  purchase  of  the  lots  in  this  block 
and  his  heirs  gave  six  lots  in  this  block  to  carry  out  what  they 
knew  to  be  his  wishes.  The  city  council'  voted  to  vacate  Arlington 
street  from  the  river  to  Harvard  street  and  to  vacate  Union  street 
from  Arlington  to  University  avenue  for  the  benefit  of  the  Uni- 
versity. See  Campus  extension.  With  the  appropriation  of  1907 
for  the  purchase  of  more  land  for  the  campus,  the  state  has  spent 
$525,000  for  this  purpose. 

CAMPUS  EXTENSION— The  legislature  of  1907  appropriated 
$450,000  for  purchase  of  additional  land  for  the  campus.  The  al- 
umni of  the  college  of  medicine  and  surgery,  assisted  by  the  fac- 
ulty of  that  college,  raised  $50,000  by  private  subscription,  to  pur- 
chase a  site  for  the  Elliott  hospital,  giving  a  clear  half  million 
for  additional  land.  The  board  of  regents  have  settled  upon  the 
purchase  of  the  Mocks  bounded  by  the  campus.  Union  street,  the 
river    and    Washington    a.venue    and    blocks    bounded    by    Church 


48  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

street,  "Washington  avenue  and  the  rivei-.  The  Park  Board  owns 
a  wide  boulevard  along  the  river  bank  which  will  be,,  for  all  prac- 
tical purposes,  a  part  of  the  campus.  ,  If.  this  land_  can  be  secured 
and  the  streets  vacated,  it  will  add  nearly  fifty  acres,  or  nearly 
double  tne  size  of  the  present  campus. 

CAMPUS  QUARTET — One  of  the  most  famous  of  'Varsity  mu- 
sical organizations.  Edward  J.  Borncamp,  Episcopal  clerg>-man  ot 
Winona,  Minn.;  Harry  O.  Hannum,  Congregational  clergyman,  of 
Holyoke,  Mass.;  George  L.  Huntington,  a  physician,  of  St. .  Paul; 
John  W.  ir^owell,  a  Methodist  clergyman,  of  Duluth,  were  the  mem- 
bers of  ttiis  quartet  and  were  all  members  of  the  class  of  1893. 

CAREL,  Hubert  C. — Instructor  in  cnemistry,  department  of 
medicine,  189.5-1898;  assistant  professor  of  chemistry,  1898  to  1904; 
professor   of    chemistry,    1904-07. 

CARLSON,  John  S. — Professor  of  Scandinavian  languages  and 
literatures,  1899-1907.  Born  in  Frodinge,  Sweden,  Nov.  9th,  185.. 
Came  to  America  at  age  of  sixteen.  Graduated  Gustavus  Adolphus 
(^St.  Peter,  Minn.)  1881.  Augustana  (Rock  Island,  111.)  1885.  Stud- 
ied two  years  in  Sweden  and  tooK  his  Ph.  D.  in  1887.  Professor 
of  history  and  philosophy  in  Gustavus  Adolphus  college  eleven 
years.  Lecturer,  editor,  and  contributor  to  many  magazines  and  pa- 
pers; very  prominent  in  church  work  and  member  of  many  church 
and  educational  boards.  Author  of  "Om  filosofien  i  Amerika,"  1887; 
Swedish  Grammar  and  Reader,  1907.  Member  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Political  Science;  American  Statistical  Association; 
Swedish-American   Historical   Association. 

CARR,    A.    B. — Instructor   in   medical   chemistry,    1905   to   date. 

CARR,   W.    Frank — Instructor  in  civil  engineering,  1884-85. 

CASTALIAN  LITERARY  SOCIETY,  The — Organized  November 
11,    1896  and  slill  in   existence. 

GATES,  Abraham  Barker — Borii  May  12th,  1854,  at  East  Vas- 
salboro,  Maine.  A.  B.  Colby,  1874;  M.  D.  Harvard,  1880-  Princi- 
pal of  Cerryfleld,  Me.,  high  school,  1874-77.  Adjunct  professor 
of  obstetrics,  1888-;.  later  clinical  professor  of  obstetrics  and 
then  professor  of  obstetrics.  2824  Park  avenue.  413  Pillsbury  build- 
ing, 

GATES,    John    F.— Engineer,    1894-1903. 

CENTRAL  DEBATING  CIRCUIT  OF  AMERICA,  The— In  1906, 
the  universities  of  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Illinois  and  Ne- 
braska Organized  a  debating  league,  the  constitution  of  which 
provides  that  each  university  shall  have  two  teams,  one  on  the 
afflrmative  and  one  on  the  negative  of  the  question  which  is  to  be 
the  same  for  alLthe  Universities  in  the  league,  'me  affirmative  is 
always  supported  by  the  home  team  and  the  negative  by  the  visit- 
ing team.  On  April  5th,  1907,  Minnesota"  debated  with  Illinois  at 
St.  Paul,  ai'd  Iowa  at  Iowa  City.  In  December,  1907,  Minnesota 
met  Wisconsin  at  Madison  and  Nebraska  at  Minneapolis,  in  1909 
Tllinois  at  Champaign  and  Iowa  at  Minneapolis;  in  1910,  Wis- 
consin  at  Minneapolis   and   Nebraska   at   Lincoln. 

The  result  of  the  first  series  of  debates  was  that  Minnesota 
won  from  l)oth  her  opponents,  Iowa  at  Iowa  City  and  Illinois  in 
the  House  of  Representatives,  bt.  Paul.  Wisconsin  likewise  won 
both  her  debates.  Iowa  and  Nebraska  lost  both  debates,  while  Illi- 
nois won  and  lost  one.  The  question  discussed  was — "Resolved 
that  the  cities  of  the  United  States  should  seek  the  solution  of 
the    street    railway    problem    through    private    ownership." 

The  result  of  the  second  debate,  held  December  13th,  1907,  was 
that  the  affirmative  won  in  every  case,  each  college  in  the  league 
winning  one^nd  losing  one.     The  question  argued  was — "Resolved, 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNEJSOTA.  49 

that  the  Federal  government  should  have  absolute  control  of  all 
corporations  doing  an  interstate  business,  constitutionality 
granted." 

CENTRAL  DEBATING  LEAGUE,  The — ^Was  composed  of  the 
debating  associations  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  the  University 
of  Minnesota,  Northwestern  University,  and  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago. Its  purpose  is  to  discuss  in  puolic  leading  questions  of  the 
day  and  to  develop  ready  and  forceful  speakers.  The  four  uni- 
versities were  arranged  in  two  groups  for  the  semi-final  debates. 
Which  were  neld  tue  second  Tuesday  in  January.  On  the  nrst 
FViday  in  April  in  each  year,  the  winners  from  the  groups  met  in 
a  final  debate  in  tlie  city  of  Chicago.  Minnesota  withdrew  from 
this  league  in  lu06  and  proceeded  at  once  to  organize  the  new 
Central  debating  circuit  of  America. 

CHAMBER  MUSIC  CONCERTS'— A  series  of  concerts  devoted 
to  the  interpretation  of  classical  composers,  offered  during  the 
season  of  1894-95.  Miss  Elizabeth  Cushman  presided  at  the  piano, 
Mr.  Heinrich  Hoevel,  played  the  violin  and  Dr.  Clarence  Strachauer, 
the  'cello.  The  concerts  were  arranged  by  Professor  Harlow 
Gale,  who,  on  each  Friday  afternoon,  preceding  the  concerts,  gave 
a  lecture  on  the  psychology  of  music.  The  lectures  were  partly 
historical  and  biographical,  and  in  addition  a  demonstration  of  the 
anatomy  and  physiology  of  hearing,  an  outline  of  the  psychology 
of  music  and  some  experimental  and  statistical  work  in  rhythm, 
melody,   and   harmony. 

CHAPEL  EXERCISES — From,  its  very  beginning  down  to  date, 
the  University  authorities  have  conducted  daily  religious  services. 
In  the  early  days  attendance  was  required,  but  since  about  1885  at- 
tendance has  been  voluntary.  The  exercises  have  always  consisted 
of  a  short  scriptural  selection  and  prayer.  University  notices  are 
given  at  these  exercises  and  frequently  prominent  men  and  women 
talk  to  the  assembled  students.  Naturally  the  attendance  is  largely 
froin  the  so-called  academic  department  of  the  University,  but  on 
special  occasions  students  from  all  departments  fill  the  chapel  to 
oversowing. 

CHAPMAN,  Herman  H. — Superintendent  of  the  sub-station  at 
Grand  Rapids,   1897-02;  instructor  in  forest  exploitation,  1902-04. 

CHANCELLOR' — This  office  was  provided  for  under  the  organi- 
zation which  obtained  from  Februarj'  14,  1860.  to  March  4,  1864. 
Rev.  Edward  D.   Neill  was   the  only  person  holding  this  office. 

CHASE,  Raymond  P. — Instructor  in  rhetoric,  1904-05.  Graduate 
of  the  University,  class  of  1903.  Afterward  law  student  and  now 
manager  of  the  Anoka  Herald. 

CHEMICAL  Laboratory  Building — This  building  was  erected  in 
1890,  for  the  use  of  the  department  of  chemistry  and  physics,  and 
was  remodelled  in  1902,  when  the  department  of  physics  vacated 
the  building.  The  first  cost  of  the  building  was  $81,.iOn:  the  co.=t 
of  remodelling  was  $8,000,  making  the  total  cost  practically  $90,000. 
The  building  has  a  frontage  of  190  feet  and  provides  for  the  de- 
partment of  chemistry,  with  its  various  laboratories,  lecture  rooms, 
amphitheatre  seating  345  students,  offices,  seminar  room  and  class 
rooms,  storage  and  preparation  rooms,  -dark  rooms,  etc.  It  is 
constructed  of  a  romanesquo  brick  of  light  reddish  yellow  tint 
with  iron  spots.     L.  S.  Buffington  was  the  architect. 

CHEMISTRY  Museum — Considerable  space  is  given  to  a  collec- 
tion in  industrial,  technical  and  applied  chemistry.  There  is  a 
large  collection  of  chemicals,  with  specimens  of  each  in.  the  va- 
rious stages  of  preparation  and  purification;  a  collection  -6t-  nearly 
all  the  elements,  with  most  of  their  important  salts;  a  large  num- 


CQ  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

ber  of  m'ining  and  metallurgical  specimens,  including  most  of  the 
important  ores,  together  with  many  rare  specimens  in  crystallog- 
raphy. The  collections  of  coals  and  petroleums  are  especially  valu- 
able for  lecture  and  technical  work.  There  is  a  large  collection  of 
dyes,  organic  and  inorganic,  mordants,  textiles,  and  other  mate- 
rials used  in  dyeing  and  bleaching,  with  a  rapidly  increasing  col- 
lection of  clays  and  materials  used  in  making  of  glass,  earthen- 
ware, porcelain  and  brick.  A  collection  of  furnace  products,  models 
and  series  of  charts,  blue  prhits  and  photographs  illustrating  a 
wide  range  of  technical  and  chemical  processes  is  being  added. 

CHEMISTRY,  The  School  of — This  school  did  not  exist,  as  an 
independent  organization  until  1903.  Prior  to  that  time  it  existed 
as  an  attachment  to  some  other  college.  Provision  was  originally 
made  for  instruction  in  a  complete  course,  in  1891,  when  the  col- 
lege of  engineering  was  re-organized  and  made  the  college  of  engi- 
neering, metallurgy  and  the  mechanic  arts.  In  the  course  of  study, 
as  then  established,  there  was  a  full  four-year  course  in  chemistry 
but  It  was  not  until  the  following  year  that  the  first  student  elected 
this  course.  When  the  re-organization  of  1895  took  place,  the 
school  of  chemistry  was  established  as  the  school  of  technical  and 
applied  chemistry  and  was  made  a  subsidiary  organization  in  the 
college  of  science,  literature  and  the  arts.  It  existed  in  this  way 
until  1903  when  it  was  made  a  separate  organization,  with  ita 
own  faculty  and  dean  and  independent  in  the  government  of  its 
internal  affairs.  George  B.  Frankforter,  Ph.  D.,  professor  of  chem- 
istry, was  made  dean.  The  school  of  chemistry,  as  it  is  now  known, 
offers  three  courses  of  study,  courses  in  analytical  and  applied 
chemistry,  the  former  affording  preparation  for  teachers,  analysts 
and  general  scientists;  the  latter  is  really  an  engineering  course 
and  is  intended  to  fit  men  to  become  manufacturing  and  applied 
chemists  or  chemical  technologists.  The  third  course  is  a  fivb 
year  course  leading  to  the  degree  bachelor  of  arts  and  bachelor  of 
science,  in  chemistry.  The  degrees  granted  by  this  school  are 
bachelor  of  science,  in  chemistry  and  bachelor  of  science,  in  chem- 
ical engineering.  The  enrollment  for  1906-07,  60;  graduates,  25  men 
and  1  woman.  The  faculty  includes  twelve  professors,  seven  as- 
sistant professors,  seven  instructors  and  eleven  as.«istants. 

CHENEY.    L.    S. — Instructor   in   agricultural   botany,    1903-04. 

CHEYNEY,  Edward  G.— Born  November  24,  1878,  Washington, 
D.  C.  Washington  high  school;  A.  B.,  Cornell,  1900;  1904-05,  In 
Yale  Forestry  School.  Tutored  for  one  year;  student  assistant  in 
bureau  of  forestry,  one  and  one-half  years.  Assistant  in  forestry. 
University,  1905-07;  assistant  professor  of  forestry,  1907  to  date. 
2116  Knapp  street,   St.  Paul. 

CHI  PSI — The  oldest  fraternity  at  the  University.  Alpha  Nu 
chapter  established  1874.  Lodge  located  at  1515  University  avenue 
southeast.  National  fraternity  established  in  1841,  at  Union  Col- 
lege. 

CHORAL  Union — A  musical  organization  winch  was  founded  in 
1893  by  Fraulein  Schoen-Rene.  The  first  concert  was  given  May 
1,  1894,  at  the  Coliseum  and  May  2,  at  the  Peoples'  Church,  S(t. 
Paul.  At  these  concerts,  Nordica,  Hegner  and  Wetzler,  assisted. 
June  2,  the  same  year,  a  grand  concert  was  given  in  the  Coliseum. 
During  the  year  1894-95,  chamber  music  concerts  were  provided, 
under  the  direection  of  Professor  Gale.  November  29,  1895,  the 
choral  union  gave  a  concert  at  the  old  exposition  building  at  which 
Melba,  and  other  world-famous  artists  appeared.  On  December 
14,  1896,  at  the  T.,yceum  and  the  next  evening  at  the  People®' 
Church,  In  St.  Paul,  the  union  gave  concerts,  at  which  Madame 
Lillian    Nordica-Doehme    and    Charles   Gregorowitsch    appeared    on 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  5 1 

tha  program.  May  17,  and  18,  of  the  following  year,  the  great  May 
festival  was  held.  At  this  concert  Madame  Blauvelt,  Mrs.  Blood- 
good,  Mt.  Bertliald,  Mr.  McKinley,  Mr.  Mayn,  and  Sig.  Campanari, 
Mr.  Morenhaut,  Miss  Little,  Miss  Stewart,  Miss  Spencer  and  Mme. 
Calv^,  were  soloists.  November  22,  1897,  occurred  the  long  to 
be  remembered  Blauvelt  concert,  at  the  Lyceum.  Anton  Hegner, 
the  celloist,  assisted.  The  records  do  not  s'how  any  later  activity 
of  this  organization. 

CHOVVNING,  William  M.— Junior  demonstrator  of  pathology  and 
bacteriology,   19U1-04. 

CHRISTIANSON,  Peter — Instructor  in  assaying,  1891-92;  Instruc- 
tor in  metallurgy,  1S92-1905;  assistant  professor  of  assaying,  1905- 
date. 

CHRISTISON,  James  Trent — Clinical  instructor  in  diseases  of 
children,  1897-1901;  clinical  professor  of  same,  1901-1906;  professor 
of  same,   190lj   to  date.     Endicott  Arcade,   St.    Paul. 

CHUTE,  Richard,  St.  Anthony,  IVlinneapolis — Regent  August 
17,  1863-March  4,  1864,  also  1876-October  20,  1881.  Secretary  of  the 
board  for  a  number  of  years. 

CIVIL  Engineering  IVIuseum — The  department  is  collecting  sam- 
ples of  road  material  typical  of  the  various  localities  of  the  State, 
and  leading  materials  used  in  street  paving,  such  as  granite,  trap 
rock,  brick  and  asphaltum.  A  set  of  standard  sections  of  steel 
and  wrought  iron  is  provided  for  illustration  in  the  study  of  struc- 
tural design. 

CLARKE,  George  E. — Professor  of  tneory  and  praJctice  of  (liome- 
opathic)   medicine,  1894-05. 

CLARK,  Greenleaf — Appointed  to  the  board  of  regents,  by  Gov- 
ernor Pillsbury,  December  15,  1879,  vice  Morris  Lamprey,  deceased. 
He  was  reappointed  in  1880,  1883,  1886.  1889,  1898.  He  was  elected 
president  of  the  board,  vice  John  S.  Pillsbury,  deceased,  December 
10,  1901,  and  held  tliat  oflTice  until  the  day  of  his  death,  December 
7,  1904. 

Greenleaf  Clai-k  was  born  August  23,  1835.  He  was  of  Puritan 
descent,  the  son  of  Nathaniel  (the  seventh  of  that  name  in  direct 
line)  and  Betsy  (Brickett)  Clark.  Judge  Clark  was  fitted  for  coN 
legc  in  Atkinson  academy,  in  New  Hampshire,  and  entered  Dart- 
mouth colleg-e  in  1851,  graduating  in  liS55.  He  graduated  from 
nar\-ard  law  college  in  1857  and  was  admitted  to  the  Boston  bar. 
He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1858  and  for  thirty  years  was  engaged 
in  the  active  practice  of  his  profession,  attaining  an  enviable  posi- 
tion as  recognized  leader  of  the  State  bar.  For  a  year  he  was  a 
member  of  the  supreme  court  of  Minnesota  having  been  appointed 
to  the  position  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Judge  Cor- 
nell.    See  Weekly  of  December  16,   1901. 

CLARK,  John  S. — Born  February  25,  1849,  in  Nova  Scotia.  Com- 
mon schools  of  Nova  Scotia,  preparatory  and  academic  depart- 
ments of  the  University,  A.  B.  '76.  Two  years  graduate  work  at 
Leipsig.  Taught  for  four  years  in  common  schools  of  Nova  Scotia; 
assistant  librarian  of  the  University,  1874-77;  instructor  in  Latin, 
1876-80;  assistant  professor,  1880-1886;  professor,  1886  to  date.  729 
10th  avenue  southeast. 

CLARK,  Thomas  A. — Instructor  in  mathematics  and  civil  engi- 
neering, 1899-01.  Born  in  Iowa,  1876.  Graduated  from  Purdue 
University.  1897  with  the  degree  of  B.  S.  Served  as  assistant  in 
Civil  Engineering  at  Purdue  for  two  years  and  took  his  degree 
of  C.  E.   in  1899. 


52  DICTIONARY  OP  THE 

CLASS  Day  Plays — The  custom  of  giving  a  class  play  usually  in 
a  theatre  was  begun  by  the  class  of  1891,  when  they  gave  their  play, 
A  picture  of  'Varsity  life,  at  the  University  chapel,  June  2,  1891; 
May  31,  1892,  Helen,  Paris  and  the  Apple,  at  the  Grand;  1893;  the 
Princess,  adapted  from  Tennyson;  June  4,  1894,  "Wheels,  or  J ufashy- 
foamalafe,  Peoples'  theatre;  June  3,  1895,  Olympia  up  to  date,  at 
the  Metropolitan;  June  1,  1896,  Idyllia,  at  the  Lyceum;  May  31, 
1897,  Mr.  Cramlet  of  Goribattledor,  at  the  Lyceum;  May  31,  1898,  A 
bachelor  girl  of  laws,  at  the  Lyceum;  1899,  Rediviva;  or.  The  return 
of  college  spirit;  June  4,  1900,  17  to  6;  June  2,  1901,  When  bugles 
blow,  at  the  Lyceum;  June  2,  1902,  The  Oneoga,  the  story  of  the 
magic  stone,  at  the  Lyceum;  June  1,  1903,  A  sovereign  and  a  cop- 
per, at  the  Metropolitan;  May  28,  1904.  The  apple  of  discord,  at 
the  Metropolitan;  June,  1905,  The  pledgeling,  at  the  M'etropolitan; 
June  9,  1906,  A  check  from  home,  at  the  Metropolitan;  June  7, 
1907,  The  braino  man,  at  the  Metropolitan.  Prior  t'o  1891  the 
senior  class  had  given  a  program,  usually  in  chapel,  including  a 
class  oration,  prophecy,   history,  poem,   songs,   etc. 

CLASSICAL  Museum — Includes  material  illustrating  classical 
geography,  topography,  chronology,  mythology,  archaeology,  and 
ueen  collected,  consisting  mainly  of  plans  and  charts,  casts,  pic- 
torial  illustrations,    facsimiles  of  manuscripts  ajid  inscriptions. 

CLASS  Memorials — Reserved  for  fuller  treatment  in  a  later 
edition. 

CLASS  of  1890  Fellowship — This  fellowship  was  awarded  in  1901 
for  the  year  1901-02,  to  Charles  E.  Stangeland,  who  spent  the  year 
in  Germany. 

CLEMENTS,  Frederick  Edward—Born  September  16,  1874,  Lin- 
coln, Neb.  Lincoln  high  school,  '90;  University  of  Nebraska,  '94; 
Master,  '96;  Ph.  D.,  '98;  fellow  in  botany,  1894-96;  instructor  in 
same,  1896-98;  adjunct  professor  and  associate  professor,  same, 
1898-1906;  professor  plant  physiology,  1906-07;  president  of  botanical 
seminar,  1894-07;  secretary  of  the  botanical  survey,  1894-0'7;  presi- 
dent of  Nebraska  Academy  of  Science,  1907;  professor  of  botany, 
University,  1907  to  date.  Author  of  Histogenesis  of  Caryophyllales, 
1897;  Phytography  of  Nebraska,  1898;  second  edition,  1900;  Manual 
of  High  School  Botany,  1900;  Greek  and  Latin  in  Biological  Nomen- 
clature, 1902;  Development  and  Structure  of  Vegetation,  '04;  Re- 
search Methods  in  Ecology,  'Q5;  Plant  Physiology  and  Ecology, 
'07;  also  many  articles  for  current  botanical  magazines.  Phi  Beta 
Kappa,  Sigma  Xi;  Botanical  Society  of  America;  the  American 
Geogra,phicaI  Association;  the  American  Mycological  Society.  800 
Fourth  street  southeast. 

CLINICAL  Building — Located  at  1810  WasTiington  avenue  south, 
1.  e.  just  across  the  rtver  from  the  University  campus.  It  was 
erected  in  1899  at  a  cost  of  $15,000  and  has  been  improved  since. 
Its  location  in  a  thickly  settled  portion  of  the  city  provides  ample 
outdoor  service  and  it  contains  laboratories,  examining  rooms, 
amphitheatres,  drug  rooms  and  treatment  rooms.  It  is  a  two  story 
brick  building  with  high  basement  and  is  40x150  feet. 

CLINICAL  Opportunities  in  Medicine — Senior  students  in  medi- 
cine keep  a  record  of  all  cases  observed  during  the  year,  the  fol- 
lowing is  not  an  exceptional  case.  Cases  obser^'ed  by  a  single 
senior — 128,  of  internal  medicine;  39,  diseases  of  children;  144,  gen- 
eral surgery:  35,  orthopedic  surgery;  72.  mental  and  nervous  dis- 
eases; 104,  skin  and  genito-urinary  diseases;  40,  nose  and  throat; 
38,  diseases  of  women;   59,  eye  and  ear;  9,   obstetrics;  total.   668. 

CLOPATH,  Henrietta — Born  and  educated  in  Switzerland.  Tra- 
velled extensively  In  Europe  studying  art  at  Dresden,  Munich,  and 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


53 


other  art  centres.  Seven  years  head  of  the  art  cepartments  of 
the  American  college  in  Constantinople.  Instructor  in  freehand 
drawing  1897  to  date;  in  charge  of  the  depa,rtment  since  1903.  Writ- 
er and  lecturer  on  art  subjects.  Had  a  picture  accepted  by  the 
Nationa".  juiy  of  election  for  the  St.  Louis  World's  Fair,  1904. 
Made  a  special  study  of  methods  of  art  education  in  the  United 
States,  attending  summer  schools  at  Chicago,  New  York  and  the 
normal  art  school  of  Columbia  University.  701  Delaware  street 
southeast. 

CLOUGH,  David  M.,  Minneapolis — Regent  ex-ofRcio,  governor 
January  31,  1895-Jaiiuary  2,  1899.  Born  in  Lyme,  N.  H.,  1846. 
Came  to  Minnesota  at  tlie  age  of  ten.  Engaged  in  farming  till 
1873,  when  he  moved  to  Minneapolis  to  devote  himself  to  the 
lumbering  business.  Elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1886,  and 
lieutenant  governor  in  1895.  Became  governor  in  1895  upon  the 
resignation   of   Governor   Nelson. 

CLOYD,  David  E. — Instructor  in  pedagogy,  1900-02.  Graduate  of 
the  University,  class  of  1901.  Since  then  engaged  in  educational 
work  at  \arious  places,  now  at  Ogden,  Utah. 

CLYDE,  IVIrs.  M.  C. — Professional  nurse,  college  of  dentistry, 
1906  to  date. 

COBB,  Frederick  E. — Assistant  in  technics  and  clinics,  college 
of  dentistry,   1895-96. 

COBB,  Sheridan  Grant — Born  August  14,  1862,  at  Cascade,  Minn. 
District  school  of  Cascade,  Niles'  Academy,  Rochester,  Hahnemann 
College,  Chicago,  1884;  New  York  Polytechnic,  1894;  Chicago  Clinical 
School.  1898;  Vienna  General  Hospital,  1900.  Taught  district  school. 
Assistant  in  Homeopathic  clinical  medicine,  1903,  clinical  surgery, 
1904;  clinical  gynecology,  1905  to  date.  Founded  Cobb  Hospital 
1902.  Surgeon  for  the  G.  N.  Ry.,  N.  P.  Ry.,  W.  C.  Ry.,  C.  &  G. 
W.  Ry.,  C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  C.  M.  &  O.  Ry.,  Soo 
Ry.,  and  formerly  attending  surgeon  to  the  Children's  Home  So- 
ciety of  Minnesota.     366  Prior  avenue,  St.  Paul. 

COHEN,  Lillian — Born  June  19,  1878,  Minneapolis.  Early  edu- 
cation grade  and  high  schools  of  city.  B.  S.  University,  1900;  M. 
A.  '01;  one  year  of  graduate  work  in  chemistry  at  Eidgenos  Poly- 
technic, Zurich,  Switzerland.  Taught  one  year  'in  high  school. 
Instructor  in  chemistry,  1902  to  date.  Sigma  Xi;  Phi  Leta  KJappa, 
American  Chemica.1   Society.     415  East  Fourteenth  street. 

COLE,  Gordon  E.,  Faribault — Appointed  regent  1888,  continued 
In  office  until  his  death,  October  4,  1890.  Lecturer  on  corporations, 
1888-90. 

COLE,  Hadyn,  S.,  1st  Lieut.,  U.  S.  A. — Professor  of  military 
science  and  tactics,  1900-03.     Now  in  business  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

COLISEUM — This  building  was  erected  in  1884,  at  a  cost  of  $35,- 
000.  It  was  officially  known  as  The  Military  Building,  but  was 
popularly  known  as  the  Coliseum.  It  was  so  constructed  as  to 
serve  the  purpose  of  a  drill  hall  and  auditorium,  and  would  seat 
comfortably  three  thousand  five  hundred  people.  It  was  entirely 
of  wood  construction  and  was  burned  July  24,  1894.  The  cut  which 
appears  elsewhere  gives  a  better  idea  of  the  building  than  any 
verbal  description   can  give.     Mr.  Buffington  was   the  architect. 

COLLEGE  Court  Prize — This  prize  was  offered  by  Judge  A.  C. 
Hickman,  of  the  law  faculty,  and  consisted  of  $25  worth  of  stand- 
ard books  on  the  subject  of  procedure,  and  was  awarded  to  that 
member  of  the  graduating  class  who  should  write  the  best  legal 
argument  upon  a  given  iegal  proposition.  This  prize  was  awarded 
to  Ransom  J.  Powell,  in  1898;  to  John  N.  Berg,  in  1899;  and  to 
Frank  G.  Sasse,  in  1900. 


54 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE 


COLVIN,  A.  R. — Assistant  in  surgery,  1900-1903;  clinical  in- 
structor in  surgery,  1903  to  date.     Lowry  Arcade,  St.  Paul. 

COMFORT,  Catherine —  Instructor  in  Englisli,  school  of  agricul- 
ture, 1901-03;  instructor  in  English  and  preceptress,  1903-05.  Now 
professor  of   English,    Pomona  College    (Calif). 

COMMENCEMENT  Addresses  and  Speakers — The  first  com- 
mencement speaker  was  the  Honorable  A.  S.  Welch,  EL.  D., 
president  of  Iowa  State  Agricultural  College,  who  spoke  upon 
"Higher  education  in  its  transition  state."  This  address  was  in 
addition  to  orations  by  each  of  the  two  members  of  the  class.  When 
the  custom  of  having  members  of  the  graduating  class  deliver  ora- 
tions on  commencement  day  was  discontinued  in  1899,  President 
Northrop  dehvered  the  address  and  has  since  delivered  the  ad- 
dress in  1900.  1902.  The  addresses  for  the  remaining  years  have 
been  delivered  by  the  following  named  gentlemen,  1903,  Andrew  S. 
Draper,  LL.D.,  president  of  the  University  of  Illinois;  1903,  James 
Brooks  Dill;  1904,  Thomas  Wilson,  member  of  the  Board  of  Re- 
gents; 1905,  Knute  Nelson,  United  States  Senator;  1906,  Harry  Pratt 
Judson,  LL.  D.,  President  of  the  University  of  Chicago;  1907,  Wil- 
liam H.  Taft,  Secretary  of  War. 

COMMENCEMENT,  The  First  University — An  account  of  the 
first  University  commencement  is  published  in  appendix  "A"  of  tne 
regents'   report  for  1873,   pages  45  to  52. 

COMPANY  Q — A  company  of  young  women  who  wore  a,  military 
costume  and  who  pursued  a  modifled  form  of  the  military  drill  pre- 
scribed for  young  men.  T'his  company  was  organized  in  1889  and  a 
picture  of  the  company  may  be  seen  by  consulting  the  Gopher  of 
1890,  opposite  page  127. 

COMSTOCK,  Alfred  Erwin — Born  February  21,  1872,  Fayette,  la. 
Graduate  Fayette  high  school;  B.  S.  Upper  Iowa,  1895;  M.  S.  '98; 
Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Chicago,  1899;  taught  in  common 
schools,  high  school  one  year,  and  demonstrator  in  chemical  labora- 
tory Hahnemann,  for  three  years.  Lecturer  on  clinical  and  ortho- 
pedic surgery  ('homeopathic)  1898  to  190*1;  professor  of  renal  sur- 
gery, 1901.  Author  of  Pathology  vs.  diagnosis;  Race  division  and 
its  influence  upon  derivation  and  temperament;  Some  experiments 
with  paraftiii.  A  study  of  bluod  in  surgical  diseases.  Visiting 
surgeon  to  the  City  and  County  Hospital,  St.  Paul;  president  of  the 
Minnesota  State  Homeopathic  Institute,  1907;  president  of  the  St. 
Paul  Homeopathic  Hospital  Club,  1906;  ex-president  of  the  Homeo- 
pathic  Society.     416  New   York  Life   Building,    St.   Paul. 

COMSTOCK,  Ada  Louise — Born  December  11,  1876,  Moorhead, 
Minnesota.  Moorhead  high  school,  1892;  University,  1892-1894; 
B.  L.,  Smith  College,  1897;  Moorhead  Normal  School,  1898;  M.  A., 
Columbia,  1899;  Sorbonne  and  college  de  France,  1903-1904.  As- 
sistant, Department  of  rhetoric,  1899;  instructor,  1900;  assistant 
professor,  1904;  dean  of  women,  1907.  Member  of  Delta  Gamma; 
Pill  Kappa  Psi,  of  Smith  College;  Association  of  Collegiate  Alum- 
nae; Woman's  Club  of  Minneapolis;  Alumnae  Associations  of  Sm'th 
College  and  University  of  Minnesota.      "The  Concord." 

COMSTOCK,  Elting  Houghtallng — Born  June  26,  1876,  Mil"wau- 
kee,  Wis.  B.  S.,  Wisconsin,  1897;  Oliver  Graduate  Scholar,  Cornell, 
1897-9S;  Follow  in  mathematics,  Chicago,  1898-99;  Honorary  fellow 
in  mathematics,  Wisconsin,  1899-1900;  M.  S.,  University,  1907. 
Taught  in  high  school,  Superior,  Wis.,  1900-01;  principal  of  Hougli- 
tbn,  Mich.,  h'igh  school,  1901-03;  superintendent  of  same,  1903-06. 
Instructor  :n  mathematics  school  of  mines,  190-3  to  date.  1530 
Como  avenue  southeast. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  55 

COMSTOCK,  S.  G.,  Moorhead' — Appointed  regent  as  the  last 
official  act  of  Governor  Van  Sant,  January,  1905.  Term  expires  in 
March,  1908.  Born  May  9,  1842,  Argyle,  Me.  Educated  in  com- 
mon schools  and  hampden  Academy,  Me.,  and  Wesleyan  Seminary. 
Admitted  to  bar  in  1S71.  County  attorney  of  Clay  county,  1872-78; 
member  of  Minnesota  House  of  Representatives,  1875-82;  member 
of  Senate,  1882-88;  Congressman  from  5th  Minnesota  district,  1889- 
81.     Member  of  state  normal  board. 

CONDIT,  William  Henry— Born  August  4,  1872,  Jersey,  Ohio. 
B.  S.,  University,  1896;  M.  D.,  1899.  Instructor  in  materia  medica, 
University,  1896-07;  instructor  in  therapeutics,  1907  to  date.  1018 
Fourth   street   southeast,    827    Andrus   building. 

CONDITIONS  at  the  University— W.  F.  Webster,  1886,  principal 
of  the  east  high  school  of  Minneapolis  read  a  paper  before  the  Six 
O'clock  Club  of  the  city  in  the  early  spring  of  1906.  This  paper 
was  repeated,  by  special  request,  in  the  University  chapel,  later  in 
Lhe  spring.  It  was  reprinted  in  the  Minnesota  Alurnrii  Weekly  of 
May  21  of  that  year.  This  address  was  one  of  the  factors  re- 
sponsible for  the  strenuous  campaign  for  an  increase  of  salaries 
ol  University  professors,  which  was  made  by  the  alumni  in  1907. 
CONGRESSIONAL  LAND  GRANTS — In  his  second  message  to 
the  legislature,  in  1851,  Governor  Ramsey  recommended  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  University  and  added — "As  an  endowment  of  a  Uni- 
versity will  also  naturally,  in  this  connection,  attract  your  attention, 
it  might  be  proper  to  further  memorialize  Congress  for  a  grant  of 
100,000  acres  of  land,  applicable  and  available,  at  a  future  day,  for 
this  most  desirable  object.  The  propriety  of  urging,  at  this  time, 
the  request,  arises  from  the  importance  of  making  early  selection, 
with  a  view  to  securing  a  fair  proportion  of  choice  lands."  This 
memorial  was  passed  on  the  10th  of  February  and  Congress  passed 
an  act  upon  the  19th  of  the  same  mOntii,  granting  two  townships 
for  this  pui-pose.  The  University  received  from  this  grant,  46,468.- 
35  acres  of  land.  Of  this  amount  15,410.85  acres  were  sold  by  the 
regents,  under  authority  of  the  acts  of  1864  and  1866,  to  pay  the 
debts  of  the  territorial  institution.  So  this  grant,  netted  the  Uni- 
versity 31,057.5  acres.  The  second  grant,  by  act  of  Congress  ap- 
proved .July  2d,  3  862,  gave  the  state  120,000  acres  for'  the  endow- 
ment and  support  of  an  agricultural  college,' including  instruction 
in  mechanic  arts  and  military  science.  This  grant  was  first  given 
to  the  agricultural  college  which  had  been  established  in  McLeod 
county,  and  was  afterward,  by  the  act  re-organizing  the  University,' 
approved  February  18th,  1868,  granted  to  the  University.  These 
lands  were  chosen  and  certified  to  the  University  as  follows: 
68,928.08  acres  at  the  minimum  or  single  value,  mentioned  in  the 
act.  and  25.511.20.  at  double  the  minimum  value,  counting  as 
51,022.40  acres,  making  the  total  119,950.48  acres,  under  the  terms 
of  the  grant.  The  third  grant,  being  really  the  second  grant  in 
point  of  time  of  the  act  of  Congress  making  the  same,  was  that 
provided  for  in  the  enabling  act  authorizing  the  people  of  the 
territory  to  set  up  a  state  government,  passed  Februai-y  26th,  1857, 
which  granted  two  townsliips  for  the  endowment  of  a  state  uni- 
versity. The  interior  department  ruled  against  the  University,  on 
this  grant,  and  it  was  hot  until  the  pas.=age  of  another  act  of 
Congress.  July  8th.  1870.  that  this  grant  was  made  available  for 
the  endowment  of  the  University.  Afterward,  there  was  another 
ruling  of  the  interior  department,  in  which  it  was  held  that  since 
9,764.60  acres  of  the  .territorial  grant  had  not  been  selected  and 
certified,  until  after  the  admis.=ion  of  the  state  into  the  Union, 
this  amount  should  be  charged  against  the  second  grant,  reducing 
tne  number  of  acres  available  under  that  grant.  t'O  37,079.24.     This 


56  DICTIONAUT  OF  THE 

ruling    was    later    overruled,    for    the    University    finally    received 
45,661.14  acres. 

Owing  probably  to  the  fact  that  the  records  of  the  early  days 
were  not  kept  with  sufficient  exactness,  many  pieces  of  land 
chosen  by  the  regents  were  afterwards  entered  by  settlers  and 
the  settlers  were  given  the  preference  in  the  matter  and  the 
regents  were  afterwards  allowed  to  select  other  lands  to  replace 
those  lost  in  this  way.  Many  thousands  of  acres  of  land  had  to 
be  thus  duplicated. 

The  total  amount  received  from  the  National  Government  for 
the  endowment  of  the  University  is  thus  186,&68.77  acres.  In 
securing  the  second  grant  of  two  townships,  the  regents  employed 
an  attorney,  named  Beard,  to  lobby  the  bill  through  Congress 
and  also  made  appropriations  of  land  to  pay  for  his  services. 
This  matter  was  finally  settled  by  vote  of  the  regents,  September 
3rd,  1872.  This  action  of  the  regents  was  authorized  by  joint  reso- 
lution of  both  houses  of  the  legislature,  approved  February  18th, 
1867.  So  that  the  amount  available  for  an  endowment  for  the 
University,  was  but  184,568.77  acres.  The  latest  report  of  the 
state  auditor  shows  that  the  University  has  received  from  the  two 
grants  to  the  University,  $818,110.51.  There  has  been  received  from 
the  agricultural  land  grant,  $570,747.50.  Making  a  total  of  $1,388,- 
858.10.  Of  the  agricultural  land  grant  but  40  acres  remain  unsold. 
Of  the  University  grants,  34,603.67  acres  remain  unsold. 

This  immense  fund  came  from  the  following  sources:  Sales  of 
lands,  $816,892.00;  forfeitures,  right  of  way,  etc.,  $15,064.36;  stump- 
age  $494,672.81;  mineral  permit  and  leases,  $63,444.00;  royalty  on 
iron  ore,  $462.20;  transfer  from  state  institutions  fund,  $7,292.73, 
transfer  from  internal  improvement  land  fund,  $150;  profits  on  sale 
of  bonds,  $900.00.     See  also  Mineral  lands  and  leases. 

CONSTANT,  Frank  Henry— Born  July  26,  1«69,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
Educated  in  public  schools.  Woodward  high  school  of  Cincinnati;  C. 
E.,  University  of  Cincinnati,  1891.  Instructor  in  structural  engri- 
neering.  University,  1895;  assistant  professor  of  structural  engineer- 
ing, 1895-1S07;  professor  1897  to  date.  Also  assistant  engineer, 
King  Bridge  Co.,  1891-1893;  structural  engineer,  Osborn  Engineering 
Co.,  1893-1895;  various  other  professional  engagements  during  vaca- 
tions. Member  Sigma  Xi;  Beta  Theta  Pi;  American  Society  of 
Civil  Engineers,  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Engineering  Educa- 
tion. Author  of  engineering  pai>ers  for  eng'lneering  periodicals. 
1801  University  avenue  southeast. 

COOK,  Estelle — Partial  course  in  University.  Instructor  in  Eng- 
lish,  school  of  agriculture  since  1905. 

COOKE,  Louis  Joseph — Born  February  15th,  1868,  Toledo,  Ohio. 
Public  schools  of  Toledo;  private  instruction,  two  summer  sessions 
1.  M.  C.  A.  Training  school,  Springfield,  Mass.;  M.  D.,  University 
of  Vermont  Medical  Department,  1894;  eight  years  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
physical  drector;  director  of  the  University  gymnasium  since  1897. 
909  Sixth  street  southeast. 

COON,  George  M. — Clinical  instructor  In  genito-urinary  diseases, 
1895  to  date.     Lowry  Arcade,  St.  Paul. 

CORNISH,  W.  D. — Lecturer  on  life  and  fire  insurance,  1888-1894. 

CORSON,  Juliet — Lecturer  on  domestic  economy,  1883-84. 

COVELL,  Grant  A. — Instructor  in  mechanical  engineering  and 
woodworking,  1888-89. 

COX,  Norman  J. — Instructor  in  operative  dentistry,  1905  to  date. 
Masonic  Temple. 

CRAFTS,  Lettle  May — Born  Minneapolis.  Educated  in  public 
schools;  B.  L.,  University,  1881;  graduate  study  along  historical  and 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


57 


linguistic  lines;  special  course  in  library  science.  Teacher,  Albert 
Lea  High  School;  assistant  librarian,  University  of  Minnesota, 
1883  to  date.  Member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa;  Minnesota  Library  Asso- 
ciation president.  190€-(y7;  Twin  City  Library  Club;  American 
Library  Association;  Board  of  Directors,  Minneapolis  Public  Li- 
brary. lSOO-06;  secretary  of  board,  1903-07.  Author  of  papers  read 
before  the  Minnesota  Library  Club  and  Woman's  Council.  124 
Thirteenth  street  south. 

CRAIG,  George — Instructor  in  animal  husbandry,  school  of  agri- 
culture,  since  1905. 

CREDICOTT,  H.  J. — ^Assistant  Instructor  in  cultures  and 
.starters   1903-05;   instructor  in  dairy  manufacture,    1905   to  date. 

CROOKSTON  EXPERIMENT  STATION  BUILDINGS— The 
buildings  at  this  station  consist  of  a-  comfortat)le  farm  house, 
a  stock  and  grain  barn  and  some  minor  buildings.  The  total 
cost  being  $5,000.  The  school  of  agriculture  which  wa^  estab- 
lished at  this  place  in  1905,  is  provided  with  buildings,  as  follows. 
School  building,  at  $15,000;  dormitory  and  dining  hall,  $50,000 
and  an  industrial  building,  $15,000,  provided  for  by  appropriation 
of  the  legislature  of  1907,  and  to  be  erected  during  the  year  1908 
and  1909.  The  legislature  of  1907,  also  made  an  appropriation  of 
$1,000  for  additions  to  the  dwelling  house  and  barn. 

CROSS,  John  Grosvenor — Born  May  8,  1870,  Rochester,  Minn. 
B.  S.,  University  of  Minnesota,  1892;  M.  D.,  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, 1895;  M.  S.,  1895.  Clinical  instructor  in  medicine.  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota.  Address,  422  Ridgewood  avenue,  610  Pills- 
bury  building. 

CROSS,  Nellie  M.'— Instructor  in  physical  culture,  1895-97.  Now 
Mrs.   T.    M.    Knappen  of   this   city. 

CUTTS,  Rollin  E. — Assistant  in  surgery,  1895-97;  assistant  In 
clinical  medicine,  1897-98;  clinical  instructor  in  obstetrics,  1898- 
99;  clinical  instructor  in  gynecology,  1899-02.  Died,  March  19th, 
1902. 

CUZNER,  Edwin  Anthony — Superintendent  of  plant  houses  and 
grounds,   1883-date. 

DAIRY  HALL — Erected  in  1891  at  a  cost  of  $30,000.  It  Is  69 
X  122  feet,  and  contains  the  dairy  operating  and  recitation  rooms, 
the  offices  of  the  dean,  secretary,  professor  of  agrriculture  and 
assistant,  and  professor  of  dairy  husbandry  and  assistant.  The 
building  is  two  stories  high,  with  basement,  and  is  built  of  red 
pressed  brick. 

DAKIN,     W.    W. — Instrument    maker,     college    of    engineering, 

1895-98. 

DALAKER,  Hans  H. — Instructor  In  mathematics,  1902-06.  On 
leave  of  absence,  1906-08,  studying  at  Cornell  and  acting  as  in- 
structor. 

DALRYMPLE,    Oliver,    St.    Paul— Regent   1872-74. 

DARTT,  E.  H.  S. — Superintpndent  of  the  Owatonna  experiment 
station,  1887  to  date. 

DART,  Leslie  O. — Assistant  in  pediatrics  1902-06;  clinical  assist- 
ant in  diseases  of  children,  1906  to  date.     Masonic  Temple. 

DAVIS^  Cushman  K.,  St.  Paul — Governor  of  the  State  and  ex- 
officio  regent  1874,  1875.  Appointed  regent  1883  and  re-appointed 
three  times  serving  until  January  1898.  Lecturer  on  Internationaa 
law  1895-00.  Bom  in  Henderson,  N.  Y.,  in  1838.  Graduated  from 
Michigan  University  in  1857.  Served  during  the  Civil  War.  Came 
to  Minnesota  In   1864.     Appointed  U.    S.   District  Attorney  In   1868, 


^8  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

Governor  of  Minnesota  in  1874.  Elected  to  the  U.  Si  Senate  in 
1887,  re-elected  so  that  he  served  continuously  to  date  of  his 
death,   November  27,   1900. 

DAVIS,    F.    C. — Assistant   in   surgery,    1899-01. 

DAVIS,  Herbert  W. — Clinical  instructor  in  obstetrics,  1895  to 
date. 

DAWSON,    Charles   A. — Dispensary  assistant,   1901   to  date. 

DAY,    Lester  W. — Assistant  in   medicine,   1901-04. 

DEAN  OF  WOMEN — This  office  was  established  by  resolu- 
tion of  the  board  of  regents  at  its  December,  1906,  meeting.  The 
dean  of  women  is  to  be  the  friend  and  adviser  of  every  young 
woman  in  the  University  needing  such  help  as  a  wise,  cultured 
and  sympathetic  woman  can  give.  Professor  Ada  Comstock  was 
elected  dean  at  the  May,  1907,  meeting  of  the  board  of  regents. 

DEBATE — Debate  has  always  been  a  prominent  feature  of  the 
work  of  the  literary  societies  of  the  University.  In  the  very 
becinnins,  ".vhen  there  were  but  the  two  literary  societies,  the 
Delta  Sigma  and  the  Hermean,  these  societies  used  to  hold  joint 
debases,  sometimes  as  often  as  four  times  a  year,  while  the 
weekly  programs  of  the  societies  provided,  almost  always,  for 
a  debate. 

The  first  intercollegiate  debate  was  held  May  26,  1893,  w'itli 
the  University  of  Iowa,  in  Minneapolis.  Several  debates  were  held 
with  Iowa  and  Wisconsin,  without  any  formal  organization  of 
any  kind  to  back  the  Minnesota  teams,  which  teams  were  com- 
posed of  volunteers  who  were  willing  to  devote  what  little  time 
used  to  be  devoted  to  the  preparation  for  a  debate.  In  1896, 
the  federated  literary  societies  took  up  the  subject  and  formed 
plans  for  the  choosing  of  debaters  to  represent  the  University. 
This  rather  loose  form  of  organization  and  supervision  was  kept 
up  until  1898  when  the  University  debating  board  was  formed 
and  plans  made  for  s'ifting  the  material  available  for  debg/te  un- 
til the  best  material  was  secured  to  make  up  the  teams  to  rep- 
resent  the   University.      See   University   Debating   Board. 

DEBATES  WITH  CHICAGO — Minnesota  has  met  Chicago  in 
debate  three  times,  as  members  of  the  Central  debating  league, 
January  14,  1899.  Minnesota,  represented  by  E.  F.  McGinnis,  A.  J. 
Finch,  and  W.  M.  Jerome,  were  defeated,  at  Chicago,  while  up- 
holding the  affirmative  of  the  question,  "Resolved,  That  United 
States  senators  should  be  elected  by  direct  vote  of   the  people." 

January  10,  1901,  Minnesota  won  from  Chicago,  while  upholding 
the  negative  of  the  question  "Resolved,  That  the  action  of  the 
United  States'  in  granting  the  franchise  to  the  negro  was  hasty 
and  ill  advised."  The  debate  was  held  at  Minneapolis  and  Minne- 
sota was  represented  by  Hugh  J.  McClearn,  B.  F.  Drake,  Jr.,  and 
W.   I.   Norton. 

January  21,  1905,  Minnesota  lost  to  Chicago,  at  Chicago.  Min- 
nesota was  represented  by  G.  Loevinger,  J.  P.  Devaney,  and  B. 
C  O'Brien,  who  upheld  the  negative  of  the  question.  "Resolved, 
That  the  United  States  should  continue  its  present  policy  of  op- 
posing   the    combination    of    railroads." 

DEBATES  WITH  ILLINOIS — The  University  has  'held  but 
one  debate  with  Illinois,  that  of  Apr'il  5,  1907,  this  being  the  first 
debate  in  the  new  series  planned  by  the  Debating  Circuit  of  Amer- 
ica. Minnesota  upheld  the  affirmative  of  the  question,  "Resolved, 
That  the  "ities  of  the  United  States  should  seek  the  solution  of 
theif  street  railway  problem  through  pr'ivate  ownership."  The 
debate  was   held   iri   the   House    chamber   of   the   Capitol  building. 


UNIVERSIT\    OF  MINNESOTA. 


59 


St.  Paul,  and  Minnesota  was  represented  by  John  P.  Devaney, 
Srtanley  B.  Houck,  and  C.  Richard  Thompson,  and  won  the  decis- 
ion by  two  to  one. 

DEBATES  WITH  IOWA'— The  University  has  held  thirteen 
annual  debates  with  representatives  of  the  State  University  of 
Iowa.  The  first  was  held  in  1893,  May  26,  at  Minneapolis.  The 
question  debated  was  "Resolved,  That  the  United  States  govern- 
ment should  own  and  operate  the  telegraph  system."  In  this 
debate  Minnesota  was  represented  by  A.  M.  Berseth,  Thomas  Mc- 
Elligott,  and  Williaim  A.  Godward  and  had  the  affirmative.  Iowa 
won. 

In  1895  there  was  no  debate  held.  May  15,  1896,  Minnesota 
was  represented  by  E.  F.  McGinnis,  L.  T.  savage,  and  G.  Sidney 
Phelps.  The  debate  was  held  in  Minneapolis  and  Minnesota  had 
the  affirmative  of  the  question,  "Resolved  that  it  would  be  de- 
sirable for  American  cities  of  5000  or  more  inhabitants  to  organize 
and  administer  their  own  local  government,  subject  only  to  the 
constitution  of  the  state;  and  that  the  legislative  powers  of  the 
state  should  not  be  exercised  in  such  a  way  as  to  interfere  with 
the  plain  .and  obvious  purpose  of  the  measure."  Iowa  won. 
May  17th,  1897,  the  debate  was  held  at  Iowa  City  and  Minne- 
sota's representaitives  were  R.  W.  Nelson,  Hubert  Russell,  and 
W.  D.  Lane,  who  stood  for  the  affirmative  of  the  question,  "Should 
the  United  States  senators  be  chosen  by  direct  vote  of  the  peo- 
ple?"    Iowa  won. 

In  1894,  Minnesota  upheld  the  affirmative  of  the  question, 
"Resolved,  That  international  bimetallism  is  correct  in  theory  and 
can  be  applied  in  practice."  Minnesota  had  the  affirmative  and 
was  represented  by  E.  P.  McCaffrey,  W.  T.  Coe,  and  F.  E.  Green. 
The   debate  was   held   at   Iowa  City   and   Minnesota  won. 

May  13th,  1898,  the  debate  was  held  at  Minneapolis  and  Minne- 
sota was  represented  by  S.  C.  Scott,  W.  B.  Stewart,  and  W.  C. 
Hodgson.  Minnesota  stood  against  the  proposition,  "Resolved, 
That  the  United  States  should  regularly  raise  a  part  of  her  rev- 
enue by  a  graduated  income  tax,  the  constitutionality  of  which 
shall  not  enter  into  the  discussion."  Iowa  won  by  a  vote  of  2  to  1. 
May  11,  1899,  Minnesota  was  represented  by  N.  N.  Bergheira, 
R.  A.  Lee,  and  Elizabeth  Graham,  who  stood  for  the  a/ffirmative 
of  the  question,  "Resolved,  That  the  United  States  should  con- 
tinue the  policy  of  territorial  exipansion."  Iowa  won  by  a  vote 
of  2  to  1. 

In  May,  1900,  Minnesota  supported  the  negative  of  the  question, 
"Resolved,  That  all  disputes  between  organized  labor  and  organ- 
ized capital  should  be  settled  by  compulsory  arbitration."  Minne- 
sota was  represented  by  W.  M.  Jerome,  J.  B.  Ormond,  James  Mc- 
Intyre,  with  J.  P.  Simith,  as  alternate.  This  team  won  a  unani- 
mous  decision.      The   debate   was   held  'in    chapel. 

March  8th,  1901.  at  Iowa  City,  Minnesota  w^as  represented  by 
Owen  P.  McElmeel,  H.  B.  Gislason,  and  P.  J.  Thompson.  The 
question  was,  "Resolved.  That  it  is  unwise  for  the  state  to  tax 
personal  property,"  and  Minnesota  stood  for  the  resolution.  Iowa 
won. 

March  27th,  1902,  Minnesota  supported  the  affirmative  of  the 
question,  "Resolved,  That  the  United  States  should  permanently 
retain  possession  of  the  Philippines."  Minnesota  was  represented 
by  O.  A.  Lende,  O.  P.  McElmeel,  and  A.  L.  Janes.  The  debate 
was  tield   at  Minneapolis  and   Minnesota  won. 

April  24th.  1903,  Minnesota  upheld  the  affirmative  of  the  ques- 
tion, ■  "Resolved,  That  the  adjudication  of  disputes  between  em- 
ployers and  employees  should  be  made  a  part  of  the  administra- 
tion of  justice — granted,   that  special  courts  with  appropriate  rules 


60  DICTIONARY   Ot    THE 

of  procedure  may  be  established  if  desirable,  and  granted,  that 
labor  unions  may  be  required  to  incorporate,  if  necessary."  The 
debate  was  held  at  Iowa  City  and  Minnesota  was  represented  by 
I.  A.  Churchill,  W.  O.  Williams,  and  H.  L.  Wildey.     Iowa  won. 

February  26fh,  1904,  the  debate  was  held  at  Minneapolis  and 
Minnesota  was  represented  by  R.  P.  Chase,  I.  W.  Choate,  John  P. 
Devaney,  winning  the  debate  while  upholding  the  affirmative  of  the 
question,  "Resolved,  That  the  United  States  should  now  perma- 
nently abandon  the  protective  policy." 

March  3d,  1905,  Minnesota  was  represented  at  Iowa  City,  by 
R.  P.  Chase,  Jesse  G.  Steenson,  Bernard  Robinson.  The  decision 
was  a  tie.  Minnesota  had  the  affirmative  of  the  debate  upon  the 
question,  "Resolved,  That  freight  rates  in  the  United  States 
should  be  fixed  by  government  authority,  constitutionality  not  to 
be  considered." 

February  23d,  1906,  Minnesota  upheld  the  negative  of  the 
question,  "Resolved,  That  the  United  States  should  establish  a 
fiscal  protectorate  over  any  West  Indian,  Central  or  South  Amer- 
ican Republic  that  s'hall  manifest  a  chronic  failure  to  meet  its 
foreign  financial  obligations.  Granted:  that  neither  these  repub- 
lics nor  any  other  nation  would  object,"  and  was  represented  by 
J.  P.  Devaney,  E.  A.  Robinson,  Gustavus  Loevinger.  Minnesota 
won. 

April  5th,  1907,  at  Iowa  City,  Minnesota  upheld  the  negative  of 
the  question,  "Resolved,  That  the  cities  of  the  United  States 
should  seek  the  solution  of  the  street  railway  problem  throug"!* 
private  ownership,"  and  won  the  unanimous  decision  of  the 
judges.  Minnesota  was  represented  by  Algernon  Colburn,  Michael 
Doherty,  and  Albert  G.  Evans.  This  was  the  first  time  Minne- 
sota met  Iowa  as  a  member  of  the  new  debating  circuit. 

DEBATES  WITH  M ICHIGAN— The  University  has  held  four 
debates  with  Michigan,  as  members  of  the  Central  debating 
league.  April  6th,  1900,  Minnesota  had  the  negative  of  the  ques- 
tion, "Resolved,  That  the  economic  advantages  of  trusts  are 
sufficient  to  justify  their  existence  under  the  law."  This  debate 
was  held  at  Chicago  and  Michigan  won.  Minnesota  was  repre- 
sented by  J.  A.   Burger,   O.    P.   McElmeel,   a;nd  H.   B.   Gislason. 

January  11,  1901,  the  debate  was  held  at  Ann  Arbor  and  Mich- 
igan won.  Minnesota  supported  the  negative  of  the  question, 
"Resolved,  That  it  is  unwise  for  the  state  to  attempt  to  tax  per- 
sonal property,"  and  was  represented  by  O.  A.  Lende,  A.  L.  Janes, 
and  James  Mclntyre. 

January  16th,  1904,  Minnesota  upheld  the  negative  of  the  ques- 
tion, "Resolved,  That  the  adjudication  of  disputes  between  em- 
ployers and  employees  should  be  made  a  part  of  the  administra- 
tion of  justice — granted,  that  special  courts  with  appropriate 
rules  of  procedure  may  be  established  if  desirable,  and  granted, 
that  labor  unions  may  be  required  to  incorporate,  if  necessary." 
Minnesota  was  represented  by  I.  A.  Churchill,  Philip  Carlson, 
and  Jesse  G.  Steenson.  The  debate  was  held  in  Minneapolis  and 
Michigan   won. 

April  4,  1902,  at  Chicago,  Minnesota  won  over  Michigan,  op- 
posing the  permanent  retention  of  the  Philippines.  Minnesota 
was  represented  by  Hugh  J.  McClearn,  Benjamin  Drake,  Jr.,  and 
Willis   I.    Norton. 

DEBATES  WITH  NEBRASKA— December  13th,  1907,  Minne- 
sota, represented  by  Harold  Deering,  Algernon  Colburn  and  Stan- 
ley B.  Houck,  met  the  team  representing  Nebraska  in  the  Uni- 
versity chapel  and  won  while  uptiolding  the  affirmative  of  the 
question,    "Resolved,    That    the    federal    government    should    have 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  gj 

exclusive  control  of  all  corporations  doing  an  interstate  business." 
The  vote   was   two   to   one   for   ihe   afflrmative. 

DEBATES  WITH  NORTHWESTERN  UNI  VERSITY— Minne- 
sota has  met  Northwestern  Univeisity  in  debate  three  times,  as 
members  of  the  Central  debating  league.  January  12th,  1900,  in  a 
debate  held  in  Minneapolis,  Minnesota  upheld  the  negative  of  the 
question,  "Resolved,  That  the  Gothenburg  system,  modified,  of 
controlling  the  liquor  traffic  offers  the  best  solution  of  the  liquor 
problem  in  this  country,  modification  to  be  the  Inclusion  of  malt 
liquors  and  government  ownership  by  each  state,"  and  won  the 
debate.  Minnesota  was  represented  by  J.  A.  Burger,  O.  P.  Mc- 
Elmeel,   and  S.    E.    Moon,    W.   W.   Massee   was   alternate. 

January  16,  1903,  at  Chicago,  Minnesota  upheld  the  affirmative 
of  the  question,  "Resolved,  That  the  importation  of  Chinese  la- 
borers into  our  insular  possessions  snould  be  prohibited,"  and 
lost  the  achate.  Minnesota  was  represented  by  R.  P.  Chase,  D. 
L.   Grannis,   E.   C.  Lundeen. 

January  19th,  1906,  at  Minneapolis,  Northwestern  won^RIinne- 
sota  was  represented  by  Theodore  Christiansen,  C.  R.  Thomp- 
son, and  S.  B.  Houck,  upholding  the  affirmative  of  the  (luestion, 
"Resolved,  That  the  United  States  snould  establish  a  fiscal  pro- 
tectorate over  any  West  Indian,  Central  or  South  American  Re- 
public whenever  it  shall  manifest  a  chronic  failure  to  meet  its 
foreign  financial  obligations,  granted  that  neither  these  repub- 
lics  nor   any   otner   foreign    nation   would   object." 

DEBATES  WITH  WISCONSI N— Minnesota  has  met  Wiscon- 
son  seven  times  in  debate.  April  20th,  1894.  at  Madison,  Minne- 
sota had  the  negative  of  the  question,  "Resolved,  That  the  com- 
plete exclusion  of  foreign  immigration  for  a  period  of  ten  years 
would  be  preferable  to  a  continuation  of  the  present  freedom 
of  immigration  for  the  same  period.  Minnesota  was  represented 
by  Carl  Fowler,  Charles  E.  Adams,  and  Warren  W.  Pendei^ast. 
Wisconsin   won   by   a   vote   of   2   to   1. 

May  24th,  1895,  Minnesota  won  the  debate  held  at  Minneapolis. 
Minnesota  was  represented  by  F.  L.  Anderson,  B.  L.  NewkirK, 
and  Elizabeth  Beach,  who  upheld  the  negative  of  the  question, 
"Resolved,  That  United  States  senators  should  be  elected  by  di- 
rect vote  of  the  people." 

April  14th,  1896,  at  Minneapolis,  Minnesota  was  represented 
by  A.  H.  Lee,  J.  B.  Miner,  and  E.  A.  Snow,  who  upheld  the  af- 
firmative of  the  question,  "Would  it  be  sound  policy  for  congress 
to  legalize  contracts  for  the  division  of  competitive  freight  earn- 
ings of  railroad  companies  engaged  in  inter-state  commerce:  pro- 
vided, that  all  such  pooling  contracts  shall  be  filed  with  the  in- 
terstate commerce  commission,  which  shall  'have  power  to  abro- 
gate such  contracts  whenever,  in  the  opinion  of  such  commiss'ion, 
said   contracts  are   detrimental   to   public   policy."     Wisconsin   won. 

April  30th.  1897,  at  Minneapolis,  Minnesota  was  represented 
by  J.  U.  Hemmy,  C.  H.  Christopherson,  N.  N.  Bergheim,  who  up- 
held the  negative  of  the  question,  "Resolved,  That  a  system  of 
municipal  government  concentrating  all  executive  and  administra- 
tive powers  in  the  mayor  should  be  adopted  in  cities  of  the  United 
States  of  over  40,000  inhabitants.  Executive  and  administrative 
powers  shall  be  interpreted  to  Include  the  sole  power  to  appoint 
and  remove  all  heads  of  departments  and  city  officers  (except 
the  treasurer  and  comptroller — the  comptroller  to  have  only  the 
powers  of  an  accounting  officer).  All  subordina.tes  shall  be  ap- 
pointed by-  the  heads  of  their  respective  departments,  under  civil 
service  rules,  and  may  be  removed  for  reasons  other  than  politi- 
cal.    The   mayor,    the   heads   of   departments,    and   the   city   officers 


62  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

in  their  respective  capacities  shall  have  power  to  make  all  con- 
tracts, to  purchase  all  material  and  supplies,  to  have  charge  of 
the  construction,  improvement,  extension,  and  management  of 
all  public  streets,  works  and  property;  to  grant  all  licenses  and 
franchises  subject  to  the  confirmation  of  the  common  council; 
to  make  all  estimates  for  the  following  fiscal  year,  said  estimates 
not   to   be   increased  by   the   council."    Wisconsin   won. 

May  1st,  1902,  Minnesota  had  the  affirmative  of  the  question, 
"Resolved,  That  railroad  rates  should  be  fixed  by  governmental 
authority,"  Minnesota  representatives  were  James  Kane,  J.  B. 
Laau,  and  R.  C.  Wedge.  The  debate  was  held  at  Wisconsin  and 
that   university  won. 

May  8th,  1903,  at  Minneapolis,  Minnesota  was  represented  by 
H.  J.  McClearn,  Benjamin  Drake,  Jr.,  and  R.  P.  Chase,  and  won 
iiie  debate  while  upholding  the  affirmative  of  the  question,  "Would 
the  relinquishment  by  the  federal  gov-ernment  oi  Its  rights  to 
tax  inheritances  to  the  states  exclusively,  be  preferable  to  the 
relinquishment  by  the  states  of  their  rights  to  tax  inheritances 
to  the  federal  government?  It  being  mutually  conceded:  (1)  that 
all  rights  of  taxation  of  inheritances  now  possessed  by  the  states 
or  by  the  federal  government  can  and  will  be  transferred  by 
either  to  the  other.  (2)  That  the  federal  government  stands  in 
need  of  revenue,  and  that  the  federal  tax  can  become  a  law." 

December  13th.  1907,  the  University,  represented  by  Albert 
G.  Evans,  Zenas  L.  Potter  and  Michael  J.  Doherty,  met  the  team 
representing  Wisconsin,  at  Madison,  Wis.,  and  lost  the  debate 
by  a  vote  of  two  to  one.  Minnesota  defended  the  negative  of 
the  proposition.  "Resolved,  That  the  federal  government  should 
have  exclusive  control  of  all  corporations  doing-  an  interstate 
business." 

DECKER,  Calvin  D.— Born  August  18,  1858,  Austin,  Minn. 
B.  S.,  Carleton  college,  1SS6.  Teacher,  purchasing  agent  and 
secretary  of  the  board  of  regents  of  the  Universitj^  of  Minne- 
sota,  1905  to  date.     3356  Park  avenue. 

DECKER,  Wilbur  F. — Instructor  in  shop  work,  drawing  and 
physics,   1881-1885.     Now  in   business   in   the   city  of  Minneapolis. 

DEGREES — The  University  'has  conferred  6685  degrees  upon 
6010  persons,  as  follows:  bachelors  degrees — Arts,  1491 — men  693, 
women  798;  Science,  598 — men  446,  women  152;  Literature,  463 — 
men  132,  women  331;  Philosophy,  10 — men  4,  women  6;  Civil 
engineering,  48 — men  only;  Mechanical  engineering,  22' — men  only; 
Electrical  engineering.  23 — men'  only;  Science  (in  chemistry)  13 — 
men  12,  women  1:  Science  (in  chemical  engineering)  1 — man; 
Mining  engineering,  6 — men  only;  Science  (in  home  economics) 
4 — women  only;  Science,  (in  agriculture)  19 — ^men  only;  Science 
(in  forestrj-)  5- — men  only;  Agriculture,  31 — -men  only;  Laws,  1509 
— men  1490,  women  19;  Medicine,  9 — men  8,  women  1;  Arts  (in 
education)  4 — 'men  only;  Architecture,  5 — men  only;  Science  (in 
engineering)  7 — men  only;  Masters  degrees  have  been  granted 
as  follows:  Arts,  163 — men  96,  women  67;  Science,  62i — men  54, 
women  8;  Literature,  21' — men  10,  women  11;  Agriculture,  3 — 
men  only;  T^aws,  163 — ^men  158,  women  5;  Pharmacy,  2— ^men  only; 
Engineers  degrees  have  been  granted  as  follows:  Civil,  101 — men 
only;  Mechanical,  78— men  only;  Electrical,  134 — men  only;  Chem- 
ical, 4 — men  only;  Mining,  10 — men  only;  of  Mines,  85 — men  only; 
Metallurgical,  4 — men  only;  Chemists  degrees  have  been  granted  as 
follows;  Analytical,  8 — men  only;  Pharmaceutical,  120 — 'men,  105, 
women,  15.  Doctors  degrees  have  been  granted  as  follows:  Philos- 
ophy,   37 — men,    33,    women,    4;    Medicine    (regular)    843— men,    794, 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNBSOTA.  63 

women,  49;  (homeopathic)  89 — men,  74,  women,  15;  Dental  sur- 
gery, 202 — men,  200,  women,  2;  Dental  medicine,  210 — men,  206, 
women,  4;  Pharmacy,  75- — men,  69,  women,  6. 

DEINARD  Samuel  N. — Born  January  25,  1872,  Rossieny,  Russia. 
Educated  at  Elder  von  Lamel  Schule,  Jerusalem,  Palestine;  Teach- 
ers' Normal  Schf>ol,  Cologne  on  the  Rhine,  Germany;  B.  A.  De  Puaw 
University,  1897;  M.  A.,  University  of  Chicago,  1901;  Ph.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota;  1905.  Preacher;  teacher,  evening  and.  reli- 
gious schools;  instructor,  University  of  Minnesota,  Semitic  lan- 
guage and  literature,  1902-04;  assistant  professor,  1904  to  date. 
Author  of  The  New  Tear's  Day  and  Day  of  Judgment  of  the  Jew- 
ish calendar;  Contributions  to  the  Journal  of  Semitic  Languages 
and  Literatures  and  other  periodicals.      1715  Fifth  avenue  south. 

DE  LA  BARRE,  William — Assistant  in  nose  and  throat  dis- 
eases, 1895-96. 

DELTA  CHI— Law  fraternity.  Established  at  Minnesota  in  1892. 
Founded  at  Cornell  in  1890.     327  Fifteenth  avenue  soutneast. 

DELTA  DELTA  DELTA — Theta  chapter  established  in  1894. 
Founded  at  Boston  in  1S89.     312  Sixteenth  avenue  southeast. 

DELTA  GAMMA — Lambda  chapter  established  in  1882.  Founded 
at   Warren   Female   Institute   in   1872.     1221   Fifth   street   southeast. 

DELTA  KAPPA  EPSILON— Phi  Epsilon  chapter  established  in 
1889.  Founded  at  Yale,  1844.  Chapter  house  1711  University  ave- 
nue southeast. 

DELTA  PHI  DELTA — Gamma  chapter  established  in  1902.  Law 
fraternity'.     1214  Fifth  street  southeast. 

DELTA  SIGMA' — The  first  literary  society  organized  at  the 
University.  Organized  November  22,  1867.  The  purpose  of  this 
society  was  the  promotion  of  general  culture  and  training  in  de- 
bate, oratory  and  literary  work  of  various  kinds  and  the  promo- 
tion of  a  spirit  of  goodfellowship  among  its  members.  This  so- 
ciety was  disbanded  in . 

DELTA  SIGMA  DELTA — Dental  fraternity.  Theta  chapter  es- 
tablished in  1892.  Founded  at  Michigan  in  1882.  303  Washington 
avenue  southeast. 

DELTA    SIGMA    RHO,    THE— See   Forensic   Honor   League. 

DELTA  TAU  DELTA— The  third  fraternity  to  be  established  at 
the  University.  Beta  Eta  chapter  established  in  1883.  Founded 
at  Bethany  College  in  1859.     1009  University  avenue  southeast. 

DELTA  UPSILON — Mu  chapter  established  in  1890.  Founded 
at  Williams  College,  1834.     400  Washington  avenue  southeast. 

DENNIS,  Warren  A. — Assistant  in  surgery,  1899-1903;  clinical 
instructor  in  surgery,  1903  to  date.     Lowry  Arcade,   St.  Paul. 

DENNISON,    Laura   M.'— Instructor  in   drawing,   1893-94. 

DENTISTY,  The  College  of— In  1883.  the  board  of  directors  of 
the  old  Minnesota  Hospital  College,  backed  by  the  newly  organized 
state  dental  association  organized  a  course  in  dentistry  of  two 
years  of  five  months  each.  This  course  was  pursued  in  common 
with  medical  students  and  the  clinical  work  required  for  a  diploma 
was  the  treatment  of  two  or  more  patients,  one  plate,  one  thesis 
on  an  original  subject  and  one  mechanical  specimen  to  be  de- 
posited in  the  museum. 

When  the  college  of  medicine  and  surgery  was  re-organ"ized 
in  1888  and  the  department  of  medicine  was  established  as  a 
teaching  instead  of  an  examining  institution,  provision  was  made 
for  the  establishment  of  the  college  of  dentistry  and  a  faculty 
was  appointed  with  Dr.   Charles  M.   Bailey,   as   secretary,    Dr.   Mil- 


64  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

lard  being  dean  of  the  department.  The  work  of  the  college  was 
carried  along  for  four  years,  in  the  old  building  at  the  corner  of 
ninth  avenue  south  and  sixth  street,  since  occupied  by  Asbury 
Hospital,  and  in  1892,  the  college  came  to  the  campus,  witli  other 
colleges  of  the  department  and  a  re-organization  took  place  which 
gave  the  college  larger  freedom  in  the  management  of  its  own 
affairs,  and  Dr.  W.  Xavier  Sudduth  was  elected  dean,  which  office 
he  held  until  1895,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Thomas  E3. 
Weeks,  who  was  dean  until  1897.  The  deanship  was  dropped  for  a 
time  and  Dr.  William  E.  Dickinson  was  made  secretary,  afterward, 
in  18S9  being  made  acting  dean;  in  1900  he  was  made  dean, 
continuing  in  that  office  until  1905,  when  Dr.  Alfred  Owre,  of  the 
class  of  1894,  M^as  made  dean,  being  the  first  alumnus  of  the  Uni- 
versity to  be  appointed  to  that  ofHce. 

This  college  course  has  always  been  a  minimum  of  three  years 
and  the  entrance  requirement  has  been  raised,  at  various  times, 
so  that  it  is  now  practically  a  full  high  school  course,  with  the 
demonstration  of  mechanical  ability.  In  1904,  it  was  decided  to 
make  the  course  a  four-year  course,  and  announcement  was  made 
of  the  plan.  However,  the  plan  was  never  put  into  operation  and 
no  class  has  ever  been  required  to  complete  four  years  work  for 
a  diploma.  The  work  of  the  first  year  is  quite  similar  to  the 
work  of  the  college  of  medicine  and  surgery,  the  same  subjects 
are  pursued  but  less  time  is  devoted  to  the  same  and  the  time  so 
saved  is  devoted  to  subjects  directly  bearing  upon  the  practice  of 
dentistry.  The  work  of  the  second  and  third  years  is  devoted  ex- 
clusively to  subjects  directly  bearing  upon  dentistry.  The  tui- 
tion required  in  this  college  is  a  level  fee  of  $150  a  year.  The  de- 
gree granted  is  that  of  doctor  of  dental  surgery,  though  from  1893 
to  1902,  inclusive,  the  degree  granted  by  this  college  was  that  of 
doctor  of  dental  medicine.  The  college  is  a  member  of  the  Na- 
tional association  of  dental  faculties  and  its  diploma  is  recog- 
nized by  the  dental  examining  boards  of  every  state  in  the  union. 
The  faculty  includes  thirteen  professors,  three  assistant  profes- 
sors, eighteen  instructors,  and  eight  lecturers,  demonstrators,  and 
assistants.  The  enrollment  for  1906-07  was  162.  The  college  year 
is  co-incident  with  that  of  other  departments  of  the  University. 
The  college  has  granted  406  degrees,  400  to  men  and  6  to  women. 
200  of  these  degrees  were  doctor  of  dental  surgery  and  206  doctor 
of  dental  medicine. 

DENTON,  Frederick  W. — Associate  professor  of  mining,  1895- 
96;  professor  of  mining,  1896-98.  Native  of  New  Jersey.  Early 
education  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  including  part  of  Wis  college  work. 
Columbia  School  of  Mines,  1889.  Fellow  in  engineering,  Columbia, 
1889-90.  In  charge  of  departments  of  civil  and  mining  engineering, 
Michigan,  1890-92.  Professor  in  same  position,  1892-94.  Mining 
engineer,    Minnesota  Mining   Company,    1894-96. 

DERBY,  Ira  H. — Instructor  in  medical  chemistry,  1903-1906; 
demonstrator  in  same,  1906-07:  assistant  professor  same,  1907  to 
date. 

DETWILER,  Samuel  Bertolet— Born  September  18,  1881.  Phoe- 
nix\'ille.  Pa.  Educated,  Tale  Forestry  School;  B.  S.,  in  Forestry 
University  of  Minnesota.  Five  years  experience  in  work  of  U.  S. 
Forest  Service;  assistant  professor  in  forestry.  University  of  Min- 
nesota,  1907   to   date.     St.   Anthony  Park. 

DEWEY,  John — Professor  of  mental  and  moral  philosophy  and 
logic,  1S87-89.  Now  professor  in  the  T^niversity  of  Chicago.  B.  A. 
'79,  University  of  Vermont;  Ph.  D.  '84,  John  Hopkins;  Phi  Beta 
Kappa. 


UNIVERSITY  OP  MINNESOTA.  65 

DICKINSON,  William  P. — Professor  of  operative  dentistry  and 
dental  therapeutics,  1891-92;  professor  of  therapeutics  and  crown 
and  bridge  work,  1892-94;  professor  of  therapeutics  and  clinical 
professor  of  operative  dentistry,  1894-97;  also  secretary,  1897-98; 
also  acting  dean,  1898-99;  professor  of  materia  medica  and  dean, 
1899-1904;   professor   of   materia  medica,    1904-05. 

DINING  Hall— Erected  in  1895,  at  a  cost  of  $42,500,  and  re- 
modelled and  added  to  in  1906,  to  the  extent  of  $10,000,  is  builc  of 
Milwaukee  cream  colored  brick,  three  stories,  80x146  feet.  The 
first  story  contains  roomy  kitchens  and  a  well  lighted  dining  room, 
capable  of  seating  450  persons.  The  upper  stories  contain  dormi- 
tory room  for  sixty-eight  students.  These  are  arranged  'in  suites 
of  three,  intended  for  two  students, — a  common  sitting  room  and 
two  alcove  bedrooms. 

DIXON,    Harry   W.— Engineer,  1890  to  date. 

DODGE,  James  Albert — Born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  in  1848.  He 
went  through  the  regular  course  of  public  schools.  Graduated 
irom  the  Salem  high  school  when  fifteen  years  old.  He  entered 
Harvard  College  in  1865  and  pursued  the  classical  course.  He 
graduated  with  '69,  three  years  later  took  his  degree  of  M.  A. 
0.  aught  one  year  as  assistant  in  a  private  school  for  boys,  in  New- 
port, R.  I.  For  the  next  three  years  he  held  the  position  of  sub- 
master  in  the  Salem  high  school,  Mass.  In  the  fall  of  1873,  went 
to  iilurope  to  study  scientific  specialties.  He  spent  a  half  year 
at  the  University  of  Berlin,  in  the  chemical  laboratory  under  the 
direction  of  Hofmann;  tnen  a  half  year  at  the  University  of  Heidel- 
berg as  a  pupil  of  Bunsen,  Kirchoff  and  Kopp.  He  next  went  to 
i:.ngland  and  studied  under  Professor  Roscoe  for  eight  months,  at 
Owen's  College,  now  known  as  Victoria  University,  Manchester. 
In  the  summer  of  1875  he  returned  home  and  taught  one  year 
in  the  high  school  at  Omaha,  Neb.  In  the  fall  of  1876  he  again 
went  abroad  and  spent  six  months  at  the  University  of  Leipzig, 
chieflj'-  in  the  chemical  laboratory,  airecteu  by  Professor  Kolbe. 
In  the  spring  of  1877  he  went  to  Heidelberg  again  and  remained 
one  year  working  in  Professor  Bunsen's  laboratory.  A  year  later 
ne  received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.,  summa  cum  laude.  Returned 
home,  he  became  Professor  of  Natural  Science  in  Baldwin  Univer- 
sity, at  Berea,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  for  two  years.  In  1880 
he  was  elected  as  professor  of  chemistry  in  the  University.  Re- 
signed in  1893  to  go  west  on  account  of  his  wife's  health. 

DONALDSON,  Arls  B. — Professor  of  rhetoric  and  English  liter- 
ature from  1869  to  1874.  Deceased.  Member  of  the  first  Uni- 
versity faculty. 

DONALDSON,  Ronald  S.,  Farmington — Appointed  regent  1869, 
re-appointed  1869,   served  to  end  of  1871. 

DONNELLY,  Ignatius,  Ninninger — Regent  ex-ofRcio,  as  lieuten- 
ant-governor,  February  14,   1860-March  3,  1863. 

DO  RIVI I  TORIES— The  policy  of  the  University  has  been  not  to 
provide  dormitories  for  students,  save  for  those  attending  the 
school  of  agriculture,  where  conditions  have  made  such  a  policy 
almost  imperative. 

DORR  Drinking  Fountain,  The — This  fountain  was  erected  in 
1902  by  Caleb  D.  Dorr,  of  Minneapolis.  It  is  a  graceful  shaft  of 
granite  mounted  on  a  suitable  pedestal  of  the  same  stone,  de- 
signed by  Ernest  Kennedy,  Ex-'88.  It  is  located  at  the  Intersec- 
tion of  the  driveways  nearest  the  physics  building  a,nd  about 
equally  distant   from   that  building  and   the   chemistry  building. 

DOWNEY,  Hal.— Born  October  4,  1877,  State  College,  Pa.  Edu- 
cated  in    Minneapolis   Public    Schools;    Realgymnasium   I,   Hanover, 


^5-  niCTIONAKY  'OF  THE 

Germans-;  B.  A.,  University  of  Minnesota,  1903;  M.  A.,  1904.  With 
U.  S.  Army  in  the  Philippines,  189i8-1899.  Scholar  in  animal  biol- 
ogy, University,  1901-03;  assistant,  191)3-04;  instructor,  1904-07; 
assistant  professor,   1907   to  date.     1206   Seventh  street  southeast. 

DOWNEY,  John  F. — Born  January  10,  1846,  Hlramsburg,  Ohio. 
B.  S.,  Hillsdale,  1870;  M.  S.,  same,  1873;  M.  A.,  same,  1877;  gradu- 
ate work  at  Michigan,  1871-72;  C.  E.,  State  College,  Pa.,  1877;  at- 
tended lectures  in  mathematics  at  Universities  or  Edinburgh  and 
Goitingen,  1901-02.  11th  Michigan  infantry,  1864-6i5;  instructor  In 
Hillsdale,  1870-71;  principal  of  schools,  Cassopolis,  Mich.,  1871-72; 
proiessor  of  mathematics,  State  College,  Pa.,  1873-80;  professor  of 
mathematics  and  astronomy,  University,  1880-94;  mathematics  only, 
1894  icT  date;  dean  of  the  college  of  science,  literature  and  the 
arts,  1903  to  date.  Author  of  Higher  Algebra;  Elements  of  Dif- 
ferentiation and  Integration.  Lecturer  on  scientlHc,  educational 
^nd  popular  subjects.  Member  of  the  Mathematical  Society;  G. 
A.  R. ;  Phi  Beta  Kappa.     825  Fifth  street  southeast. 

DRAGON,  The — An  organization  of  men  of  the  freshman  class 
for    tne    purpose    of    promoting   good-fellowship. 

DRAMATIC  Club,  The — An  organization  of  students  of  the 
University  wno  are  interested  in  dramatic  affairs  ana  who  have 
demonstrated  dramatic  ability.  This  organization  gives  one,  or 
more,  plays  annually,  usually  in  some  down-town  theatre.  The 
Club  has  also  taken  short  trips  out  into  some  of  the  larger  cities 
of  the  state  for  the  purpose  of  presenting  plays  whicn  have  been 
put  on  at  home.  Organized  February  21,  1896.  There  seems  to 
have  been  some  sort  of  a  dramatic  organization  in  existence,  as 
far  back  as  the  spring  of  1892,  but  it  is  impossible  to  learn  defi- 
nitely about  its  doings.  A  play  entitled  "A  Box  of  Monkeys"  was 
given  in  chapel  in  the  spring  of  1892,  and  it  was  at  this  play  that 
a  fire  was  started  which  destroyed  the  top  floor  of  the  old  main. 
No  record  can  be  found  of  anything  between  this  date  and  the 
following: 

In  1896,  soon  after  the  organization  of  the  club,  David  Garrick 
was  given  under  the  direction  of  Professors  IvicDermott  and  Mc- 
Clumpha.  The  next  spring,  under  the  direction  of  the  same  pro- 
fessors,   The  Rivals   was  put   on. 

1897-98 — Play  presented  In  the  Armory,  February  22,  "Our  Boys." 
1898-99 — -Twelfth  Nig-ht"  was  given. 

1899-00— Play  presented  at  the  Lyceum,  February  26,  1900,  "The 
School  lor  Scandal."     Under  direction  of  Clayton  D.  Gilbert. 

1900-01 — ^Plays  given  at  the  Lyceum  Theatre,  February  11,  1901, 
were  "A  Woman's  Won't,"  "At  the  Barricade,"  and  "A  Flower  of 
Yeddo." 

1901-02 — Plays  presented  at  the  Lyceum  Theatre,  February  10, 
1902,    "The   Old  Musician"   and   "The   Romanesques." 

1902-03 — Play  given  was  "One  Summer's  Day,"  at  the  Lyceum 
Theatre,  February  23,  St.  Cloud,  February  26,  Fergus  Falls,  Feb- 
ruary 27,  Moorhead,  February  28,  Mankato,  April  17,  and  Faribault, 
April  IS,   1903. 

1903-04 — "One  Nig-ht  Only,"  was  given  February  3,  at  the  East 
high  school   auditorium. 

1904-05 — Plays  were  given  as  follows:  "A  Pair  of  Spectacles," 
at  the  Lyceum  Theatre,  November  4,  1904.  "The  Pillars  of  So- 
ciety." Under  direction  of  Charles  Mead  Holt  and  Richard  Bur- 
ton. 

1905-06 — "Nance  Oldfield"  and  "Cricket  on  the  Hearth" — Unique 
Theatre,  December  14,  1906;  Faribault,  February  22,  1906;  Hast- 
ings, March  2,  1906.  Under  direction  of  Charles  M.  Holt  and 
Samuel  Andrews. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNEJSOTA.  67 

1906-07 — The  plays,  '"My  Lord  in  Livery,"  "Her  Picture,"  "A 
Man  of  Letters,"  were  given  by  the  club  assisted  by  Dr.  Richard 
Burton,  at  the  Johnson  School,  November  8,  1906;  "Tulu,"  was 
presented    in    Ghapel,    March    22,    1907;      Twelfth    Night,"    given    on 

the  campus     afternoon  and  evening  of  May ,  and  June  14,  1907, 

under   direction    of  Mr.    and   Mrs.    Charles   Mead   Holt. 

1907-CS^'Esmeralda"  Avas  given  at  Litchfield,  "Willmar,  Ben- 
son, vjranite  Falls,  and  Glencoe,  during  the  holiday  vacation.  It 
was  also  given  at  the  Holt  School  hall,  on  the  evening  of  January 
16,  under  the  direction  of  Professor  Charles  M.  Holt. 

DREW,  James  Meddick — Born  February  17,  1863,  Rollingstone 
Valley,  Minn.  Graduate  of  the  "Winona  Normal;  two  years  Cor- 
nell course  in  agriculture;  taught  in  tne  district  school  for  a  term. 
Instructor  In  School  of  Agriculture  since  1893.  Registrar  of  the 
school   since   1903.     1307    Chelmsford   street,  St.  Anthony  Park,  Minn. 

DRILL  Hall— Erected  in  1893  a,t  a  cost  of  $30,000.  It  is  built 
of  red  pressed  brick,  and  contains  an  armory,  which  on  occasion  is 
used  as  an  auditorium,  gymnasium,  the  offices  of  tne  entomologist, 
veterinarian,  and  profeiisor  of  animal  industry.  It  also  contains 
class  rooms  for  instruction  m  carpentry  and  drawing.  It  has  dor- 
mitory  facilities   for   eight   students. 

DULUTH,  Minn., — Northern  Minnesota  Alumni  Association — 
This  is  one  of  the  most  vigorous  and  the  largest  .local  associations 
of  ainmni.  Its  membership  embra-ces  alumni  living  in  Duluth  and 
vicinity.  The  off'cers  are  Fred  C.  Bowman,  1879,  president;  H.  J, 
Grannis,  vice-president;  John  W.  Powell,  1893,  secretaxy;  Wm.  H. 
Hoyt.  treasurer.  This  association  usually  holds  its  annual  ban- 
quet in  June. 

DUNKEL,   Otto — Instructor  in  mathematics,   1905-06. 

DUNN,  James  H. — Professor  of  diseases  of  genito-ui'inary  or- 
gans, 1888-04. 

DUNNELL,  Mark  H.,  Owatonna-— Superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction and  ex-officio  regent,  1868  to  July  31,  1870. 

DUNNING,  A.  W. — Clinical  instructor  in  mental  and  nervous 
diseases,   1897  to  date.     EYidicott  Arcade,   St.   Paul. 

DUNSMOOR,  Frederick  A. — Professor  of  clinical  and  operative 
surgery,   1888  to  date.     Andrus  building.     1413  Harmon  Place. 

DUNWOODY  Prize,  The — Mr.  William  H.  Dunwoody,  president 
of  the  St,  Anthony  and  Dakota  Elevator  Company,  ha.?  provided 
an  annual  cash  prize  of  $75  for  the  members  of  the  team  winning 
the  senior  debate.  See  Peavey-Dunwoody  prize.  In  1903.  when 
these  prizes  were  first  offered,  M.  H.  Halloran.  B.  B.  Heuston  and 
Nellie  Cashman  won  the  debate  prize  and  E.  C.  O'Brien  won  that 
for  oratory.  In  1904.  the  prize  for  debate  went  to  Paul  Straton,  J.  Z. 
Nebbergall  and  J.  F.  Sinclair. 

In  1907.  the  debate  prizes  went  to  T.  H.  Uzzell,  S.  H.  Peterson 
and  Max  Lowenthal. 

DURMENT,  Edmund  S. — Born  March  19,  1860,  Brown  county, 
Ind.  LL.  B.,  Columbia  University,  1884.  Special  lecturer  on  rights 
of  eminent  domain,  college  of  law,  1907  to  date.  General  practice 
of  law,   Durment   &   Moore.      St.   Paul. 

DYBEVICK,  Ivare  O. — Born  April  21,  1872.  Norway.  Public 
schools  of  Norway  and  tne  United  States.  Two  terms  at  the  Min- 
nesota Dairy  School.  Twelve  years  as  practical  butter  maker  and 
two  years  as  dairy  and  food  inspector.  Instructor  In  pasteurizing, 
1903   to    date.     Address   Dairy   and   Food   Commission,    St.    Paul. 

DYE,  John  W. — Director  of  the  gymnasium  of  the  school  of 
agriculture,   1903-04. 


68  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

EARNINGS  of  Students — In  the  spring  of  1907,  forty-seven 
typical  students  reported  the  facts  concerning  then-  earnings  for 
one  year  of  tneir  college  course.     The  statistics  follow: 

$11,613.50  was  earned  annually  by  these  students.  The  amount 
of  time,  per  week  devoted  to  earning  money,  ran  from  four  to 
forty-four  hours  per  week;  the  amount  of  money  earned,  during 
the  college  year,  from  $25  to  $800,  averaging,  $247.10,  the  average 
amount  of  time  devoted  to  outside  work,  oy  these  students,  315 
hours  per  week;  the  amount  of  time  devoted  to  recitations  in  the 
University,  from  nine  to  twenty  hours,  averaging  17  nours  pei* 
week;  with  required  preparations  this  would  average  at  least  forty 
hours  per  week. 

The  student  earning  the  largest  sum,  $800,  was  a  poor  student. 
He  devoted  30  hours  per  week  to  outside  work,  less  time  than  many 
of  the  students  who  have  made  excellent  records.  The  student 
devoting  the  maximum  of  44  hours  has  an  excellent  record,  while 
u.e  second  highest  42  hours  to  outside  work  has  a  passable  record. 
With  one  other  exception,  a  student  who  devotes  15  hours  per 
week  to  outside  work  and  earnea  $240  per  year,  the  general  rules 
held  that  the  students  earning  the  hig*hest  sums  were  students 
who  have  records  above  the  average.  Of  the  four  students  earn- 
ing $400,  or  more,  the  records  were — one  fair,  two  excellent,  and 
one  very  gooa. 

Twelve  of  these  students  did  simply  passable  work;  eight  did 
fair  work;  four  did  good  work;  twelve  were  ranked  as  very  good; 
and  six  as  excellent;  two  poor. 

ECKERSON,  Charles  H. — Instructor  in  mining,  1899-00'.  Bom 
at  Closter,  New  Jersey,  1877.  Graduated  from  Drisler  school.  New 
York  City  as  honor  scholar  in  1897.  Took  'his  degree  of  E.  M.  at 
Columbia  University,  1898.  Appointed  University  scholar  in  geol- 
ogy in  1898  and  took  special  work  in  geology,  palaeontology  and 
metallurgy. 

ECONOMIC  Club,  The — Is  an  organization  connected  with  the 
department  of  political  economy,  which  meets  twice  a  month  to  de- 
bate economic  and  political  subjects. 

EDDY  Henry  Turner — Born  June  9,  1844,  Stoughton,  Mass.  B. 
A.,  Tale, '1867;  Ph.  B.,  Sheffleld  Scientific  School,  1868;  A.  M.,  Yale, 
1870;  Cornell,  C.  E.,  1870;  Ph.  D.,  1872;  .LL.  D.,  Center  College, 
I89z;  studied  in  Berlin  in  1879,  and  in  Paris,  1880);  instructor  in 
field  work,  Sheffleld,  1867-68;  instructor  in  Latin  and  mathematics, 
University  of  Tennessee,  1868-69;  assistant  professor  of  mathe- 
matics and  engineering,  Cornell,  1869-73;  adjunct  professor  of 
mathematics.  Princeton,  1873-74;  professor  of  mathematics,  astron- 
omy and  civil  engineering,  University  of  Cincinnati,  1874-90;  dean 
of  the  academic  faculty  of  same,  1874-77;  and  1884-89;  acting  presi- 
dent and  president-elect,  1890,  same;  president  of  Rose  Polytech- 
nic Institute,  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  1891-94;  professor  of  engineering 
and  mechanics.  University  since  1894;  dean  of  graduate  school, 
since  1905.  Member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society;  Ameri- 
can Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  vice-president 
for  mathematics  and  physics,  1S84;  American  Mathematical  So- 
ciety; American  Physical  Society;  Society  for  Promotion  of  Engi- 
neering Education;  president  in  1896;  Ehi  Beta  Kappa;  Sigma  Xi. 
Author  of  Analytical  Geometry;  Researches  in  Graphical  Statics; 
Thermodynamics;  M'aximum  Stresses  and  Concentrated  Loads; 
a.3o  papers  in  numerous  scientific  and  technical  journals.  916 
Sixth  street  southeast. 

EDGAR,  Caroline  B. — Student  assistant  in  operative  clinic,  1892- 
93;  D.  M.  D.— same  title,  1893-95. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  69 

EDGERTON,  A.  J.,  Kasson — Regent  1S78,  re-appointed  1881  and 
immediately  resigned. 

EDITORS-IN-CHIEF  of  the  Gophers— A  list  of  the  editors-in- 
chief  of  all  Gophers,  to  1907,  will  be  found  on  page  179  of  the 
Gopher  of  1907. 

EDUCATIONAL  Club,  The — This  is  an  organization  of  instruc- 
tors in  the  college  of  education  together  with  students  registered 
for  advanced  work.  Meetings  are  held  from  time  to  time  during 
ihe  college  year  for  the  discussion  of  current  questions  in  ed^lca- 
tion  and  for  reports  and  discussions  upon  recent  educational  litera- 
ture,   booRs,    magazines   and  journals. 

EDUCATION,  The  College  of — The  first  work  in  education  as 
a  part  of  the  regular  college  course  was  offered  in  1885-86,  when 
Professor  Harry  P.  Judson,  now  President  of  the  University  of 
Chicago  delivered  a  course  of  lectures,  one  hour  a  week,  to  seniors 
in  tne  third  term.  This  course  was  continued  until  1892,  when  a 
teachers'  course,  of  two  years,  was  established,  upon  the  comple- 
tion of  which  a  University  teachers'  certificate  was  granted.  For 
one  year  Dr.  David  L.  Kiehle,  then  superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction conducted  the  course,  and  in  the  following  year  was 
appointed  prolessor  in  charge.  The  two-year  course  was  discon- 
tinued in  lS9b,  and  from  that  time  on  the  University  teachers' 
certificate  was  granted  to  graduates  of  the  college  of  science, 
literature  and  the  arts  who  had  completed  certain  prescribed  work 
in  psychology  and  in  the  history,  theory  and  practice  of  educa- 
tion. This  certificate  is  a  license  to  the  holder  to  teach  in  any 
school  of  the  state  for  two  years  without  examination,  and  at  the 
end  of  two  years  of  successful  experience  may  be  endorsed  and 
made  permanent  for  this  state. 

In  1902,  Dr.  Kiehle  resigned  from  his  work  in  the  University, 
and  Dr.  George  F.  James  was  appointed  in  his  place.  In  the  three 
succeeding  years  the  enrollment  of  students  in  this  work  increased 
from  less  than  100  to  over  300.  Additional  courses  were  offered, 
the  attendance  in  these  indicating  the  need  of  larger  opportuni- 
ties at  the  University  for  the  training  of  teachers.  In  response  to 
the  act  of  the  Legislature  in  1905  the  college  of  education  was 
authorized  by  the  regents  as  a  separate  school.  Dr.  James  was 
appointed  dean  and  was  directed  to  organize  a  course  of  study. 
The  college  ofr'ers  the  practical  and  theoretical  training  for  high 
school  teachers  and  principals,  principals  of  elementary  schools, 
supervisors  of  special  studies  and  superintendents  of  school  sys- 
tems. Students  are  enrolled  after  two  years  of  collegiate  work 
lor  a  two-year  and'  three-year  course  of  study  leading  respectively 
to  the  degrees  bachelor  of  arts  in  education  and  master  of  arts. 
Ttie  faculty  includes  now  two  professors,  one  assistant  professor 
and  one  instructor,  in  addition  to  fifteen  or  twenty  professors  from 
various  faculties  of  the  University  who  are  interested  in  one  phase 
or  another  of  teachers'  training.  The  first  class  of  four  members 
was  graduated  in  June,  1907.  Terms  of  tuition  same  as  for  the 
college  of  science,  literature  and  the  arts. 

EDUCATION  in  Minnesota— A  book  published  by  the  H.  "W. 
Wilson  Company,  in  1903.  This  book  which  contains  a  vast  amount 
of  valuable  historical  material,  relating  to  the  University  as  well 
as  to  education  in  Minnesota  in  general,  was  written  by  Dr.  David 
L.  Kiehle,  while  professor  of  pedagogy  in  the  University.  Very 
valuable  to  anyone  interested  in  looking  up  the  history  of  the 
University.  It  also  contains  a  carefully  prepared  report  upon  and 
systematic  study  of  and  arrangement  of  the  school  laws  and 
sources  of  school  support  in  the  state  of  Minnesota. 


70 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE 


EIGHTY-NINE  Memorial  Prize  in  History,  The — The  class  of 
1889,  at  graduation,  established  a  pi'ize  of  $25,  each  year,  to  b<} 
known  as  the  '89  Memorial  Prize,  and  to  tie  given  for  the  best 
thesis  upon  a  historical  topic  to  be  assigned  by  the  department. 
The  award  is  made  by  a  professor  of  history  in  some  other  insti- 
tution. 

This  prize  has  been  awarded  as  follows:  the  i-ecords  do  not 
show  an  award  for  1890  and  1891;  in  1892,  to  J.  Edward  O'Brien; 
in  1S93,  to  Hubert  C.  Carel;  in  1894,  to  Clarence  EUithorpe;  in 
18S5,  to  Alex  W.  Caldwell;  in  1896,  to  Alexander  N.  Winchell; 
in  1  97,  to  George  C.  Dunlap;  in  1898,  to  John  C.  Knox;  in  1899, 
to  LiUian  B.  Marvin;  in  1900,  not  awarded;  in  1901,  to  George  B. 
Otte;  in  1902,  to  Willard  A.  Rossman;  in  1903,  to  Ruth  West;  in 
1904,  to  Elizabeth  McLaughlin;  in  1905,  to  Frederick  A.  Wirth;  in 
1906,   to  Arthur  R.   Barnes;   in  1907,   to  Harriet   Switzer. 

ELECTRICAL  Engineering  Building — This  was  constructed  in 
1900,  at  a  cost  of  $20,000,  with  expectation  that  it  would  eventually 
form  one  of  the  wings  of  a  main  engineering  building  to  be  later 
constructed.  The  building  is  of  brick  and  slow  burning  construc- 
tion. The  main  portion  is  80x60  feet  and  two  stories  high  A 
wing,  70x90  feet,  adjoining  is  used  for  the  University  lighting  plant 
and  for  instruction  in  connection  with  the  practical  work  of  the 
course;  The  building  contains  a  standardizing  laboratory,  electro- 
chemical laboratory,  shop,  battery  room,  stock  and  toilet  rooms. 
On  the  first  floor  are  the  dynamo  laboratory,  high  tension  labora- 
tory, research  laboratories,  instrument  rooms  and  office.  On  the 
second  floor  are  the  laboratories  for  photometry,  photography, 
meter  and  lamp  testing  rooms  and  class,  drawing  and  library 
rooms  and  offices. 

ELECTRICAL  Engineering  IVluseum — This  museum  contains  a 
growing  collection  of  samples  furnished  by  various  manufacturers 
and  dealers  for  demonstrating  the  merits  of  different  products  and 
for  illustrating  ipodern  practice;  an  excellent  collection  showing 
the  development  of  electrical  instruments,  lightning  arresters, 
switches,  primary  and  secondary  batteries,  early  forms  of  dynamos 
and  motors,  lighting  apparatus  and  various  industrial  applications 
of  electricity;  also  a  collection  of  samples  from  repa'ir  shops  and 
elsev.'here,  illustrating  the  effects  of  wear,  accidents  and  abuse. 

ELLIOTT,  Adolphuis  F.  and  Mary  Ellen  Hoar  Elliott— Dr.  Elliott 
left  his  estate  to  his  wife,  and  she  left  property  which  netted  the 
sum  of  $114,000,  to  Walter  J.  Trask,  formerly  of  Minneapolis,  but 
later  of  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  an  attorney,  to  be  used  to  secure  the 
erection  of  a  building  upon  the  University  campus,  as  a  memorial 
to  her  husband.  Dr.  Elliott.  Mr.  Trask,  naturally  decided  that 
no  other  niemorial  could  be  so  fitting  to  a  physician  as  a  hospital 
and  so  made  a  tender  of  the  property  to  the  board  of  regents  of 
the  University,  for  that  purpose.  The  regents  were  willing  to 
accept  but  felt  that  tney  should  not  bind  the  state  to  support 
such  an  institution,  as  they  would  virtually  by  accepting  the  gift 
outright,  and  so  p.sked  to  be  allowed  to  hold  the  same  in  abeyance 
until  the  legislature  could  be  consulted.  This  the  trustee,  Mr. 
Trask,  very  readily  agreed  to  and  the  legislature  also  authorized 
the  acceptance  of  the  gift. 

Dr.  Elliott  was  formerly  a  practicing  physician  in  Minneapolis 
and  his  wife,  was  formerly  Miss  Mary  Ellen  Hoar,  a  daughter,  of 
Michael  Hoar,  employed  on  the  Sibley  estate  at  Weston,  fifty  years 
ago.  On,  her  mother's  death  she  was  cared  for  by  Mrs.  Richard 
Holbrook  and  assumed  the  name  Holbropk.  She  and  Dr.  Elliott 
were   married  ab6ut   1895.     Prior   to  iier   death,    Mrs.    Elliott  gave 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


71 


the  school  of  mines'  $5,000,  the  income  of  which  is  to  be  used  to 
assist  students  needing  financial  aid  to  finish  their  courses  in  that 
school. 

ELLIOTT,  Charles  Burke — Born  in  Morgan  county,  Ohio,  Janu- 
ary 6,  1861.  Marietta  College,  Marietta,  Ohio;  L.L,.  B.,  State  Uni- 
versity of  Iowa,  1881;  LL.  D..  same.  1895;  Ph.  D.,  University,  1888; 
honorary  LL.  D.,  Marietta,  1904.  Practice  of  law  in  Minneapolis, 
1884-89;  judge  of  the  municipal  court,  1890-94;  judge  of  4th  judicial 
district,  1894-05;  associate  justice  supreme  court,  1905  to  1912,  end 
of  term.  Declined  an  offer  to  be  chief  justice  of  the  Philippines. 
L-niversity  lecturer  on  corporations  and  insurance,  1889-93;  corpo- 
rations only,  1893-95;  corporations  and  international  law,  1895-96; 
international  law  only,  1896-00;  special  lecturer,  1907  to  date,  m 
college  of  law.  author  of  Law  of  Private  Corporations,  3d  edition, 
lo9o;  Law  of  Public  Corporations;  Law  of  Insurance,  3d  edition, 
1902;  Minnesota  Practice  on  Appeal;  The  United  States  ana  che 
Northeastern  Fisheries,  1888;  numerous  public  addresses  and  arti- 
cles in  American  and  foreign  reviews.  Member  of  tlie  American 
Bar  Association;  the  Minnesota  Bar  Association;  International  I>aw 
Association;  American  Society  of  International  Law;  International 
society  of  Comparative  Jurisprudence  and  Public  Law,  Berlin;  Phi 
Beta  Kappa;   Delta  Chi.     1003  Eighth  street  southeast. 

ELLIOTT  Hospital — Funds  for  the  erection  of  this  hospital  were 
provided  by  the  will  of  Mrs.  Adolphus  F.  Elliott,  who  desired  the 
net  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  certain  property  to  be  used  to  erect  a 
memorial  to  her  husband.  The  trustee,  Mr.  Walter  J.  Trask,  asked 
that  the  money,  $114,000  be  used  to  erect  a  hospital.  This  will 
be  done  in  the  near  future  and  the  hospital  will  be  erected  on  the 
site  purchased  with  the  $50,000  raised  by  the  medical  alumni  for 
the  purpose. 

ELLIOTT  Scholarship  Loan  Fund,  The — To  fulfill  the  wish  of 
the  late  Dr.  A.  F.  Elliott  to  aid  young  men  who  find  their  efforts 
to  obtain  a  practical  education  embarrassed  through  lack  of  means, 
$5,000,  the  income  from  which  amounts  to  $250  per  year,  was  placed 
in  the  hands  of  the  regents  in  1902,  to  be  used  as  a  scholai-ship 
loan  fund  for  assisting  young  men  in  the  school  of  mines.  The 
money  was  not  formally  turned  over  to  the  regents  until  1905, 
being  held  by  Mrs.  Elliott,  only  the  income  $350,  being  turned 
over.  On  the  death  of  Mrs.  Elliott  the  hioney  was  turned  over  to 
the  board  of  regents  and  is  now  invested  in  N.  P.  gold  5  per  cent' 
bonds. 

The  conditions  of  granting  the  scholarship  loans  are:  the  finan- 
cial needs  of  the  applicant,  his  scholarship,  moral  character,  en- 
thusiasm stiown  in  his  work  and  promise  of  usefulness  in  his  pro- 
fession. When  money  Is  available  it  may  be  loaned  to  pay  ex- 
penses of  worthy  students  during  sickness.  The  loans  are  to  be  re- 
paid, without  interest,  at  the  earliest  convenience  of  the  recipients. 

EMERY,  Sloan  M.,  Lake  City— Regent  1889,  resigned  April  26, 
1893. 

ENDOWMENT  of  the  University— See  Congressional  Land 
Grant. 

ENGINEERING,  College  of — History — Gopher  of  1S99.  pp.  log- 
123. 

ENGINEERING  and  the   mechanic  arts,  The  college  of— In  the 

first  action  taken  by  the  regents.  In  the  organization  of  the  Univer- 
sity,  this   college   was  organized  as  part   of  the   college-  of,  agricul-'   " 
ture  and  the   mechanic  arts.     In   the  re-organization   of. two  years, 
later,    July,    1871,    this    college    was ,  made    an    independent    cpllege 


72 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE 


with  its  own  faculty  and  course  of  study.  Practically,  however, 
this  college  continued  as  a  part  of  the  college  of  science,  litera- 
ture and  the  arts  down  to  the  year  1885-86,  when  for  the  first  time 
the  college  outlined  its  courses  for  the  full  four  years,  the  fresh- 
man and  sophomore  x'ears  having  been  previously  pursued  in  com- 
mon with  the  students  of  the  college  of  science,  literature  and  the 
arts.  The  following  year,  Professor  William  A.  Pike  was  made  di- 
rector, which  office  he  held  until  'he  was  made  dean  in  1890.  He 
continued  as  dean  until  1891,  when  Professor  Christopher  W.  Hall 
was  made  dean.  Professor  Hall  was  dean  until  1896,  when  he  re- 
signed. The  college  was  without  a  dean  until  Frederick  S.  Jones, 
professor  of  physics,  was  made  dean  in  19u2. 

Originally  courses  were  provided  in  civil  and  mechanical  engi- 
neering and  architecture.  Beginning  with  the  year  1882-83,  special 
courses  were  provided  in  shop  work  and  drawing  and  a  special 
evening  course  in  drawing.  The  following  year  these  courses  were 
more  formally  organized  into  the  "Artisans  training  school,"  which 
made  special  provision  for  giving  instruction  in  practical  shop  work 
and  mechanical  drawing,  for  those  not  prepared  to  take  up  the 
work  of  the  regular  college  courses.  This  school  was  continued  until 
1892,  when  it  was  dropped.  The  course  in  electrical  engineering 
was  first  organized  in  1887.  In  1887.  the  artisans  training  school 
became  the  school  of  practical  mechanics  and  design,  courses  in 
wood  carving  and  design  being  offered  for  the  first  time.  The  fol- 
lowing year  these  two  courses  were  separatea  ana  the  school  of 
practical  mechanics  and  the  school  of  design,  freehand  drawing 
and  wood  carving  existed  side  by  side,  and  Henry  T.  Ardley,  wa3 
given  special  charge  of  the  school  of  design  and  was  made  prin- 
cipal of  tne  school  the  following  year.  From  1898  to  1904  a  4-year 
course  in  drawing  and  industrial  art,  for  which  no  degree  was 
offered,   was   provided   in    this   college. 

In  1891,  the  school  of  mines  and  the  college  of  engineering 
were  consolidated  and  made  the  college  of  engineering,  metallurgy 
and  the  mechanic  arts.  In  addition  to  the  courses  previously  pro- 
vided in  the  college  of  engineering,  new  courses  In  mining,  metal- 
lurgy and  chemistry,  were  provided.  The  course  in  architecture 
was  dropped  at  the  close  of  the  year,  1892-93.  In  1896  the  college 
of  engineering  and  the  school  of  mines  were  finally  separated  and 
the  college  became,  what  it  is  today,  the  college  of  engineering 
arid  the  mechanic  arts.  Under  the  new  organizaton,  'instruction 
was  provided  in  civil,  mechanical  and  electrical  engineering,  and 
railway  mechanical  enginering  was  provided  as  a  special  course 
for  seniors  In  mechanical  engineering.  In  1898,  a  course  in  science 
and  technology,  was  offered.  The  purpose  was  to  gTve  a  general 
scientific  training  to  students  desiring  such  courses,  and  offering 
additional  work  leading  to  the  professional  degree  in  the  line  In 
which  the  student  might  chance  to  be  interested.  Until  1897,  the 
degree  granted  by  this  college,  was  the  bachelor's  degree.  Since 
1897,  the  degree  has  been  the  engineer's  degree,  in  the  line  of 
work  pursued.  The  growth  of  this  college,  in  the  past  few  years 
has  been  phenomenal,  the  attendance  having  doubled  in  six  years. 
The  department  is  housed  in  the  old  mechanic  arts  building,  and 
the  two  shops,  for  electrical  and  mechanical  engineering.  The 
work  in  chemistry  and  physics  is  provided  for  in  those  buildings. 
The  legislature  of  1907  made  provision  for  a  main  building  for 
this  college,  by  making  an  appropriation  of  $250,000.  It  is  ex- 
pected that  this  building  v.'ill  be  located  Just  across  the  Northern 
Pacific  tracks  from  the  present  shops,  and  later  it  is  hoped  to 
group  all  of  the  buildings  about  the  blocks  bounded  by  Pleasant 
and  Church  streets  and  the  N.  P.  tracks  and  Washington  avenue, 
the  buildings  being  so  arranged  as  to  enclose  this  tract  and  leave 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  j^ 

an  open  court  in  the  center.  The  faculty  of  this  college  includes 
fifteen  professors,  ten  assistant  professors,  eleven  instructors,  and 
eleven  machinists,  engineers  and  assistants.  Ten  non-resident 
lecturers  lectured  to  the  students  during  the  year  1906-07.  Enroll- 
ment for  same  year,  45S.  Tuition  is  $30  a  year  for  residents  and 
double  that  for  non-residents.  The  entrance  requirement  is  the 
completion  of  a  full  high  school  course.  Total  number  of  degrees 
granted  by  this  college,  455. 

By  recent  action  of  the  faculty,  approved  by  the  board  of  re- 
gents, the  degree  to  be  hereafter  granted  at  the  end  of  the  four- 
year  course  is  to  be  bachelor  of  science,  in  the  particular  line  of 
■work  pursued.  The  professional  degree  is  reserved  for  those  who 
complete  the  fifth  year's  work.  It  is  expected  that  this  will  eventu- 
ally result  in  making  the  course  a  five-year  course. 

ENGINEERING  Libraries — The  reference  libraries  of  the  several 
departments  of  this  college  are  well  supplied  with  technical  litera- 
ture. In  the  mechanic  arts  building  is  a  library  consisting  chiefly 
of  books  devoted  to  civil  engineering,  comprising  over  one  thousand 
volumes;  the  library  of  the  department  of  engineering  and  me- 
chanics numoers  eighteen  'hundred  volumes  of  choice  mathematical 
and  scientific  works;  the  departments  of  mechanical  engineering, 
and  electrical  engineering  have  excellent  collections  of  standard 
works  which  number  over  fourteen  hundred  volumes;  the  chemistry 
library  contains  over  five  hundred  technical  works;  the  drawing 
department  has  a  collection  of  between  one  and  two  hundred  vol- 
umes relating  to  drawing,  architecture  and  design.  The  above 
number,  upwards  of  four  thousand  volumes,  comprises  many  works 
which  are  the  private  property  of  professors  but  ttccessible  to  the 
students. 

ENGINEERING  Mathematics  Museum — This  department  has  a 
collection  of  apparatus  used  for  illustration  in  teaching,  several 
types  of  slide-rules,  including  those  of  Thatcher,  Faber,  KeufEel 
and  Esser,  Schureman's  computer,  Boucher's  calculator;  also  Am.s- 
ler's  polar  planimeter. 

ENGINEERING  shops — This  building  was  erected  in  1901,  at  a 
cost  of  $32,000.  It  was  intended  to  be  one  wing  of  a  main  engi- 
neering building  tc  be  constructed  later.  The  building  is  about 
60x164  feet  and  two  stories  high.  It  provides  offices,  class  rooms, 
snops,  laboratories,  drawing  rooms,  library  room,  foundry,  ma- 
chine shops.  It  is  of  slow  burning  mill  construction  and  the  ex- 
terior is   red  brick. 

ENGINEERS  Society,  The — An  organization  of  students  of  the 
college  of  engineering  for  mutual  help  and  for  the  promotion  of 
Interest  in  engineering  topics  and  for  the  discussion  of  current 
engineering  literature  and  problems.  The  society  publishes  a  year- 
book. Organized  in  1887.  Meets  twice  a  month,  during  the  col- 
lege year. 

ENGINEERS  jear  book — This  is  an  annual  publication  of  the 
society  of  engineers.  It  is  devoted  to  the  publication  of  articles 
prepared  by  professors  and  students  upon  subjects  of  special  im- 
portance to  engineers  and  is  an  expression  of  interest  in  engineer- 
ing activities  on  the  part  of  the  students.  Published  annually 
since  the  spring  of  1887. 

ENGLISH  Museum — A  few  fac-similes  of  manuscripts  plates 
that  may  serve  for  the  purpose  of  archaeological  instruction,  publi- 
cation of  texts,  reprints  of  blackletter  books  and  of  orignal  editions, 
photographs   and  portraits   have   been   gathered. 


74 


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UNrV^ERSITY  OF  MINNBSOTA.  75 

ERDNIANN,  Charles  Andrew— Born  August  3,  1866,  Milwaukee, 
Wis  Public  and  high  schools  of  Milwaukee.  Ph.  G..  Wisconsin, 
1887'-  M  D  University,  1893;  Vienna  and  London,  1899-1900.  Dem- 
onstrator of  anatomy,  1893  to  1896;  assistant  professor  of  anatomy. 
1897  to  1901;  professor,  1901  to  date.  Author  of  Manual  of  dis- 
section of  human  oody;  The  carpal  articulations  In  the  light  or 
X-ray  photography;  Autointoxication;  The  lymphatic  system;  and 
many  lesser  contributions  to  the  medical  press.  612  Ninth  avenue 
southeast. 

ERIKSON,  Henry  Anton— Born  July  30,  1869.  Mt.  Morris,  Wis. 
E  E  University,  1896;  taught  one  year  in  Rochester  high  school. 
Instructor  in  physics,  1897  to  1906;  assistant  professor  1906  to  date. 
Author  of  various  articles  upon  physical  measurements.  Sigma  XI. 
220   Church   street  southeast. 

EUTERPEAN  Club,  The— An  organization  of  young  women, 
Similar  to  the  glee  club  of  tae  young  men.  Membership  in  thi3 
club  is  conditioned  upon  the  demonstration  of  musical  abihty^ 
The  club  gives  public  concerts  each  year  and  is  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Professor  Scott  of  the  department  of  music.  This  club 
was  organized  in  1905,  and  is  the  successor  of  the  glee  club  which 
the   young  women   of   the   University  had   previously  maintained. 

EVVING,  Addison  Uuther— Born  September,  1853,  LaGrange, 
Wis  State  normal  school,  Wisconsin;  B.  S.  Cornell,  1880;  M. 
S  1885.  Taug-ht  in  district  schools,  Jefferson,  Wis.,  1876-77;  in- 
structor in  botanv,  Cornell,  1882-84;  professor  geology  and  zool- 
ogy Pa,  State  college;  1884-88,  science  teacher,  Workingman  3 
school  New  York  City;  1888-1906,  professor  of  science,  state 
normal  school.  River  Falls,  Wis.  Instructor  in  agricultural 
physics,  1906  to  date.  Author  of  report  of  geology  of  Center 
county  Pa.-  An  attempt  to  determine  the  time  for  chemical 
erosion  of  Uiltany  valley,  Pa.  Member  of  the  Awierican  associa- 
tion for  the  advancement  of  science;  New  Tork  academy  of  sci- 
ence; Wisconsin  academy  of  science;  and  other  scientific  soci- 
eties.    St.   Anthony  Park,   Minn. 

EXPENDITURES— See    Finances.  ■    f 

EXPENSE  OF  STUDENTS — This  varies  so  with  the  individual 
that  it  Is  impossible  to  give  definite  estimates  that  will  be  of 
much  use!  A  number  of  years  ago,  several  typical  students  were 
secured  to  keep  definite  account  of  their  expenses  and  to  report 
tne  same  at  the  end  of  the  year.  The  result  was  that  the  young 
men  ranged  from  $217  to  .$397;  the  same  students  earning  from 
from  S150  to  $272  each.  The  young  women  in  the  list  varied 
from  $150  to  $355.  These  figures  do  not  include  fees.  The  cost 
of  living  has  increased  during  the  past  few  years  and  it  is  prob- 
able that  25  per  cent  should  be  added  to  these  figures  to  make 
them  a  safe  estimate  for  the  present  time.  Board  ranges  at 
the  present  time  from  $2.10  upward,  in  private  families  from  $3.00 
to  $6.00  per  week  and  furnished  rooms  from  $10  to  $20  per  month. 
A  fair  average  for  a  student,  not  including  fees,  ought  to  be 
about   $260.  to  $275   a  year. 

EXPERIMENTAL  FARM,  The— In  1868,  when  the  University 
was  re-organized,  provision  was  made  for  teaching  agriculture 
and  the  purchase  of  a  farm  was  a  matter  of  necessity,  and  the 
regents  purchased  120  acres  of  land  of  Baker  &  Willis,  for  $8,500. 
This  farm  was  located  along  both  sides  of  University  avenue 
from  Oak  street  to  Prospect  Park,  and  was  used  as  an  experi- 
mental farm  until  1882.  With  the  appointment  of  Professor  Por- 
ter, In  1881,  came  a  change.  Professor  Porter  reported  the  farm 
as  being  of  little  value  for   experimental'  purposes,   recommended 


-jd  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

the  sale  of  this  farm  and  the  purchase  of  another  better  suited 
to  the  ends  to  be  sought,  experimental  demonstration  of  practical 
methods  of  farming.  Professor  Porter  finally  decided  to  recom- 
mend the  purchase  of  two  tracts  of  land,  aggregating'  in  all  about 
250  acres.  This  land  was  purchased  by  Governor  Pillsbury,  the 
tract  of  165  acres,  of  Captain  Bass,  at  $300  an  acre  and  the 
second  piece,  of  95  acres,  of  Governor  Marshall  and  Mr.  Lang- 
ford,   for  $200  an   acre,    a  total   of  $60,000. 

The  old  University  farm  was  platted  into  city  lots  and  a 
maximum  and  minimum  price  fixed  for  each  lot,  and  the  whole 
put  up  at  auction  with  the  condition  that  if  the  minimum  price 
was  not  bid,  the  lot  would  be  withdrawn  from  sale.  At  the  first 
sale,  which  took  place  1882,  only  one-half  the  lots  were  offered 
for  sale,  but  the  sum  of  $47,500  was  netted.  The  following  spring, 
1883,  a  second  auction  was  held,  and  together  with  certain  pri- 
vate sales,  netted  $80,500.00,  making  a  total  of  $128,000.  From  the 
proceeds  of  these  sales,  the  purchase  price  of  $60,000,  paid  for 
the  new  farm  by  Governor  Pillsbury,  was  refunded  to  him  and 
a  farm  house,  barn  and  station  building,  costing  about  $48,000  were 
erected  and  the  first  school  of  agriculture  building  was  erected 
at  a  cost  of  $20,000,  the  balance  wus  used  to  fence  the  farm, 
purchase  stock  and  machinery.  In  1906,  the  state  purchased 
twenty  acres,  which  were  added  to  the  farm,  at  a  cost  of  $20,000. 
In  1907,  the  legislature  appropriated  $76,000  for  the  purchase  of 
149   acres   to   be   added   to   the   farm. 

The  farm,  whic'h  now  consists  of  419  acres,  is  divided,  rough- 
ly, as  follcws:  forty  acres  for  campus,  fifty  acres  for  permanent 
pastures,    and    the    balance,    for    experimental    purposes. 

The  department  of  agriculture  also  has  an  experimental'  farm, 
of  480  acres,  at  Crookston,  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  state, 
another  farm  of  352  acres  at  Grand  Rapids,  in  the  northeastern 
part  of  the  state  A  farm,  in  southwestern  Minnesota,  at  Lynd, 
is  available  for  experimental  purposes,  and  five  seres,  constitut- 
ing an  apple  experiment  station,  at  Owatonna  is  also  under  the 
direction  of  the  board  of  regents.  This  station  was  authorized 
by  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  March  2,  1887.  The  legis- 
lature of  1907  made  an  appropriation  for  the  purchase  of  an 
experimental   fruit    farm   at    Minnetonka. 

EXPERIMENT  STATION  BUILDING— This  building  was 
erected  in  1884.  from  the  profits  on  the  sale  of  the  first  Uni- 
versity farm.     It   was   totally  destroyed   by  fire,    October   5th,    1890. 

EXTEMPO  ORATORICAL  AND  STORY  CONTEST— March 
15th,  1901,  a  contest  was  held  with  the  University  of  Nebraska 
in  which  the  representatives  of  both  institutions  were  obliged 
to  speak  extemporaneously  upon  a  sub-topic,  chosen  by  chance, 
at  the  opening  of  the  contest  from  a  number  of  such  topics 
related  to  two  general  topics  previously  announced.  In  this  con- 
test G.  L.  Caldwell,  Minnesota's  representative  won.  The  con- 
test  was   held   at  Minneapolis.      Nebraska  won    the    story   contest. 

FACULTY  DINING  CLUB — This  is  an  informal  organization 
which  includes  all  men  of  all  the  various  faculties  of  the  Uni- 
versity. The  club  meets  one  Saturday  night  each  month  of  the 
college  year  to  dine  together  and  discuss  topics  of  interest  con- 
nected  with   various   phases   of   university   life   and    activities. 

FARLEY,  F.  A. — ^Instructor  in  animal  husbandry,  school  of 
agriculture,    since    1906. 

FARMERS'  CLUB  OF  MINNESOTA— An  organization  com- 
posed of  students  and  ex-ctudents  and  members  of  the  faculty 
of  the  school  of  agriculture.  Any  one  who  has  ever  registered 
as   a  student    in    the   regular,    dairy   or   short    course    or   who   Is    or 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  -j-j 

has  been  a  teacher  in  the  school  of  agriculture,  is  eligible  to 
membership.  The  objects  of  the  association  are  to  foster  and 
strengthen  the  ties  between  the  school  and  its  former  students 
and  to  extend  the  work  of  the  school  and  experiment  station, 
among  the  farmers  of  the  state.  To  this  end  the  members  of 
the  State  club  have  formed  county  clubs  which  hold  annual 
meetings  for  the  benefit  of  the  farmers  of  the  community.  To 
quote  from  the  annual  address  of  its  president:  "The  school  of 
agriculture  is  an  institution  of  the  farmers,  for  the  farmers, 
and  supported  in  a  large  measure  by  them,  and  each  student  of 
the  school  should  use  his  Knowledge  to  better  the  conditions 
about  him.  The  state  has  invested  from  one  to  several  hundred 
dollars  in  his  education  and  expects  to  realize  on  that  invest- 
ment  by   the    knowledge   which    he   will   distribute." 

FARMERS'  INSTITUTES,  THE — These  institutes,  or  rather 
the  system  under  which  these  institutes  are  provided,  is  a  direct 
product  of  the  University.  In  the  early  eighties,  when  the  Uni- 
versity was  making  the  most  strenuous  efforts  to  get  the  farmers 
to  send  their  children  to  the  University  to  be  educated  in  agri- 
culture and  to  become  farmers,  and  when  the  feeling  against 
the  University  ran  high  and  every  session  of  the  legislature  saw 
determined  efforts  to  divide  the  University  and  make  the  depart- 
ment of  agriculture  an  independent  institution,  someone  con- 
ceived the  brilliant  idea  of  taking  education  to  the  farmer.  Presi- 
dent Northrop  became  convinced  of  the  necessity  of  doing  this 
and  looked  around  for  the  proper  man.  F.  Amos  Johnson,  then 
registrar,  suggested  the  name  of  O.  C.  Gregg,  of  Lynd  and  he 
was  sent  for.  After  a  short  talk  with  President  Northrop,  the 
president  was  convinced  that  he  had  found  the  right  man  and 
sent  him  to  Governor  Pillsbury,  the  president  of  the  board  of 
regents.  Governor  Pillsbury  became  an  enthusiastic  convert  to 
the  new  plan  and  the  man  who  proposed  it  and  volunteered  to 
provide  the  expenses  of  the  work,  if  Mr.  Gregg  would  take  hold 
of  it.  This  was  in  the  winter  of  1885,  early  in  January.  The 
work  began  that  same  winter.  A  year  later  it  was  taken  up  by 
the  board  of  regents  officially  and  provision  was  made  for  carry- 
ing on  institutes  during  the  spring  of  1886.  This  plan  was  fol- 
lowed for  one  year  when  the  legislature  of  1887,  made  an  appro- 
priation of  S7,500  for  carrying  on  this  work  on  a  larger  scale. 
Mr.  O.  C.  Gregg,  was  chosen  superintendent,  in  April  1887,  and 
has  held  that  position  for  twenty  years.  The  board  of  regents 
have  always  been  represented,  officially,  on  the  board  of  mana- 
gers of  these  institutes,  and  at  the  present  time  it  is  repre- 
sented by  three  members,  the  other  three  members  being  the 
presidents  of  state  societies  of  agriculture,  and  horticulture  and 
the  state  dairy  association.  Ttie  appropriation  has  increased  to 
$12,500  annually.  The  school  of  agriculture  was  a  direct  out- 
growth of  the  field  work  of  the  farmers'  institutes.  The  organ- 
ization of  the  institutes  under  University  supervision  is  undoubt- 
edly responsible  for  the  fact  that  the  University  has  been  kept 
intact  and  its  agricultural  department  an  integral  part  of  the 
University. 

FARM  HOUSE— Erected  in  1884,  at  a  cost  of  $25,000,  from 
the  profits  on  the  sale  of  the  first  University  farm.  It  is  a  frame 
structure  38  x  701  feet,  and  contains,  besides  apartments  for  the 
professor  of  agrriculture  and  foreman,  rooms  for  laborers  and  stu- 
dents, and  one  wing  temporarily  serves  as  a  seed  breeding  lab- 
oratory. 

FARM  MACHINERY  BUI LDING— This  building  was  erected 
in  1904,  at  a  cost  of  $5,000. 


78  "  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

FARM  STUDENTS'  REVIEW,  The — A  monthly  agricultural 
paper  owned  and  published  by  the  Alumni  association  of  the 
school  of  agriculture.  The  paper  is  intended  to  be  a  medium  by 
which  the  former  students  of  the  institution  shall  be  kept  in 
touch  with  each  other  and  also  with  the  school  and  experiment 
station.  It  also  endeavors  to  bring  the  farmers  throughout  the 
state  generally,  into  closer  connection  with  the  Institution  and 
to  this  end  strives  to  present  the  latest  progress  in  experimental 
work  at  the  various  stations.  It  is  the  official  organ  of  the 
Alumni    association    and    of    the    Farmers'    club. 

FARR,  R.  E. — Assistant  in  surgery,  1902-1906;  clinical  assist- 
ant,  same,    1907    to   date.      Syndicate   block. 

FEDERATED  LITERARY  SOCIETIES  Of  the  University  of 
Minnesota,  The' — The  purpose  of  this  federation  of  literary  soci- 
ties  of  the  University  is  the  promotion  of  general  literary  and 
oratorical  work  in  the  University.  Organized  in  1896.  This 
federation  holds  four  meetings  each  year  at  which  programs  are 
given  by  members  of  the  various  societies  composing  the  federa- 
tion. Societies  represented  are  the  Forum,  Shakopean,  Castalian, 
Minerva,  and  Arena.  This  federation  is  now  known  as  the 
Minnesota  literary  union. 

FERGUS  FALLS,  Minn. — There  has  been  an  alumni  association 
in  existence  at  Fergus  Falls,  for  a  number  of  years,  its  activi- 
ties 'have  been  mainly  confined  to  holding  an  annual  banquet 
and  reunion. 

FELLOWSHIP  ASSOCIATION,  The— Incorporated  March  10th, 
188S.  Its  object  being  the  encouragement  of  graduate  students  in 
special  lines  of  work,  and  to  that  end  to  raise  a  fund  by  endow- 
ment, gift,  or  bequest,  or  annual  contributions  of  members,  to 
carry  out  the  purpose  of  the  organization.  This  association  has 
supported  fellows  as  follows:  1888,  U.  S.  Grant;  1889,  K.  C.  Bab- 
cock  and  O.  L.  Triggs;  1890,  J.  B.  Pike  and  Louise  Montgomery; 
1891,  T.  G.  Soares  and  C.  P.  Lommon;  1892,  Andrew  Nelson;  1893, 
Elizabeth  Peters:  1894  no  appointment;  1896,  Alexander  N.  Win- 
chell;  11896  appointee  ill,  no  call  for  funds;  1897.  Paul  W.  Glasoe; 
1898,  Harold  M.   Stanford;  1903,  Ernest  E.  Hemmingway. 

FIELD,    Walter    E.— Superintendent   of   the   farm   1871-1873. 

FINANCES — The  income  of  the  University  is  received  from 
five  principal  sources.  The  first  is  the  direct  appropriations  made 
by  the  state  legislature  for  general  expense  and  special  appro- 
priations for  buildings  and  standing  tax  levies.  The  second  is 
direct  appropriations  from  the  United  States  government,  from 
the  Hatch,  Morrill,  Nelson  and  Adams  bills.  The  third  is  from 
fees  for  tuition  and  to  cover  the  cost  of  laboratory  material'.  The 
fourth  is  fnjjTi  th*^  income  from  the  permanent  endowment,  which 
has  been  created  by  the  Gale  of  stumpage,  lands  and  mineral 
rights,  from  lands  granted  by  Congress  to  endow  the  Univer- 
•sity.      The   fifth   is   from   sales   and   miscellaneous   sources. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  income  from  each  of  these 
sources  for   the   year  ending  July  31st,   1907. 
RECEIPTS. 

Auditor's  balance,  August  1,  1906 $37,269.53 

Auditor's  balance  in  fuel  fund,  August  1,  1906 4,794.65 

Receipts,  year  1905-06,  turned  Into  treasury  after  August 

1.    1906    40,091.96 

Receipts    from   kitchen    and    dining    hall    fund,    school    of 
agriculture  to  replace  amount  advanced  from  current 

ext)ense'  fund ..................'         2,045.46 

Total ...".,  $84,201.61 


UNTVBRSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


19 


Less  June  and  July  bills  paid  after  August  1,  1906 14,821.38 

Total $69,3i0.23 

Revolving  fund    2,800 .  00 

True  balance  August  1,  1906 $72,180.23 

From  the  United  States  government — 
Grants  made  by  the  government  approved  March  2,  1861, 
and  July  2,  1862,  being  interest  on  the  bonds  of  vari- 
ous states  in  which  the  resulting  funds  are  invested  50,885.54 

Interest  on  bank  deposits 1,011 .  06 

United  States  Treasurer  Hatch  fund,  year  1906-07... 15,000.00 

United  States  Treasurer  Morrill  fund 25,000.00 

United  States  Treasurer  Nelson  fund 5,000.00 

United    States    'treasurer    Adams    fund' — three    quarterly 

payments    - 5,250.00 


(First  quarterly  payment  for  year  1906-07  and  $5,000  for 
year  1905-06  included  in  auditor's  balance  August  1, 
1906). 


Total  from  United  States  government $102,146 .  60 

From  state  appropriations — 

Twenty-three  one  hundredths  of  one-mill  revenue  tax. .  .$205,051.09 

Additional  appropriation    60,000.00 

Total  from  the  state $265,051.09 

From  the  University — 

Students'   fees   $137,946.15 

Dental  infirmary  receipts 10,470 .  65 

Miscellaneous    receipts    , j 1,493.25 

School  of  agriculture — sales  and  fees 10,478 .  61 

The  experiment  station — sales 8,818.22 

Total  from  the  University $169,206.88 

Total  receipts  $608,584.80 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

Pay  rolls.  Bills. 

August    , $10,937.42         

September  34,767.26  $7,205.58 

October 37,005.57  11,990.67 

November 37,918.00  9,911.60 

December    37,101.25  14,262.53 

January    37,510.53  8,703.98 

February    37,760.28  8,864.24 

March    39,974.07  6,641.87 

April     37,701.13  12.369.73 

May    38,769.54  8,314.48 

June    38,401.37  6,f06.02 

July    12,398.20  9,414.25 

Total $400,244.62         $104,584.95 

Fees  paid  county  treasurer  by  state  auditor 168. OC 

Bi'i.s    paid    from    curront    expense,    later    transferred    to 

insectary    equipment   fund ; 183.45 

Fuel   bills    32.590.46 

Payrolls   400,244.62 

Total    disbursements $537,771.54 

True  balance  August  1.  1907 $70,813.26 


3o  DICTIONARY   OF  THE 

FIRES — The  Univiersity  has  had  fifteen  fires  during  the 
course  of  its  existence.  December  3d,  1888,  the  agricultural 
building,  on  the  campus,  which  contained  the  plant  house  and 
chemical  laboratory,  was  totally  destroyed,  insurance  received, 
$'5,087.00.  October  5th,  1890,  the  station  building,  at  the  Uni- 
versity farm  burned,  total  destruction,  insurance  received, 
$1G,000.00  Pillsbury  liall  suffered  by  fire  December  3d,  18S9,  the 
msurance  received  covered  loss,  $10,355.50.  The  old  main  was 
partially  burned  twice  and  was  finally  destroyed,  September  24th, 
1904.  The  first  fire  occurred  January  3d,  1890,  the  loss  was  cov- 
ered by  insurance  which  was  collected  to  the  extent  of  $5,587.06. 
The  second  fire  was  that  of  April  30th,  1892,  the  evening  when 
a  "Box  of  monkeys"  was  being  given  in  chapel.  The  loss,  fully 
covered  by  insurance,  was  $2,887.90  on  contents  and  $6,423.99,  on 
the  building.  When  this  building  was  finally  destroyed,  insur- 
ance was  collected  on  the  contents  to  the  extent  of  $5,000,  and 
on  the  building  itself,  $58,000.00.  The  Coliseum  was  totally 
detroyed  by  fire,  July  24th,  j.894,  insurance  collected  was  $19,000. 
A  fire  in  the  mechanic  arts  building,  January  13th,  1895,  caused 
a  loss  of  $1,662.32  on  contents  and  $806.00  on  the  building.  A 
second  fire  occurred  in  this  building,  October  29th,  1904,  the 
loss  on  the  contents  being  $3,646.30,  and  on  the  building,  $1,285.46., 
fully  covered  by  insurance.  The  laboratory  of  medical  chem- 
istry, suffered  by  fire,  February  23d,  1901,  the  loss  on  the  con- 
tents being  $1,664.11  and  on  the  building,  $2,571.71;  fully  cov- 
ered by  insurance.  The  medical  building,  now  Millard  hall,  was 
injured  by  fire,  July  22nd,  1905,  the  contents  suffering  to  the 
extent  of  $1,083.45,  and  the  building  to  the  extent  of  $3,540.22. 
The  anatomical  building,  was  partially  burned  January  29th, 
1902,  the  loss  was  fully  covered  by  insurance,  and  was  $2,564.70, 
and  on  the  building,  $5,006.73.  The  ore  testing  building  was 
injured  by  fire,  August  29th,  1902,  the  loss,  covered  by  insurance, 
was  $2,300.00  on  the  contents  and  $4,112.33  on  the  building.  July 
25th,  1905,  the  anatomical  building,  suffered  a  second  time  by 
fire,  the  loss  was  covered  by  insurance  and  was  $1,226.56  on  the 
contents  and  $881.84  on  the  building.  The  physical  laboratory 
was  injured  by  fire,  to  the  extent  of  $50,  in  June  1898,  the  in- 
surance being  collected  to  cover  loss.  Originally,  all  money  col- 
lected from  insurance  was  used  by  the  regents  to  replace  the 
loss  occasioned  by  fire.  Later,  when  the  Coliseum  burned,  the 
state  auditor  ruled  that  money  collected  on  buildings  burned, 
when  the  loss  was  complete,  must  go  into  the  general  revenue 
fund  of  the  state  and  must  be  appropriated  to  the  institution  by 
the  legislature.  This  rule  has  not  always  been  followed  strictly, 
but  it  has  been  the  rule,  and  the  latest  case  in  point  is  the 
appropriation  of  the  $58,000  insurance  collected  on  the  old  main 
toward  the  erection  of  Folwell  hall.  Information  furnished  by  D. 
W.  Sprague. 

FIRKINS,  Ina — B.  L.,  University,  1888;  assistant  In  the  library 
since  1889.  Now  reference  librarian.  1528  Fourth  street  south- 
east. 

FIRKINS,  Oscar  W.— B.  A.,  University,  1884;  M.  A.,  1898; 
assistant  rhetoric  1891-97;  instructor  in  rhetoric,  1897-1905;  in- 
structor in  English  and  rhetoric,  1905-06;  in  English  only  1906 
to  date.     1528  Fourth  street  southeast. 

FIRST  BUILDING — What  was  known  as  the  "academy  build- 
ing" was  erected  in  1851,  at  a  cost  of  approximately  $2,500,  by 
public  subscription.  The  building  had  two  stories  with  high 
basement   and    stood    30   x   50    feet    on    the   ground.      The    building 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  8l 

was  erected  on  grround  donated  by  Franklin  Steele,  "being  that 
part  of  tile  green  set  apart  for  public  purposes,  together  with 
six  lots  in  the  rear."  This  amounted  to  about  four  acres  and 
was  locaied  somewhere  between  what  is  now  known  as^  Central 
and  First  avenues  and  University  avenue  and  Second  street 
southeast.  This  land  was  never  formally  transferred  to  the 
University  and  was  finally  quit-claimed  by  the  board  of  regents 
in  1862  to  the  St.  Anthony  water  power  company,  in  considera- 
tion of  the  surrender  by  the  said  company  of  certain  notes  of 
the  board  of  regents  held  by  it.  These  notes,  with  interest 
amounted  to  $4,387.50.  The  building  was  sold  to  Franklin  Steele, 
who  paid  for  the  same  by  assuming  the  amount  or  the  Indebt- 
edness of  the  University  to  Paul  R.  George,  incurred  by  the 
purchase  of  the  new  (part  of  the  present)  campus.  The  build- 
ing practically  passed  out  of  the  hands  of  the  regents  May  28th, 
1856.     It  was  finally  burned  in  November  1864. 

FIRST  FACULTY— Appoinited  August  23id,  1869.  William 
Watts  Folwell,  president  and  professor  of  mathemaitcs;  G.  Camp- 
bell, professor  of  moral  and  intellectual  philosophy  and  instructor 
in  German;  Edward  H.  Twining,  professor  of  chemistry  and 
instructor  in  French;  Versal  J.  Walker,  professor  of  Latin;  Jabez 
Brooks,  professor  of  Greek;  A.  B.  Donaldson,  professor  of  rhet- 
oric and  English  literature.  Major-general  R.  W.  Johnson,  U. 
S.  A.,  professor  of  military  science  and  tactics;  D.  A.  Robert- 
son,  professor   of  agriculture;   Arthur  Beardsley,   tutor. 

FISH,  Daniel— Born  January  31st,  1848,  Cherry  Valley,  In. 
Admitted  to  bar,  Iowa  1871;  member  of  commission  to  codify 
Minnesota  laws.  Special  lecturer  on  statutory  construction,  1907 
to  date.  Engaged  in  general  practice  of  law.  New  York  Life 
building. 

FISK,    James    A. — Instructor   in   dairy  laboratory,   1905-06. 

FJELDE  RELIEF  FIGURES,  Library  cortile— See  Ariel  of 
May   16th,   1896,   article   by   D.    W.    Sprague,   accountant. 

FLAG  POLE — The  pole  is  a  magnificent  specimen  of  Puget 
sound  fir  tree  and  the  gift  of  Messrs  Lewis  Schwager,  '95,  Law, 
'96,  and  Walter  Nettleton,  ex-' 00,  of  Seattle,  Washington.  The 
pole  is  six  inches  in  diameter  at  the  top  and  sligntly  over  two 
feet  at  the  base  and  stands  one  hundred  fifty  feet  clear  of  the 
ground.  The  pole  had  to  be  shipped  in  two  pieces  and  splicing 
it  caused  a  loss  of  six  or  eight  feet.  The  pole  is  set  in  a  bed 
of  solid  concrete  extending  twelve  feet  below  the  surface. 

FLETCHER,  Henry  J. — Professor  of  property,  1894-98;  real 
property,  1808  to  date.     75  Dell  place. 

FLIGMAN,   Louis  H. — Assistant  in  physiology,  1900-02. 

FOLWELL  HALL— Named  in  honor  of  Dr.  William  Watts  Fol- 
well, first  president  of  the  University.  The  legislature  of  1905 
made  an  appropriation  of  $350,000  for  the  erection  of  this  build- 
ing. It  was  also  agreed  that  the  insurance  received  from  the 
"old  main"  should  be  used  to  help  erect  and  equip  this  building. 
This  action  added  165,000  making  the  amount  available  $415,000. 
The  building  faces  University  avenue  and  stands  back  about  forty 
feet  from  the  sidewalk,  extending  from  I'Sth  to  10th  avenues. 
The  building  is  fire-proof  throughout  and  is  constructed  of  brick, 
terra  cotta  made  In  imitation  of  granite,  with  cut  granite  used 
for  foundation  and  basement.  Concrete  is  tised  for  floors  and 
.•wme  walls,  and  tiling  for  the  balance  of  the  walls.  The  wood 
work    is    oak,    stained    dark    and    the    furniture    is    mission    style 


82 


DICTIONART  OF  THE 


UNIVERSITY  OP  MINNElSOTA.  83 

throughout.  "The  hall  of  the  main  floor  is  lined  throughout  with 
a  very  fine  grade  of  marble.  The  building  is  322  x  80  feet  and 
provides  about  90,000  square  feet  of  floor  space.  It  has  three 
stories  above  the  basement  and  provides  for  the  departments  of 
astronomy,  drawing,  education,  French,  German,  Greek,  Latin, 
mathematics  oratory,  philosophy,  philology,  rhetoric,  Scandinavian, 
sociology,  Spanish.  In  addition  to  tlie  full  equipment  of  class- 
rooms, ofRces,  studies,  seminars,  museums,  etc.,  for  the  depart- 
ments above  mentioned,  the  building  contains  the  office  of  the 
deans  of  the  college  of  science,  literature  and  the  arts,  and  the 
college  of  education;  the  office  of  the  General  alumni  associa- 
tion; offices  for  the  various  University  publications;  for  the  liter- 
ary societies;  study  looms  for  men  and  women;  a  faculty  parlor; 
the  University  post  oliice;  janitors'  rooms,  toilet  rooms,  work 
rooms,  etc.  Work  on  basement  was  begun  in  the  fall  of  1906  and 
the    building   was    completed    and    occupied    in    September,    1907. 

FOLWELL,  William  Watts— Born  at  Romulus.  N.  Y.,  Febru- 
ary 14th,  1S33.  Hobart  college,  1857;  J^L.  D.,  same,  1880;  taught 
languages  in  Ovid  academy,  1857-58;  adjunct  professor  of  mathe- 
matics, Hobart,  185S-60;  student  in  Berlin,  1860-61;  member  of 
the  50th  New  York  volunteers;  1st  lieutenant  tO'  major;  brevet 
lieutenant  colonel,  1862-ii5,  engineers  corps;  professor  in  Kenyon 
college.    Gambler,    Ohio,    1869;   President   of  the   University   of  Min- 


William  Watts  Folwell 

nesota.  1869-84;  ex-offioio  le^eut  fur  same  period;  professor  of 
political  science  from  1875-07;  librarian  from  1869-06.  Minnesota 
centennial  commissioner  1870;  president  of  Minneapolis  society  of 
fine  arts,  1882-92;  member  of  the  Board  of  park  commissioners, 
1SS9-06;  president  of  same,   1894-01;  acting  president  of  the  Amer- 


84  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

lean  economic  association,  1892;  chairman  of  the  State  board  of 
corrections  and  charities,  1895-01;  president  of  tlie  Minneapolis 
Improvement  league,  1902-05;  author  of  numerous  addresses  and 
papers  and  a  History  of  Minnesota  which  is  about  to  be  pub- 
lished. For  fuller  biographical  sketch,  see  Gopher  of  li889,  pp. 
107-112.     102C    Fifth    street    southeast. 

FOOT  BALL — This  publication  was  issued  during  the  fall  of 
1899,  the  first  issue  coming  out  October  17,  the  last  issue 
being  that  of  November  24th.  It  was  started  for  the  express 
purpose  of  arousing  interest  in  football  and  to  support  the  team. 
This  publication  was  the  direct  forerunner  of  the  Minnesota  Daily 
which   was   started   in   the   spring   of   the   following   year. 

FOOTBALL — There  is  no  record  of  the  date  of  the  introduction 
of  football  at  the  University.  The  first  game  with  an  outside 
team  was  played  September  30th,  1882,  with  Hamline  university. 
The  occasion  was  the  first  inter-collegiate  athletic  meeting  in 
which  Minnesota  ever  participated.  The  game  lasted  fifty-six 
minutes  and  Minnesota  won  by  two  goals.  Later  the  same  sea- 
son Hamline  defeated  the  University  through  a  misunderstanding 
of  a  call  made  by  one  of  the  spectators  which  members  of  the 
team  supposed  tc  be  the  call  of  the  umpire.  The  following  year, 
1883,  Minnesota  won  every  game  but  the  one  at  Northfield,  and 
there  she  got  a  hard  drubbing.  In  1884  and  18S5,  football  seems 
to  have  dropped  out  of  existence,  save  on  paper,  the  Ariel  mak- 
ing futile  appeals  for  candidates  to  come  out  and  for  the  stu- 
dents to  support  the  team.  In  1886,  Professor  Jones  gave  the 
team  some  instrurtion  in  the  elements  of  the  game  and  the  team 
went  to  Faribault  and  defeated  Shattuck.  Later  in  the  season 
Shattuck  came  to  Minneapolis  and  defeated  the  University  18  to 
8.  This  was  the  first  game  for  which  admission  was  charged 
In  1SS7,  the  high  school  team  was  defeated  and  there  was  talk 
of  t.aking  od  Michigaji,  but  it  ended  in  talk  only.  In  the  fall  of 
1888,  "the  mighty  football  class"  of  1892  entered  the  University 
and  football  began  to  assume  a  larger  place  in  University  life. 
That  fall  but  two  games  were  played  and  those  with  Shattuck, 
honors  being  easy.  The  following  year,  the  usual  games  were 
played  with  Shattuck  and  the  usual  results  followed.  With  this 
season  began  a  series  of  games  with  the  "ex-collegians,"  made 
up  of  men  who  had  played  football  in  the  east  and  who  knew 
the  game.  For  several  years,  these  games  were  the  main  train- 
ing received  by  the  Minnesota  team.  The  proceeds  from  these 
games  went  to  Minnesota  and  helped  along  in  the  day  when  a 
dollar  looked  as  big  as  a  cart  wheel  to  the  business  manager. 
The  same  year  agitation  was  begun  for  a  game  with  Michigan, 
but  the  guarantee  asked  by  Michigan,  the  expenses  of  the  trip, 
which  amounted  to  about  $200,  was  too  much  for  Minnesota. 
From  1889,  down  to  the  present,  the  score  cards  tell  the  tale  of 
growing  interest  in  the  game,  the  period  of  supremacy,  the  slump, 
the  revivification  and  the  securing  and  keeping  of  a  leading  place 
among    western    institutions. 

The  season  of  1890  marked  a  decided  change  in  football.  Byron 
H.  Timberlake  was  elected  business  manager  and  under  his  lead- 
ership was  brought  about  the  beginning  of  what  may  properly  be 
called  "scientific"  football.  A  trainer  was  secured  and  the  men 
signed  iron  clad  agreements  to  observe  training  lules.  The  sea- 
son was  an  unqualified  success  and  was  marked  by  two  events  of 
great  moment,  the  first  football  jollification,  after  the  victory  over 
Shattuck.  68  to  0,  and  the  first  game  with  Wisconsin,  in  which  Min- 
nesota was  the  victor  by  a  score  of  63  to  0,  the  first  time  a  Minne- 
sota  team    ever    met   a   team    from   another   state,    the    game   with 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


85 


Grinnell  which  was  played  in  a  snow  storm  and  which  was  won, 
after  a  fierce  fight,  by  a  score  of  18  to  14.  The  following  year 
started  out  unfavorably.  A  defeat,  by  the  eastern  alumni  shook 
things  up  and  a  training  table  was  started,  the  first  at  the  Uni- 
versity. This  season  was  marked  by  the  first  trip  which  the 
Minnesota  team  ever  took  outside  of  the  state,  two  games  being 
played,  one  with  Grinnell,  on  Saturday  and  one  with  the  State 
university  of  Iowa  on  Monday;  the  first  resulted  in  a  tie,  12  to  12, 
and  the  second  in  an  easy  victory  of  42  to  4.  Later  in  the  season 
the  tie  was  played  off  at  Minneapolis  and  Minnesota  won  by  22 
to  12. 

The  following  year,  1892,  the  intercollegiate  athletic  associa- 
tion of  the  Northwest  was  formed,  including  Minnesota,  Michi- 
gan, Wisconsin  and  Northwestern  universities.  Michigan  had  the 
advantage  of  an  eastern  coach  but  Minnesota  came  through  the 
season  with  a  series  of  brilliant  victories.  The  victory  over  Mich- 
igan, particularly,  gave  the  friends  of  Minnesota  greater  satis- 
faction than  anything  else,  for  at  that  time-  Michigan  was  the 
leader  in  the  west  and  to  win  a  victory  in  football  raised  Min- 
nesota in  the  estimation  of  the  whole  western  college  world.  The 
victory  was  celebrated  in  a  way  to  make  the  event  long  remem- 
bered. The  game  with  Northwestern,  which  team  had  for  its 
captain  an  old  Yale  player,  was  one  of  the  most  desperately 
contested  games  ever  played  by  tlie  Minnesota  team,  but  it  ended 
with  victory  and  for  the  first  time,  Minnesota  came  through  the 
season  without  a  defeat  chronicled  against  her.  In  1893  came 
another   clear   string   of   victories. 

In  1894,  began  the  decline,  and  Wisconsin  won  her  first  vic- 
tory over  the  maroon  and  gold.  In  1895,  for  the  first  time,  Min- 
nesota had  a  regular  coach,  Walter  Heffelfinger,  the  famous  Yale 
guard,  being  employed  to  help  along  the  work  of  getting  the 
team  in  shape  for  the  season's  games.  The  season  was  marked 
by  brilliant  victories  and  humiliating  defeats,  tihe  bright  par- 
ticular spot  being  the  victory  over  Chicago,  by  a  score  of  10  to  6. 
The  season,  was  financially  the  greatest  success,  and  a  large  sur- 
plus was  left  in  the  treasury.  The  year  1896  Minnesota  had  a 
chance  to  get  Phil  King,  but  chose  A.  N.  Jerrems,  instead,  and 
the  two  big  games  were  lost  by  low  scores.  The  outcome  was  not 
otie  to  discourage  the  followers  of  the  maroon  and  gold,  for  both 
games  were  lost  under  circumstances  not  at  all  discreditable  to 
the    losers. 

The  season  of  1897  contains  little  that  is  creditable  from  any 
point  of  view.  The  games  were  lo.st  by  humiliating  scores,  and 
though  the  income  was  the  largest  ever  received  up  to  that  time, 
there  was  a  deficit  at  the  end  of  the  season.  Certain  it  is  that 
every  loyal  Minnesotan  would  like  to  see  the  record  of  football 
for  that  season  wiped  off  the  slate,  for  it  contains  not  one  item 
to  be  proud  of. 

Beginning  with  1898,  changes  for  the  better  were  inaugurated. 
The  management  of  football  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  board 
which  could  be  held  responsible.  This  fact  alone,  insured  stu- 
dent support,  which  had  been  alienated  by  the  practices  of  years 
just  preceding.  The  sejusons  of  1898  and  1'899  were  not  wholly 
successful,  from  the  standpoint  of  games  won,  but  they  showed 
fine  spirit  and  served  as  a  foundation  upon  which  later  success 
was  won.  The  business  management  of  the  season  1898  was  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  records  of  such  management  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  University.  Against  all  but  overwhelming  odds,  the 
management  came  through  the  season  with  a  decreased  deficit, 
the   main    credit   belonging    to    M'essrs.    Piilsbury   and    Phelps,    who 


86  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

devoted  themselves  to  the  work  in  a  way  that  won  success. 
The  year  1899  marks  the  securing-  of  Northrop  field  and  the 
bringing  of  football  contests  to  the  campus.  This  is  due  almost 
wholly  to  the  work  of  Professor  Jones  and  to  Governor  John  S. 
Pillsbury.  This  year  the  system  of  alumni  coaching  was  tried, 
and  was  reasonably  successful,  and  to  this  day  the  coaching  of 
the  alumni,  who  have  volunteered  their  assistance  to  the  paid 
coach,  has  been  a  large  factor  in  the  success  of  ihe  teams  of 
later   years. 

In  IGOC,  Dri  Henry  L.  Williams  was  brought  to  the  Universi- 
ty, under  a  three-year  contract  and  placed  in  charge  of  athlet- 
ics, as  athletic  director,  and  especially  as  coach  to  the  football 
team.  While  prospects  were  none  too  bright  at  the  opening  of 
the  year,  he  succeeded,  with  the  cooperation  of  the  members  of 
the  squad,  the  student  body  and  the  alumni,  in  turning  out,  what 
he  himself  has  since  declared  to  be  one  of  the  most  efficient 
teams  ever  turned  out  anywhere.  The  years  since  then  have 
seen  the  growth  of  a  widespread  interest  in  football,  such  as 
the  greatest  enthusiast  of  the  early  days  never  dreamed.  Foot- 
ball was  everything  until  there  grew  up  a  feeling  that  it  was 
occupying  entirely  too  large  a  place  in  University  life  and  the 
wave  of  reform  came  in  the  fall  of  1905  and  caused  a  complete 
overhauling  of  the  rules  and  regulations  governing  the  game  and 
the  administration  of  everything  connected  with  the  same.  These 
reforms  were  of  two  kinds,  the  one  affecting  the  game  itself,  in 
wliich  the  main  thought  was  to  make  the  game  less  dang'erous 
to  life  and  limb  and,  as  secondary  to  this  end,  the  making  of 
the  g-ame  more  open  and  consequently  of  greater  interest  to  the 
spectator;  the  other  directed  to  righting  the  abuses  which  had 
grown  up  through  the  prevalence  of  the  "everything  to  win"  spirit, 
which  had  become  predominant.  The  season  of  1906  was  the 
first  in  which  these  reforms  worked  out  in  actual  practice,  and 
the  general  opinion  seems  to  be  that  great  gains  have  been  made 
in  both  directions  and  that  little,  if  anything  has  been  lost, 
through  the  changes  which  have  been  wrought. 

Footliall  nas  gone  through  five  periods  of  changes,  at  this 
institution.  The  first,  that  of  beginnings,  from  1880  to  1890; 
the  second,  that  of  supremacy,  from  1890-94,  inclusive;  third,  de- 
cline. 1895-97,  inclusive;  fourth,  revival,  growth,  and  finally  what 
was  popularly  termed,  "football  run  mad;"  fifth,  reform  and  sane 
football    and    sane    management. 

Football  has  teen  a  large  factor  in  University  life.  Beg-inning 
with  the  victory  over  Michigan,  in  1892,  gave  Minnesota  a  stand 
with  the  best  in  the  west,  and  that  idea,  ornce  planted,  grew  until 
Minnesota  was  recognized  as  a  factor  In  western  education  to 
be  reckoned  with.  The  growth  of  a  college  spirit,  has  been  par- 
allel with  the  growth  of  football  and  the  triumph  of  sane  ideals 
of  the  past  two  seasons,  has  been  a  distinct  step  in  advance  for 
tollege  spirit.  See  Gopher  of  1901,  page  268,  for  a  history  of 
football    in    the    University. 

1889— Minnesota  vs.  ex-collegians,  10-0;  vs.  *Shattuck,  8-2<8 
vs.    Shattuck.    26-0;    vs.    ex-collcgians,    2-0. 

IggO—Minresota  vs.  *Shattuck,  58-0;  vs.  ex-oollegiaiis,  0-0;  vs 
Grinnell,  18-13:  vs.  Wineonsin,  63-0;  vs.  ex- collegians,  11-14;  vs 
ex-colleglans,    14-6. 

1391 Minnesota    vs.    ex-collegians,    0-4;    vs.    Wisconsin,    26-12 

vs.    Grinnell,    12-12;    vs.    University    of    Iowa,    42-4;    vs.    Grinnell 

22-14. 

Iggo Minnesota    vs.    ex-collegians,    18-10;    vs.    Michigan,    14-« 

vs    Grinnell    40-24;  vs.  Wisconsin,   32-4;  vs.   Northwestern,   18-12. 


UNTVBRSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  gy 

1893 — Minnesota  vs.  Michigan,  34-2&;  vs.  Wisconsin,  40-0;  vs. 
Northwestern,  16-0;  vs.  Grinnell,  36-6;  [vs.  Kansas,  12-6;  vs.  Ham- 
line,    lOi-6.]? 

1894 — Minnesota  vs.  Grinnell,  10-2;  vs.  Purdue,  24-0;  vs.  Beloit, 
40-0;  vs.   Wisconsin,    0-6. 

1895 — 'M'irnesota  vs.  high  school,  20-0;  [vs.  Macalester,  40-0;] 
vs.  Grinnell,  4-6;  vs.  VVisiconsin,  14-10;  vs.  boat  club,  6-0;  vs. 
Ames,  24-0;  vs.  Chicago,  10-6;  vs.  Michigan,  0-20;  vs.  ex-oollegi- 
ans,    14-0;    vs.    Grinnell,    4-6:    vs.    Purdue,    4-18. 

1896 — 'MinTiesota  vs.  South  high  school,  34-0;  vs.  Central  high 
school.  50-0;  vs.  Carleton,  16-6;  vs.  Grinnell,  12-0;  vs.  Purdue, 
14-0;  vs.  Ames,  18-6;  vs.  ex- collegians,  8-0;  vs.  Michigan,  4-6; 
vs.    *Kansas,    12-0:    vs.    *  Wisconsin,    0-6. 

1897 — Minnesota  vs.  South  high,  22-0;  vs.  M'acalester,  26-0;  vs. 
Carleton,  48-6;  vs.  Grinnell,  6-0;  vs.  Ames,  10-12;  vs.  *Purdue, 
0-6;    vs.    *Michigan,    0'-14;    vs.    Wisconsin,    0-3& 

1S98 — Minnesota  vs.  Carleton,  32-0;  [vs.  Rush  medics,  12-0;] 
vs.  Grinnell,  6-16;  v.s.  Ames,  0-6;  vs.  Wisconsin,  0-28;  vs.  N.  D., 
15-0;  vs.  Northwestern,  17-6;  vs.  Illinois,  10-11. 

1899— Minnesota  vs.  .Shattuck,  40-0;  vs.  Carleton,  35-5;  vs. 
Ames,  6-0;  vs.  Grinnell,  5-5;  [vs.  Alumni,  6-5;  vs.  Beloit,  5-5;] 
vs.    Northwestern,    5-11;    vs.    Wisconsin,    0-19;    vs.    *Cliicago,    0-29. 

1900^Minnesota  vs.  Central  high,  0-0;  vs.  St.  Paul  high,  26-0; 
vs.  Macalester,  65-0;  vs.  Carleton,  44-0;  vs.  Ames,  27-0;  vs.  Chi- 
cago, 6-6;  vs.  Grinnell,  26-0;  vs.  N.  ©.,  34-0;  vs.  Wisconsin,  6-5; 
vs.    Illinois,    23-0;    vs.    Northwestern,    21-0;    vs.    Nebraska,    20-12. 

igOi—Minnesota  vs.  St.  Paul  high,  16-0;  vs.  Carleton,  35-0; 
vs.  Chicago  P.  and  S.,  27-0;  vs.  Nebraska,  16-0;  vs.  Iowa,  19-0; 
vs.  Haskell,  28-0;  vs.  N.  D.,  10-0;  vs.  Wisconsin,  0-18;  vs.  North- 
western,  16-0;   vs.   Illinois,   16-0. 

1902— Minnesota  vs.  Hamline,  59-0;  vs.  Central  high,  24-0;  vs. 
Carleton,  33-0;  vs.  Ames,  16-0;  vs.  Beloit,  29-0;  vs.  Nebraska,  0-6; 
vs.  Iowa,  34-0;  vs.  Grinnell,  102-0;  vs.  Illinois,  17-5;  vs.  Wiscon- 
sin,   11-0;    vs.    College    team,    11-5;    vs.    Michigan,    6-23. 

1903— Minnesota  vs.  Central  high,  21-6;  vs.  St.  Paul  high,  36-0; 
vs.  East  high,  37-0;  vs.  Carleton,  29-0;  vs.  Macalester,  112-0;  vs. 
Grinnell,  40-0;  vs.  Hamline,  65-0;  vs.  Ames,  46-0;  vs.  Iowa,  75-0; 
vs.  Beloit,  46-0;  vs.  Wisconsin,  17-0;  vs.  N.  D.  Ag.  Col.,  49-0; 
vs.    Illinois.    32-0;   vs.    Lawrence,    46-0;   vs.   Michigan,    6-6. 

]904 — Minnesota  vs.  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul  Central  high 
school  team.s,  176-0;  vs.  S.  D.,  77-0;  vs.  Shattuck,  74-0;  vs.  Carle- 
ton P5-0;  vs.  St.  Thomas,  47-0;  vs.  N.  D.,  35-0;  vs.  Ames,  32-0i; 
vs. '  Grinnell,  146-0;  vs.  Nebraska,  16-12;  vs.  Lawrence,  69-0;  vs. 
Wisconsin.    28-0;    vs.    Northwestern    17-0;   vs.   Iowa,    11-0. 

1905 — Minnesota  vs.  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul  Central  high 
teams  74-0:  vs.  Shattuck,  33-0;  vs.  St.  Thomas,  42-0;  vs.  N.  £>., 
45-0- -vs.  Ames,  42-0;  vs.  Iowa,  39-0;  vs.  Lawrence,  46-0;  vs.  Wis- 
\consm,  12-16;  vs.  S.  D.,  81-0;  vs.  Nebraska,  35-0;  vs.  North- 
western,   72-6.  ,        ,„  n  /-.I,! 

1906— Minnesota  vs.  Ames,  22-4;  vs.  Nebraska,  13-0;  vs.  Chi- 
cago    4-2;    vs.    Carlisle,    0-17;    vs.    Indiana,    8-6. 

ig'oY—Minnesota  vs.  Ames,  8-0;  vs.  Nebraska,  8-5;  vs.  Chicago, 
12-18-   vs     Carlisle,    10-12;    vs.    Wisconsin,    17-17. 

FOOTBALL  CAPTAI NS— 1887,  Howard  T.  Abbott;  1888,  Alfred 
F  Pillsbury  1889,  Alfred  F.  Pillsbury;  1890.  Horace  R.  Robinson; 
1891  William  J.  Leary;  1S92.  Alfred  F.  Pillsbury;  1S93,  James 
E.  Madigan:  1894.  Everhart  P.  Harding;  1895,  Augustus  1.  Lar- 
son- 1896  John  M.  Harrison;  1897,  John  M.  Harrison;  1898.  Henry 
A.  Scandrett;  1899,  Henry  A.  Scandrett;  1900,  Leroy  A.  Page; 
1901  Warren  C.  Knowlton;  1902,  John  G.  Flynn ;  1903  Edward 
Rogers:  1904,  Moses  L.  Strathern;  1906,  Earl  Current;  1906,  Earl 
Current;   1907,   John   Schuknecht. 


88  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

THE  FORENSIC  HONOR  LEAGUE— Organized  at  the  Uni- 
versity as  a  purely  local  honorary  fraternity,  in  1904.  Its  mem- 
bership is  limited  to  men  who  have  represented  Minnesota  in  an 
intercx).Ilegiato  forensic  contest.  Its  active  membership  is  con- 
fined to  men  duly  elected  and  resident  at  the  University.  In 
May,  1906,  representatives  of  the  universities  of  Michigan,  Wis- 
consin, Illinois,  Nebraska,  Iowa  and  Northwestern,  ujxin  the  ini- 
tiative of  Minnesota,  met  and  organized  this  previously  local  fra- 
ternity into  an  intercollegiate  honorary  fraternity,  under  the 
name  of  Delta   Sigma  Rho. 

FORAGE  SHOP— Erected  in  1895  and  remodeled  in  1901,  at  a 
cost  of  $5,000.  It  is  33x60  feet  and  is  equipped  with  44  forges, 
seven  vises,  a  footpower  trip-hammer,  drill  press,  shear,  tire 
shrinker,  and  all  necessary  tools  for  farm  blacksmithing.  A  blast 
fan  furnishes  blast  for  all  the  fires,  and  two  large  exhaust  fans 
take    away    the    smoke,    giving   almost   perfect   ventilation. 

FORUM,  The — An  organization  of  men  limited  to  thirty  mem- 
bers who  are  banded  together  for  the  purpose  of  cultivating  the 
spirit  of  fraternity,  honesty,  good  citizenship  and  culture,  and  to 
secure  training  in  oratory  and  debate.     Organized  October  11,  1894. 

FOSTER,  Burnside — Born  in  1861  at  Worcester,  Mass.  A.  B. 
Yale,  1882;  M.  D.,  Harvard,  1886;  clinical  professor  and  demon- 
strator of  dermatology  since  the  organization  of  the  college  of 
medicine  and  surgery  to  date.  Editor  of  the  St.  Paul  Medical 
journal.     Lowry  building,    St.   Paul. 

FRAIKEN,    Harry    J. — Instructor   in    iron    work,    1891-92. 

FRANKFORTER,  George  Bell— Born  April  22,  1860,  Potter, 
Ohio.  Lincoln,  Neb.,  high  school;  B.  A.,  Nebraska,  M.  A.,  Ne- 
braska; Ph.  D.,  Royal  university  of  Berlin,  where  he  studied  four 
years:  one  year  in  Royal  mining  academy,  Berlin.  One  year 
teacher  of  chemistrj',  geology  and  physics,  Lincoln,  Neb.,  high 
school;  four  yearp  as  instructor  in  chemistry  and  music.  Uni- 
versity of  Nebraska:  lecturer  on  chemistry  and  professor  of  ana- 
lytical chemistry,  same  institution;  commissioner  of  the  United 
States  mint;  special  water  analyst  for  U.  _S.  geological  survey. 
Professor  of  chemistry,  University,  1893-95;"  and  director  of  the 
laboratory,  1895  to  date;  and  dean  of  the  school  of  chemistry, 
1902  to  date.  Author  of  papers  Opium  Alkaloids  Resulting  in  the 
Synthesis  of  Alkaloidal  Narceine;  Preparation  of  Sodium  Nar- 
ceiate  (Anti-spasmine) ;  The  Alkaloidal  Vertarine;  on  Isopyrum 
Resulting  in  the  Discovery  of  the  Alkaloidal  Isopyroine;  on  Phy- 
tolacca Decandra;  on  Formaldehyde,  including  a  new  method  of 
volumetric  determination;  its  liberation  from  solution  for  disin- 
fecting purposes,  by  means  of  potassium  permanganate;  on  the 
Terpines,  including  two  new  terpines;  The  Chlorohydrochlorides; 
Some  New  Forms  of  Lecture  Apparatus;  Qualitative  Analysis, 
Staedoler,  Kolbe,  Abeljance,  Frankforter,  translated,  revised  and 
enlarged.  Fellow  of  American  association  for  the  advancement 
of  r.clence;  member  Deutchen  chemischen  gesellschaft;  member 
Electrochemischen  gesellschaft;  Society  of  chemical  Industry; 
American  chemical  society;  Society  for  the  promotion  of  engineer- 
ing education;  American  health  association.  526  East  River  Park- 
way. 

FRANKLIN,  Benjamin,  Winona— Regent  1868  to  date  of  deatn, 
August    19th,    186S. 

FRARY,  Francis  C. — Instructor  in  chemistry,  1905  to  aate 
Leave  of  absence,  studying  in  Germany,  1906-07.  3108  Garfield 
avenue. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  3q 

FRATERNITIES  AT  MINNESOTA— Alpha  Delta  Phi,  Alpha  Kap- 
pa Kappa,  Alpha  Tau  Omega,  Alpha  Zeta,  Beta  Theta  Pi,  Chi  Psi, 
Delta  Chi,  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon,  Delta  Phi  Delta,  Delta  Sigma 
Delta,  Delta  Tau  Delta,  Delta  Upsilon,  Kappa  Sigma,  Nu  Sigma 
Nu,  Phi  Beta  Pi.  Phi  Chi,  Phi  Delta  Phi,  Phi  Delta  Theta,  Phi 
Gamma  Delta,  Phi  Kappa  Psi,  Phi  Rho  Sigma,  Pi  Beta  Phi,  Psi 
Upsilon,  Scabbard  and  Blade,  Sigma  Alpha  E.psilon,  Sigma  Chi, 
Sigma  Nu,  Theta  Delta  Chi,  Theta  Phi  (local,  extinct),  Xi  Psi 
Phi,    Zeta   Psi. 

FRATERNITY  HOUSES— The  following  named  fraternities 
own  their  own  houses.  Alpha  Delta  Phi,  1725  University  avenue 
southeast;  Beta  Theta  Pi,  1625  University  avenue  southeast;  Chi 
Psi,  1515  University  avenue  southeast;  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon,  1711 
University  avenue  southeast;  Delta  Tau  Delta,  1009  University 
avenue  southeast;  Delta  Upsilon,  314  Union  street  southeast;  Phi 
Kappa  Psi,  1611  University  avenue  southeast;  Sigma  Nu,  40O 
Washington  avenue  southeast;  Theta  Delta  Ohi,  100  Beacon  street 
southeast. 

The  following  own  their  lots  and  will  build  in  the  near  future: 
Alpha  Phi,    Phi   Gamma  Delta,   Psi   Upsilon,    Sigma  Alpha   Epsilon, 

FRAZIER,  William  Hardy— Born  March  6,  18S3,  Waynetown, 
Ind.  Wabash  college,  preparatory  and  two  years  college  work;  B. 
S.,  University  school  of  chemistry,  1907.  Assistant  in  chemical 
laboratory,  Wabash  college,  1903-04;  assistant  in  chemistry.  Uni- 
versity experiment  station,  1906-07;  instructor  in  agricultural 
chemistry,    1907    to    date.     1155    Raymond    avenue,    St.    Paul. 

FREEMAN,  Edward  Monroe— Born  February  12,  1875,  St.  Paul, 
Mmn.  St.  Paul  high  s-jhooi;  B.  S.,  University,  1898;  M.  A.,  1899; 
Ph.  D.  1905;  did  graduate  work  at  Cambridge,  England,  1901-02. 
Instructor  in  botany  and  pharmacognosy.  University,  1898-01; 
assistant  professor  of  botany,  1902-05.  Pathologist  in  charge  of 
diseases  of  grain  crops,  U.  S.  Department  of  agriculture,  1905-07; 
professor  of  botany  and  vegetable  pathology,  department  of  ag- 
riculture, 1907  to  date.  Author  of  Seed  Fungus  of  Lolium  Temul- 
entum  L.  Th.  Darnel;  Observations  on  Constantinea;  Observa- 
tions on  Chlorochytrium;  a  Preliminary  List  of  Erysipheae;  a  Pre- 
liminary List  of  Minnesota  Uredineae;  Mycoplasm;  Experiments 
in  Brown  Rust  of  Bromes;  Symbiosis  in  the  Genus  Lolium;  Min- 
nesota  Pla.it   Diseases.      St.   Anthony   Park,   Minn. 

FRELIN,  Julius  T. — Born  March  13,  1870,  in  France.  Public 
schools  of  France;  Mankato  state  normal  school;  B.  A.,  Universi- 
ty, 1905.  Taught  nine  years  in  the  graded  and  high  schools  of 
Minnesota;  nine  months  among  the  Igorrote  head  hunters  on 
North  Luzon,  P.  I.,  and  two  years  among  the  semi-civilized  tribes 
of  same.  Scholar  in  Fiench,  University,  1904;  instTuctor,  1905; 
assistant    professor    since    1907.     1523    Seventh    street    southeast. 

FRIDLEY,    A.     M.,    St.    Anthony— Regent    1855-1860. 

FRUIT  BREEDING  FARM — This  farm  was  purchased  by  the 
regents  July  20.  1907,  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  chapter  334 
of  the  laws  of  1907.  The  farm  was  purchased  of  Daniel  i^lnk  for 
$105  per  acre,  there  being  77.89  acres,  the  purchase  price  was 
$8,178.45.  The  land  lies  in  section  7,  of  township  116,  range  23 
West  (Carver  county).  The  buildings  on  the  farm  Include  a 
farm  house,  dairy  house  and  log  barn  and  lumber  sufficient  to 
erect  a  frame  barn.  There  is  also  a  good  well  and  a  wind  mill 
on  the  farm.  It  was  figured  that  the  cost  of  the  land,  exclusive 
of  improvements,  was  about  $75  an  acre.  The  appropriation  for 
this  purpose  was  $16,000,  and  it  is  expected  that  eighty  acres 
more  will  be  purchased.  The  appropriation  also  included,  $2,000 
annually    for    support. 


90  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

FRY,  Susannah — Born  in  Ohio.  Ohio  Wesleyan  university, 
1878;  Syracuse,  1881.  Traveled  and  studied  in  Europe  1873-74. 
Professor  of  belles  letters  in  Illinois  Wesleyan  university  from 
1876-90.  Professor  of  English  in  University  Minnesota  for  1892, 
during   the   absence   of   Dr.    MacLean   in   Europe. 

FULTON,  John  F. — Professor  of  ophthalmology  and  otology 
1888-03. 

FURBER,   J.    W.,    Cottage    Grove— Regent   1851-54. 
FYANS,    Joseph    E.    L.— Instructor    in    French,    igOS-OS. 
GAINES,   Alvin    D. — Instructor  in  language,   history  and  music,' 
school   of   agriculture,    1895-98. 

GALE,  Harlow  Stearns — A  native  of  the  city  of  Minneapolis. 
Graduated  at  the  Central  high  school  in  1880.  Entered  Yale  in 
the  fall  of  1881,  and  w^as  graduated  with  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1885. 
The  tvsro  following  years  were  spent  at  the  University  of  Minne- 
sota, pursuing  post-graduate  work  in  economics  under  Dr.  Fol- 
well,  while  he  studied  ethics  by  himself.  Spent  two  years  in 
philosophy  at  Yale,  one  year  at  Cambridge  under  Professor  Sidg- 
wick  in  logic  and  ethics  four  years  in  Leipsic  spent  under  Wundt, 
■wnth  the  exceptions  of  one  semester  at  the  University  of  Minne- 
sota. In  the  fall  of  1894  accepted  the  positon  of  instructor  in 
psychology  which  position  he  held  until  1903.  Independent  in- 
vestigator and  teacher  in  this  city. 
GALLOW,    John    E.— Janitor   1881-86. 

GAMMA  PHI  BETA — Kappa  chapter  established  in  1902. 
Founded  at  Syracuse  in  1784.  1413  University  avenue  southeast. 
GAUMNITZ,  Daniel  A. — B.  Ag.,  University,  1904;  assistant  in- 
structor in  animal  husbandry,  1904-07;  assistant  professor  of  ani- 
mal husbandry,  1907  to  date.  Member  of  the  board  of  directors 
of    the    General    alumni    association.     St.    Anthony    Park. 

GEIST,  Emil  S. — Clinical  assistant  in  orthopedia,  1905  to  date. 
1030   Andrus  building. 

GENERAL  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION — Movement  started  at 
commencement  time  in  1900.  Constitution  adopted  January  30th, 
1904.  Membership  composed  of  graduates  of  all  departments  of 
the  University.  Any  matriculate  of  the  University,  who  'has  not 
graduated  is  entitled  to  associate  membership,  and  any  member, 
or  ex-member,  of  the  teaching  or  governing  staff  of  the  Univer- 
sity is  entitled  to  honorary  membership  in  this  association.  Life 
membership  fee  is  $10.  Annual  dues  for  those  not  life  mem- 
bers, 50  cents.  The  object  of  this  association  Is  the  promotion 
of  the  welfare  of  the  University  in  any  way  possible  and  to  keep 
the  alumni  in  touch  with  their  alma  mater  and  with  each  other 
through  the  offlcial  organ  of  the  association,  the  Minnesota  Al- 
umni Weekly;  the  furnishing  of  such  specific  information  as  may 
be  sought  by  any  graduate  or  former  matriculate  of  the  Univer- 
sity; in  connection  with  the  University  or  any  of  its  organiza- 
tions; the  disbursing  of  contributions  made  for  specific  objects 
connected  with  the  University;  and  the  maintenance  of  a  list  of 
the  names  and  addresses  of  all  graduates  and  former  matriculates 
of  the  University.  The  affairs  of  the  association  are  managed 
by  a  board  of  directors,  made  up  of  two  representatives  elected 
from  each  college  alumni  association.  Each  representative  serv- 
ing two  years,  their  terms  expiring  on  alternate  years.  The  an- 
nual meetings  of  this  association  are  ordinarily  two — the  annual 
business  meeting  held  on  the  anniversary  of  the  founding  of  the 
University,   February  18th,    and   the   annual   picnic   on   alumni   day 


UNIVERSITY  OP  MINNESOTA.  9I 

of  commencement  week.  The  association  employs  a  secretary  to 
give  liis  whole  time  to  the  work  of  the  association.  The  officers 
are  Henry  F.  Nachtriel/,  '82.  president,  Oscar  K.  Richardson.  90. 
Hom^93,  vice-president.  Charles  F.  Keyes,  '96,  Law  '99.  treas- 
urer, and  E.  B.  Johnson,  '88,  secretary. 

GEOLOGICAL  CLUB,  The— An  organization  of  Instructors  and 
students  of  the  department  of  geology,  for  the  discussion  of  geol- 
ogical  problems. 

GEOLOGICAL  AND  NATURAL  HISTORY  SURVEY  OF  THE 
STATE— While  this  survey  is  not  technically  a  part  of  the  uni- 
versity it  is  so  closely  identified  with  the  University  departments 
of  animal  biology,  botany  and  geology  that  its  work  is  practically 
identified  with  the  work  of  the  University.  To  quote  from  the  state 
geologist  in  one  of  his  early  reports,  "There  is  no  question  but 
one  of  the  prime  motives  of  the  law  (creating  this  survey)  was 
to  introduce  another  auxiliary  force  into  the  State  university, 
by  making  it  a  center  whence  should  radiate  information  con- 
cerning the  natural  features  of  the  state,  and  toward  which 
'should  gravitate  all  collections  of  natural  history  that  should 
otherwise  be  brought  to  light."  The  act  creating  this  survey 
was  approved  March  1st,  1872,  and  carried  an  appropriation  of 
SI  000  annually  for  the  prosecution  of  the  work  of  the  survey. 
On  the  10th  of  the  following  March,  1873,  an  act  amending  the 
act  creating  the  survey  was  passed.  This  act  increased  the  an- 
nual appropriation  to  $2,000  and  gave  the  regents  custody  and 
control,  and  power  to  sell  certain  lands  granted  to  the  state 
of  Minnesota  by  the  national  government  to  aid  In  developing 
the  brines  of  the  state.  See  "Salt  spring  lands."  This  act  also 
appropriated  $500  for  the  purchase  of  apparatus  to  equip  a  lab- 
oratory for  the  survey.  The  regents  have  received  cash  appro- 
priations from  the  state,  for  prosecuting  the  work  of  the  survey 
to  the  amount  of  $50,500.  The  sale  of  salt  spring  lands  has  netted 
$303  475.23  more;  the  sale  of  reports  has  netted  $343.71,  and  there 
are  still  5000  acres  left  unsold.  The  geological  survey  was  natur- 
ally the  first  line  to  be  started  and  prosecuted  with  vigor  and 
this  survey  was  brought  to  such  a  point  that  the  regents  thought 
wise  to  discontinue  further  work,  for  the  time  being,  Decem- 
ber 1st,   1900.  ^  „  m        * 

The  State  Geologist  has  published  reports  as  follows:  Twenty- 
four  annual  reports,  from  1872-98;  and  in  addition,  special  and 
final    reports    as    follows: 

On  Lake  Superior  region,  1866; 

Final  reports,  six  volumes:  I,  697pp.  43  pi.  1872-82;  II,  695pp. 
42  pi  1882-85-  III,  pt.  1,  1885-92,  paleontolog>-,  474pp.  41  pi.;  pt.  2, 
1892-96,  paleontology,  607pp.  44  pi;  IV.  629pp.  31  pi.  1896-98;  v, 
1027pp.  6  pi.  structural  and  petrographical  geology,  1898-00;  VI, 
geological  atlas  with  synoptical  descriptions,  88  pi. 

Circulars,  1)  law  ordering  survey;  2)  relating  to  botanical 
survey;  3)  museum;  4)  duplicates  and  exchanges  in  museum;  6) 
to  builders  and  quarrymen;  6)  hydrology  and  water  powers;  7) 
distribution   of   specimens. 

Peat   for   domestic    fuel,    1874. 
Salt   spring   lands   due    the    state,    1874. 

Preliminary  report  on  building  stones,  clays,  cements,  limes, 
roofing  and  flagging,  and  paving  stones  of  Minnesota. 
Distribution  of  specimens  to  normal  and  high  schools. 
Bulletins:  1)  history  of  geological  surveys  of  Minnesota;  2) 
preliminary  description  of  perldotytes,  gabbros,  diabases,  and  an- 
desytes  of  Minnesota;  3)  report  on  botanical  work  In  Minnesota; 
4)    Synopsis    of   aphidae    of   Minnesota;    5)    natural   gas    In   MInne- 


92 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE 


sota;  6)  Iron  or«s  of  Minnesota;  7)  mammals  of  Minnesota;  8) 
the  anorfhosytes  of  the  Minnesota  coast  of  Lake  Superior:  the 
laccolitic  sills  of  the  norfhwesti  coast  of  Lake  Superior:  prefatory 
note  on  the  norian  of  the  northwest;  9)  metaspermae  of  the  Min- 
nesota valley:  10)   iron  bearing  rocks  of  the  M'esabi  range. 

The  State  Botanist  has  publis'lied,  Metaspermae  of  the  Minne- 
sota vallley,  1892;  Minnesota  botanical  studies,  1894-98;  Minnesota 
plant  life,  1899;  Minnesota  botanical  studies,  1898-02;  Minnesota 
plant    diseases. 

The  State  Zoologist  has  published:  Notes  on  the  birds  of  Min- 
nesota, 1892;  Synopsis  of  entomostracae  of  Minnesota,  1895;  pre- 
liminary report  on  the  fishes  of  Minnesota;  Collembola  of  Minne- 
sota,   1903. 

GEOLOGY  AND  MINERALOGY  MUSEUM— This  includes  the 
Kunz  collection  of  minerals,  purchased  of  George  F.  Kunz;  sev- 
eral suites  of  crystalline  rocks  secured  from  various  sources;  the 
Ward  collection  of  casts  contributed  in  part  by  citizens  of  Minne- 
apolis; collections  of  the  rocks,  fossils,  minerals  and  economic 
products  of  Minnesota;  upwards  of  9,000  entries  gathered  by  the 
geological  survey  of  the  state;  the  Sardeson  collection  of  pale- 
ozoic fossils  of  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Iowa  and  nelgnboring  states, 
comprising  30,000  specimens:  a  series  of  3,000  thin  sections  of 
typical  rocks  and  minerals  largely  representing  Mmnesota  locali- 
ties; purchased  material  comprising  a  fine  collection  of  crystals; 
5,000  minerals  and  3,000  specimens  of  economic  minerals  and  crys- 
talline rocks,  and  a  collection  of  over  4,000  photographs  and  lantern 
slides.  Located  in  Pillsbury  hall  as  part  of  the  general  Univer- 
sity museum.     See  also  A.  S.  Williams  collection. 

GEROULD,  James  Thayer— Born  October  3d,  1872,  Goffstown, 
N.  H.  Graduate  of  Gushing  academy  of  Ashburnliam,  Mass.,  and 
Dartmouth.  Assistant  in  Dartmouth  college  library,  1891-96; 
assistant  librarian  General  theological  seminary,  1896-97;  chief  of 
department,  Columbia  university  library,  1897-00;  librarian  of  the 
University  of  Missouri,  1900-1906.  Librarian  of  Vae  University, 
1906  to  date.  Author  of  various  articles  upon  library  administi-a- 
tion    in    professional   journals.    135    East   Grant    street. 

GIBSON,  Frederic  M. — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  ophthal- 
mology,   1895-04. 

GIBSON,  Paris,  Minneapolis — Appointed  regent  1871,  re-ap- 
pointed 1874   and  1877,   resigned  January  1st,   1880. 

GIDEON,  Peter  M.— Superintendent  of  the  Minnetonka  fruit 
farm,  1887- 

GIPTS  AND  BENEFACTIONS— The  University  has  received 
gifts  and  trust  funds  as  follows:  1872,  $720  from  citizens  of  Min- 
neapolis for  the  Ward  casts  for  the  museum;  1888,  the  Students' 
Christian  association  building  costing  $12,000.00;  1890,  Pillsbury 
hall,  costing  $131,000.00;  1892,  $1,000  for  the  Moses  Marston  schol- 
arship in  English;  $5,000  from  the  citizens  of  the  city  for  an  ore 
crushing  plant;  $7,000  from  the  city  of  Minneapolis  for  sidewalks; 
1893,  small  piece  of  land  from  S.  H.  Chute,  valued  at  $1,500.00; 
1895,  $4,166.81,  for  the  Albert  Howard  scholarship;  1900,  the  Pills- 
bury statue,  costing  $15,000.00;  1901,  $5,000.00  from  Mrs.  Mary  E. 
Elliot,  to  establish  a  loan  fund  to  aid  needy  and  deserving  stu- 
dents in  thei  school  of  mines,  in  honor  of  her  husband.  Dr.  A.  P. 
Elliot;  $5,000.00  from  John  D.  Ludden,  to  be  Invested  by  the 
regents  and  the  income  used  to  aid  needy  and  deserving  students 
in  the  school  of  agriculture;  $50,000.00,  the  gift  of  John  B.  Gil- 
fillan,  to  be  invested  by  the  regents  and  the  income  used  as  a 
loan  fund  to  aid  needy  and  deserving  students  to  secure  an  edu- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  93 

cation  at  the  University;  1902,  the  Dorr  fountain,  costing  about 
$2,500.00;  8,000.00  by  Mrs.  Sarah  Pillsbury  Gale  (Mrs.  E.  C.)  the 
memorial  fence  in  honor  of  her  fatjier,  John  S.  Pillsbury;  1904, 
six  lots  in  block  3,  by  the  Pillsbury  heirs  to  carry  out  the  ex- 
pressed wish  of  John  S.  Pillsbury,  the  lots  being  valued  at  $15,000; 
Alfred  Fisk  Pillsbury  enclosed  the  athletic  field  with  a  brick  fence 
at  a  cost  of  $15,000.00;  Mrs.  Martha  Smith  Cutts,  (Mrs.  R.  E.) 
gave  $500  to  be  invested  and  the  income  thereof  to  be  used  to 
provide  a  prize  in  surgery,  in  memory  of  her  husband,  Rollin  E. 
Cutts;  John  D.  Ludden  added  $5,000.00  to  the  amount  previously 
contributed  by  him  for  a  trust  fund  for  the  aid  of  students  in 
the  school  of  agriculture;  1905,  by  the  will  of  the  late  Mary  E. 
Elliot,  $114,000.00  was  left  to  establish  a  hospital  at  tbe  Univer- 
sity in  honor  of  the  memory  of  her  husband  Dr.  Adolphus  F.  El- 
liot,; 1906,  Thomas  H.  Shevlin,  of  Minneapolis,  gave  the  Univer- 
sity Alice  Shevlin  hall,  at  a  cost  of  $60,000'.00;  tne  students'  me- 
morial statue  was  erected  by  subscription  of  private  individuals, 
aided  by  a  $500  grant  by  the  state  and  the  donation  of  the  cost 
of  a  foundation  of  concrete,  by  the  University,  at  a  cost  of  about 
$5,000.00;  1907,  by  the  will  of  the  late  John  D.  Ludden,  $15,000.00 
was  added  to  the  $10,000.00  already  contributed  to  a  trust  fund 
to  aid  students  in  the  school  of  agriculture;  $40,000.00  was  raised 
among  the  business  men  of  Minneapolis,  through  the  efforts  of 
the  faculty  and  alumni  of  the  college  of  medicine  and  surgery, 
for  a  site  for  the  Elliot  hospital. 

In  addition  to  all  these  gifts,  various  individuate  have  con- 
tributed nearly  if  not  quite  $10,0*0  to  establish  prizes,  scholar- 
ships and  fellowships  of  a  more  or  less  permanent  nature.  A 
contribution  of  $500  from  citizens  of  Minneapolis  for  books  for 
the  library  of  the  Scandinavian  department  has  been  received  this 
year. 

GILFILLAN,  John  B.,  Minneapolis— Regent  1881-1887.  Born 
Barnet,  Vt.,  February  11th,  1835;  common  schools  and  academic 
education;  came  to  Minnesota  in  1855;  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1860;  four  times  city  attorney  of  St.  Anthony,  four  times  county 
attorney  of  Hennepin  county;  state  senator  1876-85;  congress- 
man 1885-87;  president  1st  National  Bank  1903-05;  since  1905,  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  directors;  member  of  the  Minneapolis  soci- 
ety of  fine  arts;  member  of  the  Minneapolis  and  LaFayette  clubs. 
See   Gilflllan    trust   fund.      222   Clifton    avenue. 

GILFrLLAN,  James  T. — Clinical  assistant  in  medicine,  1902 
to  date.   388   Prior  avenue.    St.   Paul. 

GILFILLAN  PRIZES,  The — These  prizes  were  established  by 
the  Honorable  John  B.  Gilflllan,  in  1894,  for  the  Tiest  specimens 
of  English  prose  divided  as  follows:  $40,  $35,  $10.  In  1905,  these 
prizes  were  awarded  to  Arthur  L.  Helliwell,  for  an  essay  on  "Eng- 
lish Puritanism,"  first;  McD.  White,  for  an  essay  on  "Social  func- 
tion of  art,"  second;  Edwin  H.  Hewitt,  for  an  essay  on  "Art 
impulse,"  third.  In  1896,  to  Edwin  H.  Hewitt.  In  1897,  first  prize 
was  not  awarded.  Second  prize  was  awarded  to  Jessie  M.  Young, 
for  an  essay  entitled  "Grover  Cleveland."  Third  prize  went  to 
George  C.  Dunlap  for  an  essay  on  "Evils  of  the  county  jail  sys- 
tem." In  1898,  the  first  prize  was  awarded  to  Charles  W.  Jerome 
for  "The  monkj  a  parable;"  second  to  W.  M.  Jerome  for  "Joan 
of  Arc;"  third  to  Hettae  G.  Bue'hler  for  "One  of  nature's  gentle- 
men;" In  1899.  the  first  prize  was  awarded  to  W.  M.  Jerome,  for 
an  essay  upon  "Joan  of  Arc;"  second  and  third  places  were  tied 
between  Vesta  M.  Cornish,  with  her  essay  upon  "Abolition  of 
war"  and  Harriet  L.  Helliwell,  with  her  essay  upon  "The  ser- 
vices  of  the   Jesuits." 


94 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE 


GILFILLAN  TRUST  FUND,  The — The  Honorable  John  B.  Gu- 
fillan  has  given  to  the  University  the  sum  of  fifty  thousand  dol- 
lars, yielding  an  annual  income  of  two  thousand  dollars,  to  be  used 
by  the  board  of  regents  to  assist  worthy  students,  needing  such 
aid,  to  secure  an  education.  The  regents  are  empowered  to  give 
this  aid  in  the  way  of  loans  or  gifts,  according  to  the  circum- 
stances of  the  case.  As  a  rule  the  fund  is  used  as  a  loan  fund, 
and  a  small  rate  of  interest  is  charged.  The  details  or  the  regu- 
lations which  have  been  adopted  by  the  regents  for  tne  adminis- 
tration of  the  fund  may  be  learned  by  addressmg  the  president 
of    the    University. 

GILL,  James   H. — Instructor  in  iron  work,  1892-01. 

GILLETTE,  Arthur  J. — Clinical  instructor  in  diseases  of  chil- 
dren, 1895-96;  clinical  instructor  in  orthopedia,  1896-97;  professor 
of  orthopedia,  1897   to   date.     Seven   corners,    St.   Paul. 

GILLETTE-HERZOG  PRIZES,  The — Established  in  1892,  by 
the  Gillette-Herzog  manufacturing  company.  Three  cash  prizes, 
$75,  $50,  $25,  each  accompanied  by  a  gold  medal,  for  the  best, 
second  best  and  third  best,  theses  upon  a  civil,  mechanical  or 
electrical  engineering  subject.  These  prizes  have  been  awarded, 
as  follows:  in  1892,  first  to  Leo  Goodkind;  second  to  James  H. 
Gill;  in  1893,  first  to  D.  C.  Washburn,  for  a  design  of  a  steel 
frame  for  a  machine  shop  or  iron  foundry;  in  1894,  to  A.  O.  Cun- 
ningham, for  a  design  of  a  steel  arch  bridge;  and  second  to  Hat- 
tde  E.  Wells,  for  a  design  for  wrought  iron  gate;  in  1895,  first  to 
L.  .H.  Chapman,  for  a  design  for  a  swing  bridge;  second  to  H.  L. 
Tanner,  for  a  design  for  a  rotary  induction  motor  and  alternate 
current  generator;  in  1896,  first  to  C.  Paul  Jones,  for  an  original 
design  for  the  steel  frame  of  a  ten-story  office  building;  second 
to  C.  Edward  Magnusson,  for  specifications  for  an  electric  light 
plan1\  for  the  Gillette-Herzog  company;  in  1897,  first  to  E.  A. 
Lee,  for  an  original  design  for  a  Bascule  bridge;  second  to  F.  B. 
Walker  and  C.  H.  Cross,  for  tests  of  shearing  strength  of  wire 
nails;  in  1898,  first  to  F.  G.  Tracy  and  W.  L.  Kinsell  for  a  study 
of  lighting  trains;  second  to  T.  L.  Daniels,  a  study  of  friction 
of  shaft  bearings;  in  1899,  first  to  W.  P.  Richardson  and  E.  K. 
Wennprlund,  for  a  thesis  entitled  Pressure  and  power  required 
to  drill  sheet  metal;  in  1903,  first  to  Paul  I.  Gunstad,  for  thesis. 
Effect  of  freezing  on  concrete,  and  second  to  M.  E.  Anderson  and 
S.  G.  Reque.  for  thesis  on  Train  lighting  by  electricity,  and  third 
to  G.  J.  Houts  and  Jake  Danner,  for  Re-design  of  power  plant 
for  C.   M.    &   St.   P.,   Ry.   shops. 

GIRLS'  HOME  BUILDING— Erected  in  1897,  at  a  cost  of 
$37,000.  Constructed  of  Milwaukee  brick,  62  x  114  feet.  This  con- 
tains a  large  parlor  and  rooms  for  the  preceptress,  lecture  room 
for  department  of  home  administration  and  dormitory  rooms  for 
ninety  students,  arranged  in  suites  of  three — a  common  sitting 
room  and  two  alcove  bedrooms,  for  the  accommodation  of  two 
students.     Located   at   the  University   department  of   agriculture. 

GLASOE,  Paul  M. — Assistant  in  chemistry,  1895-96.  Instructor 
in  chemistry.  1898-02.  Alumni  Fellow,  1897-98.  M.  S.  in  1898  for 
original  work  on  the  camphor  group.  Ph.  D.  '02.  Sigma  Xi.  Later 
professor  of  chemistry  and  treasurer  of  St.  Olaf  College,  North- 
field,   Minn.     Now  president  of   Spokane   college,    Spokane,   Wash. 

GLEE  CLUB,  The — Is  an  organization  of  men  who  associate 
themselves  for  the  purpose  of  securing  training  in  music  and  to 
give  public  concerts  both  in  the  city  and  in  other  cities  near  by. 
The  members  are  chosen  on  the  basis  of  musical  ability  and  the 
club  usually  numbers  about  twenty  members.  Rehearsals  are  kept  up 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


95 


during  the  college  year  under  the  direction  of  a  competent  in- 
structor and  concerts  are  usually  given  in  connection  with  the 
mandolin   club,    which   is   an   independent   organization. 

GLENN,  Edwin  F. — Professor  of  military  science  and  tactics, 
1888-1891.  Born  in  N.  C,  in  1857.  West  Point,  '77.  Assigned 
to  25th  infantry  in  Texas.  Transferred  to  Port  Snelling,  in  1882. 
Promoted  to  first  lieutenant  in  1884  and  assigned  to  Co.  B.  25th 
infantry.  Graduate  in  law  at  the  University  in  1891.  After  grad- 
uating in  law  he  was  associated  with  Flandreau,  Squires  &  Cutch- 
eon,  of  St.  Paul.  Later,  for  two  years,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
law  firm  of  Stevens,  O'Brien  &  Glenn.  In  1894  he  was  appointed 
captain  and  acting  judge  advocate  U.  S.  A.,  and  assigned  to  duty 
at  the  headquarters  of  the  department  of  Dakota.  He  had  several 
years  service  in  the  Philippines  and  now  holds  rank  as  Major  in 
U.   S.  A.  and  is  stationed  at  Columbus  barracks,   Columbus,   Ohio. 

GLENN,   W.   M.— Assistant  in   medicine,  1894-98. 

GLOVER,   A.   J. — Instructor   in  sweet-curd  work,   1895-01. 

GOODALE,  Thomas  H,  ("Sid") — Mr.  Goodale  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  construction  of  the  old  main  building,  'away  back 
in  the  seventies  and  it  is  said  that  this  building  was  one  of  the 
best  constructed  on  the  campus.  In  later  years  he  became  dement- 
ed and  spent  most  of  his  time  wandering  about  the  city  telling 
his  "story"  to  anyone  who  would  listen.  The  campus  was  one 
of  his  favorite  haunts,  and  the  old  gentleman  surrounded  by  a 
group  of  students  listening  to  his  "story"  was  a  familiar  sight 
on  the  campus  for  many  years.  Mr.  Goodale  died  May  8th,  1907, 
at  his  home  in  this  city. 

GOODRICH,  Asa  F. — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  skin  and  gen- 
ito-urinary   diseases,    1897-99. 

GOODRICH,  Judd — Born  June  3d,  1869,  Minneapolis.  Minneap- 
olis high  school;  one  year  academic,  M.  D.,  1895,  University.  Clin- 
ical instructor  in  surgery  since  1899.     155  Lowry  Arcaide,   St.  Paul. 

GOPHER,  The — The  custom  of  issuing  an  annual  by  the  Jun- 
ior class  of  the  University,  was  inaugurated  by  the  class  of  1888. 
But  one  annual  had  been  issued  prior  to  that  date,  that  which 
was  issued  by  the  class  of  1885.  The  Gopher  has  been  issued 
each  year  since  the  series  was  started  In  ISSS.  The  Gopher,  in 
common  with  other  annuals  of  similar  character,  deals  with  Uni- 
versity life  from  the  student  standpoint.  It  chronicles  the  prog- 
ress of  the  University  and  the  various  societies  and  organization's, 
the  serious  and  valuable  work  being  done  by  student  organiza- 
tions, and  includes  humorous  hits  at  various  members  of  the  stu- 
dent  body    and    of   the    University    faculty. 

GOULD,    Chester    N. — Instructor    in    rhetoric.    1899-1900.      Grad- 
uate   of    the    University,    class    of    1899.      Ph.    D.,    Chicago.    1907. 
Gi-aduate  student  abroad,  1907.     Instructor  in   German,   Dartmouth 
college. 

GRADUATE  CLUB — This  is  an  organization  of  instructors  and 
students  in  the  graduate  school  for  the  purpose  of  fostering  a 
greater  interest  in  graduate  work,  for  mutual  help,  and  for  the 
discussion    of   topics    under    investigation. 

GRADUATE  SCHOOL,  The — Gathers  Into  a  single  organization 
and  unites  for  the  purposes  of  administration  all  the  activities  of 
the  University  in  all  its  schools  and  colleges  in  so  far  as  they 
relate  to  advanced  instruction  offered  for  the  second  or  higher 
degrees,  viz;  Master  of  arts  and  Doctor  of  philosophy  conferred 
for  advanced,  non-technical  study;  Master  of  science  and  Doctor 
of  science  for  technical  study;  Master  of  laws  and  Doctor  of  civil 


06  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

law  for  advanced  legal  studies.  The  privileges  of  this  school  are 
in  general  open  to  all  bachelors  of  arts,  of  science,  pure  and 
applied,  and  of  laws,  from  reputable  colleges  and  universities 
'having  courses  substantially  equivalent  to  those  at  this  University. 

More  or  less  graduate  work  has  been  provided  from  the  very 
beginning  of  the  University,  and  there  has  been  an  informal  organ- 
ization of  the  graduate  work  of  the  University  into  a  graduate 
department,  but  its  formal  organization  and  recognition  did  not 
come  until  the  meeting  of  the  board  of  regents,  held  December 
12th,  1905.  The  fee  for  graduate  work  was  made  $20  a  year,  and 
Dl'.  Henry  T.  Eddy,  was  elected  dean  at  that  time.  The  grad- 
uate school  embraces  all  the  work  of  all  departments  offering 
graduate  work  and  its  faculty  consists  of  all  persons  giving  in- 
struction to  graduate  students.  It  is  specially  provided  that  any 
pei-son  giving  instruction  in  the  school  shall  not  be  required  to 
pay  fee  for  work   done   in   the  school. 

GRADUATES,   School   of  Agriculture — 870 — men  674,  women  196. 

GRAHAM,  Christopher — Professor  of  veterinary  medicine  and 
surgery,  1892-93.  Now  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Drs.  Mayo,  Graham 
and    company   of    Rochester,    Minn. 

GRAND  RAPIDS  EXPERIMENT  STATION  BUILDINGS— 
These  include  a  dwelling  house,  a  general  ,barn,  a  dairy  barn,  a 
small  'house  and  root  cellar.  $3,000  was  appropriated  by  the  legis- 
lature of  1907,   to  make  additions  to  these  buildings. 

GRANGE,  E.  A.  A. — Lecturer  on  diseases  of  domestic  animals, 
1882-83. 

GRANRUD,  John  Evenson — Born  August  5th,  1863,  Hedenmark- 
en,  Norway.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1865;  A.  B.  '86,  A.  M.  '90, 
Luther  college;  Ph.  D.  1892,  Cornell,  magna  cum  laude.  Teacher 
at  Albert  Lea  Lutheran  academy,  1888-89;  principal  of  Bode  acad- 
emy, 1889-90;  professor  of  Latin,  St.  Olaf  college,  1892-94;  acting 
professor  of  Latin,  Luther  college,  1894-97;  assistant,  later  instruc- 
tor in  Latin  at  Michigan  university,  1897-99;  instructor  in  Latin 
at  the  University,  1899-1903;  assistant  professor  of  Latin  1903  to 
■date.  Author  of  Five  years  of  Alexander  Hamilton's  Public  Life, 
1894 ;  Roman  Constitutional  History  1902;  papers  before  various 
classical  and  philological  and  educational  associations;  contributions 
to  newspapers  and  various  other  periodicals;  Member  of  the  Thu- 
lanian  cUib;  member  of  board  of  regents  of  United  Norwegian 
Lutheran  church;  vice-president  for  Minnesota  of  the  Classical 
association  of  the  Middle  West  and  South.  605  Delaware  street 
southeast. 

GRANT,  ULYSSES  S.— Instructor  in  geology,  1897-98.  Grad- 
uate of  the  university  class  of  1888.  Now  professor  of  geology  of 
Northwestern  university  and  geologist  on  the  U.  S.  geological 
survey. 

GRAVES,  Charles  W. — Instructor  of  military  band  at  Univer- 
sity 1893-:     Principal  musician  of  the  3d  Infantry  U.   S'.  band. 

GRAY,  John  Henry— Born  March  11th,  1859,  Charleston,  111. 
Illinois  State  normal.  Normal,  111.;  B.  A.,  Harvard,  1887,  with 
special  honors  in  political  science;  instructor  at  Harvard,  three 
semesters,  1888-89;  Harvard  travelling  fellowship,  1889-92;  two 
semesters  at  Halle,  1889-90;  seven  months  at  Paris,  1890-91;  sum- 
mer semester,  1891,  at  Vienna;  seven  months,  1891-92  at  Berlin; 
Ph  D.,  Halle,  1892:  Professor  of  political  science,  head  of  the  de- 
partment, 1892-1907,  Northwestern  university,  Evanston,  111.  Pro- 
fessor of  political  science,  head  of  the  department.  University,  1907 
to  date.  Chairmon  of  the  "World  congress  on  political  science, 
Columbian   exposition,    Chicago,    1893;    chairman   of   municipal   com- 


UNIVERSITY  OP  MINNESOTA.  97 

mittee  of  the  Civic  federation  of  Chicago,  1894-96;  first  vice-presi- 
dent American  economic  association,  1897-98;  expert,  U.  S.  de- 
partment of  labor,  1902-03,  to  investigate  restriction  of  output  in 
Great  Britain;  represented  the  U.  S.  commissioner  of  labor  at 
the  International  cooperative  congress,  Manchester,  England,  June 
1902;  represented  the  United  States  at  the  International  congress 
on  insurance  of  laboring  men,  Dusseldorf,  Germany,  June  1902; 
and  the  InternatiomU  congress  on  commerce  and  industry,  Ostend, 
Belgium,  August,  1902.  Author  of  Die'  Stellung  der  Privaten 
.  Beleuchtnugsgeselschaftcn  zu  Stadt  und  Staat;  Die  Erfarungln 
Wein,  Paris,  and  Massachusetts,  Jena,  1893,  The  Pacts  of  Munici- 
pal Ownership,  being  full  report  of  National  civic  federation  com- 
mission, about  three  hundred  pages  supplied  by  Dr.  Gray;  author 
of  many  miscellaneous  articles  dealing  mainly  with  various  prob- 
lems relating  to  his  specialty;  editorial  writer  on  the  World  Re- 
view, Chicago,  for  1901-02;  various  articles  upon  municipal  owner- 
ship of  public  utilities  corporations;  public  lecturer  on  economic 
subjects:  Dr.  Gray's  writings  have  been  collected  into  three  vol- 
umes,   (not   published).    406   Eleventh    avenue   southeast. 

GRAY,  THOMAS  J. — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  the  principles 
and  practice  of  surgery  and  the  history  and  methodology  of  medi- 
cine,   1S95-1901.      Deceased. 

GREEK  CLUB,  The — An  organization  of  students,  and  alumni, 
and  faculty,  who  are  interested  in  the  study  of  Greek  life,  lan- 
guage and  literature.  A  monthly  meeting  is  held  and  papers  are 
read,  old  Greek  games  indulged  in  and  a  social  time  enjoyed.  Its 
purpose  is  to  promote  interest  in  the  study  of  Greek  and  to  unite 
the  efforts  of  those  who  are  interested  in  the  subject  for  mutual 
help  and  enjoyment. 

GREEN,  Eugene  K.'— Born  September  12th,  1870.  Minneapolis, 
Minn.  B.  A.  University,  1895;  M.  D.  1903.  Principal  of  Lamber- 
ton,  Minn.,  schools,  1895  to  1899.  Assistant  clinical  instructor  in 
medicine,  1906  to  date.  1225  Washington  avenue  north.  Res.  1419 
north  Emerson  avenue. 

GREEN,  Samuel  B. — Born  September  15th,  1859,  Chelsea,  Mass. 
Public  schools  of  Massachusetts  and  Massachusetts  agricultural 
college.  Nine  years  practical  experience  in  nursery  business,  fruit, 
vegetable  and  seed  growing.  Professor  of  horticulture  and  for- 
estry, 1888  to  date.  Author  of  Amateur  Fruit  Growing;  Vegetable 
Gardening;  Principles  of  American  Forestry;  Forestry  in  Minne- 
sota; Outline  for  Greenhouse  I.,aboratory  Work;  Course  in  Fruit 
Growing  for  Movable  Schools  of  Agriculture;  and  various  bulletins 
of  the  Minnesota  experiment  station.  Secretary  of  the  Minnesota 
state  'horticultural  society,  1890;  President  of  the  same.  1907;  mem- 
ber Minnesota  state  forestry  board;  member  of  the  Board  of 
administration  of  state  farmers'  institutes.  2095  Commonwealth 
avenue,   St.  Paul. 

GREEN,  Charles  Lyman — Born  Sept.  21.  1862,  Gray,  Maine. 
Educated  at  High  school,  Portland,  Maine;  Ann  Arbor.  Michigan; 
M.  D.,  T^niversity  1890;  graduate  work  in  London,  1890-91;  Johns 
Hopkins.  1893;  Harvard,  1894.  1895.  and  1897;  London.  1902;  Heidel- 
berg and  Berne.  1906.  Home  physician.  City  and  county  hospital, 
St.  Paul,  1889-1890;  Interne,  Great  Ormond  St.  hospital.  London, 
1890;  assistant  city  and  county  physician.  St.  Paul,  1891;  attend- 
ing physician.  City  and  county  hospital.  St.  Luke's  ho.spltal.  St. 
Paul  free  dispensary:  medical  director  of  ttie  Minnesota  mutual 
life  insurance  company;  member  of  the  State  board  of  health; 
Instructor  in  applied  anatomy,  TTniversity  of  Minnesota,  1891-93: 
physical  diagnosis  and  clinical  medicine.  1893-97;  clinical  professor 
1897-1903;   professcr  of  theory  and   practice  of  medicine,   1903-date. 


q8  dictionary  of  the 

specialist,  internal  medicine;  member  of  the  Association  of  Amer- 
ican physicians;  American  medical  association.  Author  of  "New 
Method  of  Controlling  Pernicious  Vomiting,"  "Widal  Reaction;" 
"Diago  Reaction;"  "Early  Recognition  of  Aneurism  of  the  Aortic 
Arch;"  "New  Fluoroscopic  and  Percussion  Sign  of  Unilateral 
Pleuritic  IiTxudate."  Textbooks  "Medical  Examination  for  Life 
Insurance  and  its  Associated  Clinical  Methods;"  "A  Manual  of 
Medical   Diagnosis."     Address,    150  Dowry  Arcade,    St.    Paul. 

GREENWOOD,  W.  W. — Instructor  in  mechanical  drawing,  1891- 
92. 

GREGG,  Oren  C. — Born  November  2nd,  ISl."),  Enosburgh,  Vt. 
Educated  in  the  common  schools  and  academic  and  collegiate  in- 
stitute of  Vermont  and  New  York.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1865, 
CJounty  auditor  of  Dyon  county  for  ten  years.  Superintendent  of 
the  Farmers'  Institutes  from  the  spring  of  1885  until  August  1907. 
Breeder  of  dairy  cattle,  Coteau  Farm,  Dynd,  Minn.  See  North- 
western /igricultuiist.  May  11th,  ls)07. 

GROAT,  Benjamin  F. — Instructor  in  mechanics,  1898-00,  in- 
structor in  mathematics  and  mechanics,  school  of  mines  1900-01; 
assistant   professor,    1901    to   date.      School   of   mines. 

GROUT,  Frank  Fitch— Born  January  24th,  1880,  Rockford,  111. 
Rockford  high  school,  1897;  Throop  polytechnic  institute,  1900;  B. 
S.  University,  1904.  Assistant  in  chemistry,  1901-04;  instructor  in 
mineralogy.  University  of  Oklahoma,  1906;  instructor  in  mineral- 
ogy. University,  1907.  Chemist  of  Zenith  furnace  company,  1904; 
assistant  chemist,  "West  Virginia  geological  survey,  1905;  assistant 
chemist,  Illinois  geological  survey,  1906.  Author  of  papers  upon 
The  Plasticity  of  Clay;  The  Hydrogen  of  Coal;  The  Classification 
of   Coal.      1202    Seventh   street   southeast. 

GROVER,  M.  D.— Special  lecturer,  college  of  law,  1902-03. 
General    counsel    for    the    G.    N.    Ry.    Co. 

GUILD,    Allen    W. — Superintendent   of  buildings   since   1893. 

GUINEA  PIG,  The — This  publication  was  issued  by  the  junior 
classes  of  the  college  of  the  medical  department  of  the  Univer- 
sity, in  May  1906.  It  dealt  with  the  departments  which  it  rep- 
resented in  a  manner  somewhat  after  the  Gopher.  The  publica- 
tion  was   not   continued   in   1907. 

GUTHRIE,  ANNA  LORRAINE'— B.  A.,  University,  1892;  ref- 
erence libraria?!,  University,  1893-1904.  Editor  of  the  Readers' 
Guide  to  Periodical  Literature,  since  1902;  editor  of  the  Cumulated 
Readers'   Guide,   published  by  the   H.   "W.   Wilson   company. 

GYMNASIUM,  The — Located  in  the  armory,  and  is  well  equipped 
with  a  variety  of  gj'mnastic  appliances.  The  object  of  the  gym- 
nasium is  to  provide  all  of  the  students  of  the  University  oppor- 
tunity for  exercise  to  build  up  their  general  health.  It  also 
provides  special  training  to  correct  physical  defects  and  functional 
derangements.  The  gymnasium  is  in  charge  of  a  professional 
medical  director  and  assistants,  and  the  training  is  under  their 
direct  supervision.  A  thorough  physical  examination  is  offered 
each  student  immediately  before  and  after  the  gr>-mnasium  course, 
and  a  record  is  made  of  the  same.  The  examination  of  these 
records  shows  a  marked  improvement  in  the  standard  of  health 
of  the  average  student  during  his  college  course.  The  gymnasium 
is  open  at  all  times  to  all  young  men  In  the  University  who  are 
free  to  use  the  apparatus  and  to  pursue  a  course  of  physical 
training  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  director  and  his  assist- 
ants. The  young  women  are  under  the  charge  of  an  instructor 
who  devotes  her  whole  time  to  the  work  and  the  north  wing  of 
the  Armory  is  set  apart  for  their  use.     Work  in  physical  culture 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


99 


Is   required    of   all    young   men    and   women    of    the   freshman    class 
in  the  college  of  science,  literature  and  the  arts. 

HAAS,  Edward — Assistant  in  technics  and  clinics,  college  of 
dentistry,   lS9o-96. 

HACK,    Charles    W. — Assistant    in   practical   anatomy,    1897-99. 

HAECKER,    A.    L.— Instructor  in   milk  testing,   1895-96. 

HAECKER,    H.   A.— Instructor  in  dairy  laboratory,   1896-99. 

HAECKER,  Theophilus  L. — Instructor  on  dairying,  1891-94; 
professor  of  dairy  husbandry  1894'-1907;  professor  of  dairy  hus- 
bandry and  animal  nutrition  1907  to  date,  in  charge  of  dairy 
husbandry  in  the  Experiment  station.  Author  of  many  reports 
on  his  investigations  in  the  line  of  dairy  husbandry,  which  appear 
In  the  bulletins  issued  by  the  experiment  station  and  in  the  agri- 
cultural press. 

HAGGARD,  George  Delaney — Born  January  19th,  1857,  Pair- 
port,  Minn.  Common  and  high  schools,  Eau  Claire,  Wis.  Chris- 
tian college,  Oskaloosa,  la.  1880;  taught  three  years  in  schools  of 
Wisconsin  and  Iowa.  M.  D.  University,  1893;  assistant  for  three 
years  in  the  department  of  physiology.  Ten  years  general  experi- 
ence as  a  machinist.  Assistant  in  physiology,  1903-4;  instructor 
in  physiology,   1904   to  date.     2400   Chicago  avenue. 

HALL,  Alexander  Ritchie — Born  in  1874,  Washington,  Ont., 
Canada.  Matriculate  Ontario,  Arts;  M.  D.,  C.  M.,  McGill,  1900; 
M.  R.  C.  S.  Eng.,  L.  R.  C.  P.  Lond.  1902.  Clinical  instructor  in 
medicine  1904   to  date.   Moore  building,   St.   Paul. 

HALL,  Christopher  Webber— Born  February  28th,  1845,  Wards- 
boro,  Vt.  Honor  man,  Middlebury  college,  1871;  M.  A.,  same,  '73; 
.studied  at  Leipzig,  1875  77;  principal  of  Glenn's  Fall,  N.  Y.. 
academy,  1871-72;  principal  of  Mankato  high  school,  1872-73;  super- 
intendent of  city  schools,  Owatonna,  1873-75;  instructor  in  Uni- 
versity, 1878-80';  professor  of  geology,  mineralogy  and  biology, 
1880-1891;  botany  instead  of  biology,  1891-92;  professor  of  geology 
and  mineralogy,  1892  to  date;  curator  of  the  geological  museum, 
1889  to  date;  Dean  of  the  college  of  engineering,  metallurgy  and 
the  mechanic  artjs,  1892-97;  Author  of  History  of  the  University 
of  Minnesota;  Geography  of  Minnesota;  and  a  large  number  of 
papers  upon  subjects  related  to  his  specialty.  Fellow  of  the 
Geological  society  of  America,  Association  of  American  geogi-a- 
phers;  American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science;  pres- 
ident of  the  Geographical  society  of  Minnesota.  803  University  av- 
enue southeast. 

HALL,    Earl — Dispensary    assistant,    1899    to    date. 

HALL,  Oscar  H. — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  history  and 
methodology  of  medicine,  1902-1903;  associate  professor  of  renal 
diseases.    1903    to  date.     Pittsburg  building,    St.   Paul. 

HAMILTON,  A.  S. — Assistant  in  the  pathology  of  the  nervous 
system,  1904-06;  instructor  in  same,  1906  to  date.  600  Washington 
avenue   southeast. 

HAMILTON  CLUB  PRIZE,  The — The  University  competes  an- 
nually for  this  prize.  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Wisconsin.  Iowa,  Ohio, 
Indiana,  Northwestern,  and  Chicago  universities  and  Knox  college 
constitute  the  league.  Each  of  the  colleges  named  submits  one 
oration  upon  Alexander  Hamilton  or  some  character  or  event 
connected  with  his  time.  From  the  orations  submitted  four  are 
chosen   to   be   delivered   before   ttie   Hamilton    club   of   Chicago. 

In  the  four  years  Minnesota  has  succeeded  but  once  in  winning 
the   right  to   compete   in    the   finals,    Theodore   Christiansen   repre- 


100  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

senting  the  University,  the  first  year,  with  an  oration  upon  Pat- 
rick Henry  and  was  given  third  place  in  the  finals  at  Chicago, 
January   11th,    1905. 

HAMLIN,  Edward  C,  St.  Cloud — Regent  February  14th,  1860- 
March  4th,    1864. 

HAMLIN.  George  B.— Born  February  10th,  1871,  Minneapolis. 
Grammar  and  part  of  high  school.  Minneapolis;  two  years  Col- 
orado college;  M.  D.  University,  (hom.)  1896.  Professor  (hom.) 
pedology,    1906   to   date.     126  West  Grant  street. 

HAMMOND,  Asa  J. — Assistant  in  chemistry,  1891-93;  instruc- 
tor, 1893-94.  Graduate  of  the  University,  classes  of  1891.  Hom., 
1896.      Now   practicing  physician   in   Minneapolis. 

HAND,    Daniel    W. — Professor   of    surgery,    1882-1887. 

HANDY,  John  A. — Instructor  in  chemistry,  1907  to  date.  Ph. 
C,    University,    1906.     124    State   street   southeast. 

HARDING,  Everhart  Percy — Born  August  15,  1870.  Waseca, 
Minn.  j>istrict  school;  Waseca  high  school,  ISSS;  B.  S.,  Univer- 
sitj-,  1894;  M.  S.,  1895;  University  of  Heidelberg,  two  years  gradu- 
ate work.  Ph.  D..  1900.  Taught  one  year  in  district  school;  as- 
sistant In  chemistry,  1894-96;  irstructor,  1896-99;  lecturer,  1901- 
05:  assistant  professor,  1905  to  date.  Author  of  Chemistry  of 
Wheat;  Synthesis  and  Reduction  of  Analines;  Derivatives  of  Al- 
dazine,  Reduction  Products;  Synthesis  and  Derivatives  of  Hy- 
drazmes;  Iniproved  Apparatus  and  Modification  of  Drehschmidts 
Method  for  Determining  Total  Sulphur  in  Illuminating  Gas;  Er- 
ror in  Duparquier's  Method  for  Determining  Hydrogen  Sulphide 
in  Illuminating  Gas;  A  Quantitative  Method  for  Determining  Car- 
bon Bisulphide  in  a  Mixture  of  Benzene  and  Carbon  Bisulphide; 
A  Quantitative  Method  of  Determining  Carbon  Bisulphide  in  Il- 
luminating Gas;  Synthesis  of  2.5  Bimethylbenzaldehyde,  the  Es- 
tablishment of  its  Constitution  and  Preparation  of  Some  Deriva- 
tives; Synthesis  of  Dimethylbenzaldazin  and  Salts  of  Derivatives. 
Phi  Beta  Kappa,  Sigma  Xi;  F.  A.  A.  1316  Seventh  street  south- 
east. 

HARE,  Earl  Russell — Born  1872,  Summerfield.  Ohio.  Kansas 
City  high  r;chool,  1890;  Iowa  Wesleyan,  A.  B.,  1894;  University, 
M.  D.,  1900;  prosector  in  anatomy,  1900-07;  instructor  in  anatomy, 
1907  to  date.     327  Fourteenth  avenue  southeast 

HARPER,  David  N. — Chemist  of  the  expeiiment  station,  1888; 
professor   of  agricultural   chemistry,   1890-91. 

HARRINGTON,    C.    D.— Assistant   in   surgery,    1000-02. 

HART2ELL.  Mary  V. — ^Student  assistant  in  operative  clinic, 
1892-93;  D.  M.  D.— same  title,  1893-96;  instructor  in  operative 
technics  1S96-97;  instructor  in  dental  anatomy,  1897-1901;  instruc- 
tor in  comparative  dental  anatomy,   1901  to  date. 

HARTZELL,  Thomas  B. — Instructor  in  dental  anatomy  and 
assistant  in  oral  surgery  clinic,  1892-93;  D.  M'.  D.— instructor  in 
comparative  dental  anatomy,  physical  diagnosis,  and  assistant  on 
oral  surgery  clinic,  1893-95;  M.  D.— lecturer  on  pathology,  physical 
diagnosis  and  oral  surgery,  1895-96;  professor  pathology  and  oral 
(Burgery.  1896-98;  professor  of  pathology,  therapeutics  and  oral 
surgery,  1898-05;  professor  of  clinical  pathology,  therapeutics  and 
oral  surgery,  1905  to  date. 

HARWOOD,  A.  A.,  Austin— Regent,  1868  to  date  of  resignation, 
February   9,   1878. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  loi 

HATCH  BILL — This  bill  was  signed  and  became  a  law  of  the 
United  States,  March  2,  1S87.  Under  its  provisions  the  Univer- 
sity experiment  station  was  organized  and  has  been  supported. 
This  bill  is  intended  solely  to  encourage  agricultural  experimenta- 
tion and  the  University  board  of  regents  receive  annually,  under 
Its  terms,    the  sum  of   $15,000. 

HATCH,  Dr.  P.  L. — Author  of  the  bird  book  of  the  geological 
and  natural  history  survey  of  the  state.  He  was  born  in  1823 
and  died  M'ay  22,  1904,  at  the  age  of  81  years.  He  was  at  one 
time  a  proniinent  physician  of  this  city,  but  for  about  twenty 
years  before  his  death  had  resided  in  Los  Angeles,  California. 
His  great  interest  in  the  subject  caused  him  to  be  selected  by 
Professor  N.  H.  Winchell,  when  he  had  charge  of  all  the  work 
of  the  geological  and  natural  history  sun-ey,  to  write  a  report 
on  the  birds  of  Minnesota.  The  report  appears  as  volume  one 
of  the  zoological  series  of  the  reports  of  the  State  geological  and 
natural  history  survey  and  was  issued  in  June,  1892.  The  volume 
contains  4S7  pages  and  is  now  very  scarce,  though  in  consider- 
able  demand. 

HAUGDAHL,  Samuel — Instiucior  in  cultures  and  starters,  1901- 
04. 

H  AVI  LAND,  Willis  Henry — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  mental 
and  nervous  diseases,   1SS9-90. 

HAW  LEY,  Elizabeth  McK. — Assistant  in  library  since  1896; 
now  head  of  loan   department.     323  Eleventh  avenue  southeast. 

HAW  LEY,  George  M.  B. — Quiz  master,  college  of  law,  1895- 
9G. 

HAYNES,  Arthur  Edwin— Born  May  23,  1849,  Onondaga  county. 
New  York  Scientific  course.  Hillsdale  college,  subsequently  stud- 
ied four  summers  at  Michigan,  Harvard  and  Cornell.  Taught 
five  terms  in  village  schools;  five  in  college  before  graduating; 
nine  in  University  summer  schools.  15  years  in  Hillsdale  college; 
three  years  m  Michigan  school  of  mines;  assistant  professor  of 
mathematics,  1893  to  1896;  professor  of  mathematics,  college  of 
engineering.  1896-1901;  professor  of  engineering  mathematics, 
since  1901.  Contributor  to  the  annual  reports  of  the  Society  for 
the  promotion  of  engineering  education,  also  other  educational  pa- 
pers; Member  of  the  Society  for  the  promotion  of  engineering  ed- 
ucation; American  association  for  the  advancement  of  scienue. 
Phi  Beta  Kappa;  Sigma  Xi.     703  River  road  east. 

HAYNES,  Rowland— Bom  July  30,  1878,  Worcester,  Mass. 
Public  schools  of  Worcester;  A.  B.  Williams,  1902;  1902-06,  stu- 
dent of  Columbia  university  and  Union  theological  seminary.  New 
York  City.  1904-05,  fellow  in  psychology  of  religion,  Clark  uni- 
versity, M.  A.  '05:  1905-06,  assistant  in  philosophy,  Columbia  uni- 
versity. 1902-04.  coach  of  the  Williams  college  debating  team. 
1903-04,  social  settlement  work  in  New  York  City.  Instructor  In 
psychology,   1907  \o  date.     306  Seventh  street  southeast. 

HAYS,  Willet  M.— Assistant  in  agriculture,  experiment  sta- 
tion, 1887-90;  professor  of  theory  and  practice  of  agriculture, 
1800-91.  Professor  of  agriculture,  1893;  vice  chairman  and  agri- 
culturist, experiment  station,  1894-04.  Now  assistant  secretary  of 
the  U.   S.  Department  of  agriculture. 

HEAD    George   Douglas— Born  September  19,  1870,  Elgin,  Minn. 

Fargo     N     D.    high    school,    1888;    B.    S.,    University,    1892;    M.    D.. 

1895-  graduate  work  at  Johns  Hopkins,  1897-00;  graduate  work  In 

internal""  medicine,    Vienna,    1903.      Public    school    teacher,    1888; 


102  DICTIONARY   OP  THE 

assistant  in  histology,  University,  lS93-9'5;  instructor  in  clinical 
microscopy,  1896-04;  professor  of  clinical  microscopy  and  medi- 
cine, 1904  to  date.  Author  of  Protozoa  in  Human  Disease;  Experi- 
ment Demonstration  in  the  use  of  Tuberculin  as  a  Diagnostic 
Agent;  Leucocyte  Count  in  the  Diagnosis  of  Abdominal  Diseases; 
Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis;  Value  of  Newer  Signs  and  Procedures 
In  Diagnosis;  Chlorosis,  study  of  twenty  cases;  L.eucocyte  Count 
in  Diagnosis  of  Diseases  of  Children:  Tuberculin  as  a  Diagnostic 
Agent;  Leucocyte  Count  in  Haemorihage;  A  Case  of  Suspected 
Rabies  with  Isolation  of  Bac  Dipth;  Vienna  Letters;  Symptoma- 
tology of  Acute  Nephritis;  Etiological  Relationship  Between  Can- 
cer and  Ulcer  of  the  Stomach;  Glenard's  Disease,  study  of  twen- 
ty-five   cases.    802    Andrus   building. 

HEATH,  A,  C. — Assistant  in  diseases  of  nose  and  throat,  1898- 
00. 

HEATING  Plant — Completed  in  1S90  at  a  cost  of  $20,000,  and 
contains  the  heating  apparatus  for  all  the  buildings  on  the  cam- 
pus. 

H EATON  Committee — This  was  a  committee  of  both  houses  of 
the  legislature  of  1860.  The  report,  which  was  printed,  scored 
very  strongly  the  practices  of  the  boards  of  regents  up  to  that 
date.  The  creation  of  the  special  board  of  three  regents  is  doubt- 
less due,   largely,   to  their  report. 

HEATWOLE,  Joel  P.,  Northfield— Regent,  1891-97.  Born  in 
Waterford,  Ind.,  in  185G.  Received  a  common  school  education. 
Taught  school,  and  in  1876  engaged  in  publishing  a  paper.  Came 
to  Minnesota  in  1882,     Elected  to  Congress  in  1894. 

HELENA,  Mont. — This  association  includes  all  alumni  of  the 
University  living  in  Montana.  Harry  K.  Jones,  Law  '04,  is  the 
nmoving  spirit  in  this  association. 

HELLER,  A.  A. — Instructor  in  botany,  1896-98.  Graduate  of 
Franklin  and  Marshall  college,  1892.  He  became  much  interested 
in  botany  and  spent  two  vacations  making  collections  for  the 
principal  herbaria  of  Europe  and  America.  Member  of  a  govern- 
ment expedition  to  Idaho.  He  also  went  to  Hawaii  to  study  its 
flora.  He  studied  at  Columbia  university  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Torrey  botanical  club  and  associate  editor  of  its  publications. 
Wrote   much    for   the  technical  press   upon   botanical   subjects. 

HENDERSON,  Andrew  M. — ^Assistant  in  clinical  medicine, 
ls?98-04. 

HENDRICKS,    George   A.— Professor   of   anatomy,    18S8-89. 

HERMEAN— The  second  literary  society  of  the  University. 
Organized  in  1870,  disbanded  in  — '—  and  reorganized  in  1898  and 
continued  in  existence  for  five  or  six  years.  The  object  of  this 
Kociety  was  originally  the  promotion  of  culture  and  literary  activ- 
ity, especially  oratory  and  debate  and  the  cultivation  of  a  spirit 
of  friendship  among  its  members. 

HERRICK,  Carl  Albert — Instructor  in  engineering  mathema- 
tics,   1902-Oa. 

HERRICK,  Clarence  L.— Instructor  in  zoology,  1883-84.  Died 
September,   J904. 

HERTZ,  E.  Fran klyn— Instructor  in  prosthetic  dentistry,  1898- 
01;  also  in  dental  anatomy,  1901-02;  professor  of  dental  anatomy 
axiC  prosthetic  technics.  19'02-07.  Now  in  business  in  Portland, 
Oregon. 


UNrV^ERSm    OF  MINNESOTA.  103 

HEWITT,  Charles  N.— Non-resident  professor  of  public  liealt3i> 
1874-Ci2.  Born  in  New  York  in  1835.  Hobart  medical  college, 
I80S.  Demonstrator  of  anatomy  while  attending  medical  college. 
Practiced  medicine  at  Geneva,  N.  Y.  Assistant  surgeon  oOth 
New  York  engineers,  IStJl,  and  surgeon,  1862.  Surgeon-in-chief 
of  Engineers'  brigade,  iSG2-65.  President  of  state  medical  society, 
1865.  Mairied  April  22,  1S69,  to  Helen  Robinson.  Secretary  arad 
executi\e  orficer  of  the  Minnesota  State  board  of  health,  1872-97. 
Director  of  the  Minnesota  vaccine  station  since  1889.  Address, 
Red  "Wing,   Minn. 

HI  BEAR  D,  H.  Wade — Born  in  India  in  1863.  His  parents  were 
American  missionai-ies  to  Burmali.  Boyhood  was  passed  in  Ver- 
mont, wheie  his  father  was  engaged  in  religious  and  educational 
work.  Attended  Middlebury  high  school,  graduated  from  Ver- 
mont academy,  1882.  Entered  Brown  university,  graduating  in 
1886  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  M'ithin  a  week  after  his  gradua- 
tion he  entered  the  Rhode  Island  locomotive  works  and  remained 
there  three  full  years,  when  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  a  gang 
of  men  to  set  up  and  adjust  the  link  motions  and  locate  the 
eccentrics  and  slide  valves,  an  important  position.  He  spent  his 
evenings  in  a  drawmg  and  technical  school  in  preparation  for 
a  professional  course  which  he  was  about  to  take  up.  The  two 
following  years  were  spent  as  a  graduate  at  Cornell.  Here  he 
distinguished  himself  as  a  scholar  by  winning  a  Sibley  prize 
which  is  offered  annually  to  the  one  "who  shall,  in  the  opmion 
of  the  faculty  of  that  institution,  show  the  greatest  merit  in  a 
college  course."  In  1891  he  received  the  degree  of  Mechanical 
Engineer,  and  at  once  entered  into  the  employment  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania railroad  as  draftsman  and  mechanical  engineer.  He  de- 
signed a  compound  locomotive  which  is  now  used  for  the  heaviest 
exprf»«s   between   New   York  and   Philadelphia. 

The  summer  of  1892  he  spent  in  Europe  studying  locomotive 
en°-ineering  and  visiting  the  leading  technical  schools  in  Eng- 
land Germany  and  France.  In  1894  he  was  made  chief  drafts- 
man' of  the  Lehigh  valley  railroad  system.  This  position  he  held 
till  October  1895,  when  he  was  elected  assistant  professor  of  me- 
chanical engineering  at  the  University.  Resigned  in  1898  to  ac- 
cept a   position   in  Cornell,  where  he  is  now. 

HICKMAN,  Adam  C— Born  April,  1837,  Columbia  county,  Ohio. 
Graduate  of  Allegheny  college,  Meadville,  Pa.;  Ohio  state  and 
union  law  college,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  Thirty-three  years'  practice 
of  law.  Lecturer  in  law,  1892-94;  professor  pleading  and  practice, 
1894    to   date.      1229   Sew  nth   street   southeast. 

HIGBEE,  Albert  E.— Professor  (homeopathic)  of  gynecology, 
18X8-94. 

HIGBEE.  Paul  A.— Assistant  (homeopathic)  in  surgery,  1903- 
HIGH  School  Board— Act  creating  this  board  was  approved 
March.  1S7S.  Legally  and  technically  this  board  has  no^«^; 
nection  with  the  University,  but,  owing  to  the  ^^ct  that  the 
president  of  the  University  is  ex-oflicio  a  member  ^^  ^^e  b^o^^^ 
Tnd  its  examiner,  it  has  practically  been  very  closely  'de^ntifled 
with  the  growth  and  development  of  the  University.  The  act 
7roatin"  the  board  is  to  be  credited  directly  to  Dr.  Folwell  who 
was  hen  president  of  the  University.  The  act  creating  the  board 
^al  bfen  'ameS  many  times  but  its  essential  f-t--„n:  ^ 
the  same  and  these  features  are— an  inspection  of  the  schools  Dom 
high  a"d  graded,  by  a  person  appointed  to  that  duty,  or,  by  an 
examination  of  its  pupils,  or.  both;  by  state  financial  aid  to  high 
school  and   graded  schools.     This   act  gave  Minnesota  one  of  the 


104  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

best  school  systems  in  the  country.  It  unified  and  simplified  and 
so  made  more  efficient  the  whole  system  from  the  kindergarten 
to  the  University. 

HILL,  Hibbert  Winslow.— Born  September  16,  1871,  St.  Johns, 
N.  B.  CoUeg-iate  Institute,  Woodstock,  Ont.  M.  D.,  University  of 
Toronto,  1803;  M.  D.  1S99;  Johns  Hopkins,  graduate  work,  1895; 
epecial  work,  1S98;  George  Brown  scholar,  1883-94;  Starr  Gold 
medal,  1899.  Taught  in  private  school;  demonstrator  of  clinical 
chemistry  and  pathology  and  bacteriology,  Toronto,  1893-96;  in- 
structor in  bacteriology.  Harvaid  Medical  School,  1903-05;  asist- 
ant  professor  of  bacteriology.  University  1895  to  date.  First  as- 
sistant bacteriologist,  Louisville  Water  Filtration  Experts,  1896; 
acting  first  assistant  Philadelphia  board  of  healthi  laboratory,  1896; 
biologist,  director  and  chief  of  bureau,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  water- 
shed laboratory,  1896-98;  director  of  Boston  board  of  health  labor- 
atory, 1898-190S.  Assistant  director  of  the  state  board  of  health 
of  Minnesota,  1905-date.  Author  of  papers  on  pathology,  on 
morphology  of  bacteria;  on  various  public  health  problems;  on 
technique;  annual  reports  of  various  laboratories,  about  forty  to 
fifty  in  all.  Managing  editor,  now  associate  editor,  American  Jour- 
nal of  Public  Hygiene,  1903  to  date.  Member  and  chairman  of 
various  comrnitloes  on  public  health  subjects;  vice-chairman  and 
chairman  of  the  laboratory  section  of  the  American  Public  Health 
Association:  charter  member  Society  of  American  Bacteriologists; 
American  association  of  Pathologists  and  Bacteriologists;  laborato- 
ry section  of  the  A.  P.  H.  A. ;  Fellow  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical 
Society.     Nu   Sigma   Nu;    Sigma  Xi.     University   of  Minnesota. 

HILLESHEIM,  Catherine — Instructor  in  animal  biology,  1902-03.' 
HILLMAiN,  Ada    B. — Second  general  secretary  of  the  University 
Y.   W.   C.   A.,   1899-03,   and  1906-07.     Now  secretary   of  the   city  as- 
sociation of  Tacoma,  Wash. 

HINTON,  Charles  H.— Educated  at  Rugby  school.  He  obtained 
a  scholarship  at  Balliol  college,  Oxford,  and  took  highest  honors 
in  the  mathematical  schools.  Subsequently  studied  physics  in 
Oxford  and  Berlin  and  was  for  some  time  engaged  in  teaching' 
science.  He  was  appointed  head  master  of  Victoria  public  school 
in  Yokohoma,  Japan,  but  resigned  the  position  for  one  under  the 
Japanese  government,  which  afforded  him  the  opportunity  of 
prosecuting  his  mathematical  work.  In  1893  he  was  offered  a 
post  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  where  he  remained  for  four 
years  as  instructor.  He  was  appointed  assistant  professor  of 
mathematics  at  the  University  in  1897  and  resigned  three  years 
later.  Author  of  several  books  besides  papers  on  mathematical 
and  physical  subjects.  Among  the  best  of  his  publications  are 
"Scientific  Romances"  and  "Stella."  In  the  last  named  book 
he  has  used  fiction  as  a  vehicle  for  representing  in  a  popular 
form  some  of  the  thoughts  and  speculations  of  m,oderni  mathe- 
matics. 

He  was  the  author  of  several  books  devoted  to  scientific  re- 
search, the  chief  of  Which  is  "The  Fourth  Dimension."  His 
particular  field  work  in  mathematical  lines  was  upon  the  subject 
of  "transcendental  space."  He  was  widely  known  as  the  inventor 
of  the  bascvball  gun  to  shoot  curves.  At  the  time  of  his  death, 
April,  1907,  he  was  employed  In  the  patent  office  at  Washington, 
D.   C. 

HISTORICAL  Sketch  of  the  University— A  pamphlet  contain- 
ing an  address  delivered  before  the  state  historical  society  D©- 
cember  11,  1905,  by  Honorable  John  B.  Gilfillan,  at  one  time  a 
regent  of  the  University.  46pp.  and  cover.  Contains  much  valu- 
able data. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNE^SOTA.  I05 

HISTORY  of  the  University — A  pamphlet  containing  a  full  re- 
port of  an  address  made  by  John  S.  Kllsbury,  president  of  the 
board  of  regents,  June  1,  lb;93,  before  the  alumni  of  the  Univer- 
sity at  their  annua',  dinner  at  the  West  hotel.  Contains  much 
valuable   material. 

HISTORY  of  the  University,  Early — The  report  of  the  board 
lOf  regents  made  to  the  legislature  in  1S61,  contains  a  very  full 
and  careful  review  of  the  history  of  the  University  down  to  that 
date. 

HISTORY— "An  historical  sketch,"  by  Professor  C.  W.  Hall, 
Gopher  of  1897,   pp.   11-88. 

HISTORY— "A  leaf  from  the  past,"  by  Dr.  Folwell,  Gopher 
1.S95,    pp.    15-19. 

HOAG,  William  R. — Born  in  Fillmore  county,  Minn.,  in  1859. 
Here  he  spent  his  boyhood,  attending  school  in  winter  and  doing 
Ifarm  work  in  summer.  A  year  at  Spring  Valley  schools,  three 
years  at  the  Rochester  high  school,  an  extended  visit  to  Eastern 
cities,  one  year  of  teaching,  then  he  entered  the  University.  The 
next  three  years  was  devoted  to  his  studies  and  work  with  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad.  He  graduated  with  "84  with  the  degree 
of  B.  C.  E.,  and  received  Ihe  degree  M.  S.,  in  18SS.  Became  in- 
st:uctor  in  civil  engineering  in  1SS5,  made  assistant  professor  in 
1886,  and  professor  in  1890,  resigned  in  1907  to  take  up  profes- 
sional work. 

HOBBS,  Fred  E. — Instructor  in  moot  court  practice,  1902-03; 
justice  and  moot  court  practice,  1903-date.  Graduate  of  the  Uni- 
versity, class  of  1888,  and  law  '92.  Practicing  lawyer  in  this 
city. 

HOFF,  P.  A. — Assistant  in  clinical  medicine,  1901-05;  clinical 
instructor  in  medincine,  1905  to  date.     iMvrry  Arcade,  St.  Paul. 

HOG  BARN— Erected  in  1902,  at  a  cost  of  $3,000.  Provided 
with  the  necessary  equipment  to  furnish  instruction  in  the  care 
and    breeding    of    swine. 

HOLM,  John  G. — Instructor  in  rhetoric,  1904-05.  Graduate  of 
the  University,  class  of  1904.  Since  engaged  in  newspaper  work. 
Now  with   the  Free  Press,    Milwaukee,    Wis. 

HOLT,  Charles  M. — Scholar  in  pedagogy,  1902-05;  instructor  in 
education  since  1905.  Has  charge  of  training  the  members  of 
the  dramatic  clubs  for  the  plays  presented  by  the  club.  Weaver- 
ly    Hotel. 

HOME  BUILDING— The  first  school  building  erected  for  the 
school  of  agriculture.  It  contains  accommodations  for  twenty-four 
students.  The  building  is  60  x  70  feet,  two  stories  and  basement. 
It  was   erected   in  18S7,    at  a  cost  of  $18,000. 

HOME  ECONOMICS  BUI LDING— This  building  was  erected  in 
1890,  at  a  cost  of  $6,500,  from  the  profits  on  the  sale  of  the  first 
University    farm. 

HOMEOPATHIC   MEDICINE  AND  SURGERY,  The  College  of— 

For  general  statement  of  the  organization  and  history  of  the 
department  of  medicine  see  statement  under  the  college  of  medi- 
cine  and    surgery. 

This  college  is  the  direct  and  lineal  descendant  of  the  Minne- 
sota homeopathic  medical  college  which  was  established  In  1886. 
The  old  college  ceased  to  exist  and  the  new  came  Into  existence 
by    the    acceptance,    by    the    board    of   regents    of   the   University, 


Io6  DICTIONARY   OF  THE 

of  tlie  proposition  of  the  trustees  of  the  Minnesota  college,  to 
surrender  the  charter  of  that  institution  and  to  become  merged 
in  the  department  of  medicine  which  was  then  being  formed. 
The  college  faculty  was  appointed  in  the  spring  of  1888  and 
instruction  was  begun  in  the  fall,  with  Dr.  H.  W.  Brazie,  as 
sccretarj'  of  the  faculty  and  Di'.  Perry  H.  Millard,  as  dean  of 
the  department.  In  the  fall  of  1892,  this  college,  together  with 
the  others  constituting  the  department  removed  to  the  Universi- 
ty campus,  the  work  having  been  previously  conducted  in  the 
building  now  occupied  by  the  Asbury  hospital,  on  the  corner  of 
ninth  avenue  south  anj  sixth  street.  With  the  removal  to  the 
campus,  this  college  was  made  more  independent  in  the  govern- 
ment of  its  affairs  and  Dr.  Brazie  was  made  dean.  The  work  was 
carried  along  without  special  incident  until  1893,  when  Dr.  Alon- 
zo  P  "^'illiamson,  became  dean,  in  place  of  Dr.  Brazie,  resigned. 
Dr.  Williamson  continued  as  dean  until  1903,  when  he  resigned 
and  Dr.  Eugene  L.  Mann  was  elected  in  his  place.  The  college, 
as  first  organized,  provided  a  course  of  three  years,  which  was 
increased  to  a  four-year  course  in  1895.  This  college  has  increased 
its  entrance  requirements,  at  various  times,  until  now  it  requires 
two  full  years  of  college  work  for  admission.  In  190-3,  the  attend- 
ance fell  off  so  that  a  proposition  was  made  to  abolish  the  college 
altogether,  providing  for  the  work  of  the  college  by  the  creation 
of  two  professorships,  one  in  homeopathic  materia  medica  and 
one  in  therapeutics.  The  movement  failed  and  the  college  con- 
tinues, as  in  the  past,  to  furnish  a  full  college  course  in  homeo- 
pathic medicine  and  surgery.  The  work  in  anatomy,  physiology, 
histologj",  chemistry  and  bacteriology  is  pursued  in  common  with 
tlie    other    students    of    the    department. 

The  college  has  graduated  74  men  and  15  women.  The  enroll- 
ment is  now,  190'J-07,  IC.  The  faculty  includes  five  paid  profes- 
sors and  two  other  employes.  The  full  faculty  consists  of  twenty- 
six  professors,  and  eight  lecturers  and  assistants.  It  has  all  of 
the  advantages  of  the  equipment  of  laboratories  and  buildings  of 
the  department,  for  which  see  statement  of  the  college  of  medi- 
cine and  surgery.  Tuition  $100  a  year.  See  also  Six-year  med- 
ical course.     See  Hospitals. 

HONORARY  FRATERNITIES  AT  M  IN  NESOTA— Phi  Beta 
Kappa,  Pi  Beta  Nu  (local,  extinct).  Pi  Sigma,  Sigma  Xi. 

HORNING,  D.  W, — Associate  professor  (homeopathic)  of  dis- 
eases of  heart  and  lungt,,  and  clinical  medicine  and  physical  diag- 
nosis,   1903    to    date.     Pillsbury    building. 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDING— Erected  in  1899,  at  a  cost  of 
$35,000.  It  contains  the  office  and  recitation  rooms  of  the  horti- 
culturist and  the  department  of  physics  and  botany,  and  a  large 
room  specially  arranged  for  classes  in  sewing  and  dressmaking. 
Connected  with  this  building  are  extensive  rooms  under  glass  for 
winter  plant  propagation,  experiment  and  demonstration  work  in 
classes.  The  building  proper  is  50x80,  of  red  pressed  brick  and 
Btone,  with  greenhouse  of  about  4,400  square  feet,  a  laboratoi-y 
26x50   feet   and   a  machine   shed,   20x90  feet. 

HOSPITALS— The  hospitals  of  the  "twin  cities"  have,  very 
generally,  ooened  their  doors  to  the  students  of  the  department 
Of  medicine".  Thursdays  and  Saturdays  during  the  junior  and 
senior  years  are  devoted  to  clinics  at  the  various  hospitals.  These 
hospitals  include— the  city  hospital  of  Minneapolis,  one  hundred 
forty  beds  places  its  entire  clinical  material  at  the  command  of 
the    clinical    teachers    of    the   department;    St.    Barnabas    hospital, 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  I07 

elgrhty-four  beds,  the  Asbury  hospital,  one  hundred  sixty  beds, 
the  Swedish  and  Northwestern  hospitals,  each  with  fifty  beds, 
iplace  their  clinical  facilities  at  the  disposal  of  the  students  of 
the  department.  This  makes  Minneapolis  hospitals,  with  a  total 
capacity  of  four  hundred  eighty-four  beds,  available  for  the  use 
of    the    department. 

In  St.  Paul  the  city  and  county  hospital  with  three  hundred 
beds  and  its  orthopedic  department  which  is  under  the  direct 
charge  of  the  professor  of  orthopedic  surgery,  St.  Joseph's  hos- 
pital, one  hundred  twenty-five  beds,  St.  Luke's,  with  ninety  beds 
all  welcome  the  clinical  staff  of  the  department  and  make  provi- 
sion for  making  their  clinical  material  of  the  greatest  use  to 
students    of    medicine. 

HOU3H,  W.  S. — Assistant  professor  of  mental  and  moral  phi- 
losophy, 1SS9-91.  Professor  of  philosophy  1891-94.  M.  Ph.,  Mich., 
1S84.  Two  years  at  Berlin,  a  year  in  England  and  one  in  Paris 
studying  philosophy.     Instructor  in  philosophy,  Mich.,  18S8-89. 

HOVDA,  Olaf — Instructor  in  engineering  mathematics,  1906  to 
date.     8    Florence    Court. 

HOVERSTAD,  Torger  A. — Superintendent  of  the  sub-station 
at  Crookston,   1893-06.     Now   living  at  Dennison,   Minn. 

HOW,  Jnred — Lecturer  on  landlord  and  tenant,  1898-07;  spe- 
cial lecturer,  same.  1907  to  date.  Fire  and  Marine  building,  St. 
Paul. 

HOWARD,    Seth    E. — Assistant    in    clinical    medicine,    1897-98. 

HOWELL,  Daniel  B.— Bom  July  1st,  1878,  Dousman,  "Wis.  Ph. 
B.,  University  of  Wisconsin.  Two  years  experience  as  principal 
of  a  graded  school.  Instructor  in  mathematics,  school  of  agri- 
culture,   1903    to    date.     St.    Anthony,    Park,    Minn. 

HUBBARD,  Lucius  F.,  St.  Paul — Regent  ex-oflficlo,  as  govern- 
or  of    the    state,    1881-87. 

HUFF,  Ned  L. — Born  September  21,  1876,  Pendleton  county,  Ky. 
Littlp  Falls  high  school,  1897;  B.  A.,  University,  1903;  M.  A.,  1906. 
Taug-ht  in  district  school,  1897-99;  science  in  Fergus  Falls  high 
school,  1903-0.5:  instructor  in  botany.  University,  1906  to  date. 
Assistant  on  botanical  aurvey  of  Minnesota,  1899-03.  3905  North 
Sixth    street. 

HUGGINS,  IVIajor  E.  L.— Born  in  1842,  his  parents  removing 
to  Nicollet  county,  Minnesota  the  same  year.  He  was  a  student 
at  Hamline  university,  and  afterward  located  at  Red  Wing.  He 
enlisted  in  1861  in  the  2d  Minnesota  Infantiy.  participating  in  the 
battles  and  campaigns  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  until  the 
battle  of  Chicam.auga,  in  September,  1863.  In  this  battle  he  was 
wounded  and  made  a  prisoner,  but  was  exchanged  the  fcllowing 
year.  Again  he  enlisted  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war  as 
a  first  lieutenant  m  the  1st  Minnesota  Heavy  Artillery.  In  Febru- 
ary. 1866,  Major  Huggins  was  appointed  as  second  lieutenant  in 
the  regular  army,  and  was  as.iigned  to  the  2d  Artillery  stationed 
on  the  Pacific  coast,  whore  he  served  at  various  posts  until  1871. 
He  was  then  ordered  to  the  Artillery  school  at  Fortress  Monroe, 
where  he  graduated  the  following  year,  and  in  1872  was  detailed 
for  duty  at  the  University  of  Minnesota,  where  he  remained  until 


I08  DICTIONARY   OF  THE 

1SV5,  when  he  was  ordered  back  to  his  regiment.  In  1879  he  was 
transferred  to  the  2d  Cavalry,  then  serving  in  Montana;  since 
then  lie  has  served  continuously  with  his  regiment,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  five  years,  during  which  time  he  performed  the  duty  of 
aiue-de-camp  to  Major  General  Miles.  On  January  13,  1897,  he 
wt!S  ]3romoted  to  the  rank  of  major  and  assigned  to  the  6th 
Regiment  of  Cavalry.  Major  Huggins  has  been  awarded  what  Is 
known  as  the  "Medal  of  Honor"  for  most  distinguished  gallantry 
in  action  against  Ogallala  Sioux  near  O" Fallow  Creek,  Montana, 
April    1,     1580. 

HUGHES,    Percy — Instructor    in    philosophy,    1904-06. 

HULL,  Blanche — Registrar's  otfice,  assistant,  since  1907.  B.  A., 
University,    1904.     1408   Seventh  street   southeast. 

HUMMEL,  John  A.— Born  June  12,  1875,  Cottage  Grove,  Minn. 
Hastings  high  school;  University  school  of  agi'iculture;  B.  Ag.,  '99. 
Assistant  chemist  and  instructor  in  agricultural  chemistry,  190O- 
07:  assistant  professor  of  agricultural  chemistry,  1907  to  date. 
Member  of  the  boaid  of  directors  of  the  General  alumni  associa- 
tion.    2143    ComTOonwealth    avenue,    St.    Anthony    Park,    Minn. 

HUNTER,  Charles  H.— Born  February  6,  1853,  Clinton,  Maine. 
Graduate  of  Bowdoin.  Professor  of  clinical  medicine,  1888  to 
date.  Author  of  many  medical  papers.  Member  of  the  State 
medical  society;  Academy  of  medicine;  American  medical  associa- 
tion,   etc.     519    First    avenue    south. 

HURD,  Anna  H. — Lecturer  (homeopathic)  on  diseases  of  the 
blood   and   ductless   glands,    1903    to   date.     Pillsbury   building. 

HURD,  Ethel  S. — ^Assistant  (homeopathic)  in  ophthalmology, 
1903-04;  lecturer  on  electro-therapeutics,  1904  to  date.  Pillsbury 
building. 

HUTCHINSON,  Henry. — Professor  of  theory  and  practice  of 
homeopathic)   medicine,   1888-94. 

HUTCHINSON,  John  Corrin— Born  May  11,  1849,  Kirk  Michael, 
Isle  of  Man,  Great  Britain.  Came  to  the  United  Stiates  in  1&67, 
with  his  mother  after  the  death  of  his  father.  Educated  at  Peel, 
Isle  of  Ma,n;  preparatory  department  of  the  University;  B.  A., 
1876;  tutor  in  Greek,  1873-76;  instructor  in  Greek  and  Latin  1876- 
78:  instructor  in  Greek  and  mathematics,  1879-82;  associate  pro- 
fe-^sor  of  Greek  and  mathematics,  1882-90;  professor  of  Greek 
language  and  literature  since  1891.  Member  of  the  American  phi- 
lological association;  National  educational  association;  Classical 
association  of  the  middle  west  and  south;  Psi  Upsilon;  Phi  Beta 
Kappa.     3806    Blaisdell   avenue. 

HYNES,  John  Eldon— Bom  July  25,  1878,  Winnebago,  Minn. 
Winneoago  high  school,  1898;  University,  Ph.  C,  1900i;  M.  Di, 
1904.  Interiie  St.  Luke's  hospital,  1904-05;  assistant  in  medicine, 
1905   to   date.     3349  University  avenue   southeast. 

INCOME — See   Finances. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


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no  DICTIONARY   OF   THE 

•State  appropriations.  **State  appropriations  to  replace  money 
taken  from  the  permanent  endowment  fund  repaid  at  rate  of 
$12,000  a  year  for  seven  years.  tDirect  appropriation  by  the 
national  government  for  agricultur.T,!  education,  ttlncome  from 
land  grantS)  by  the  national  government,  constituting  the  perma- 
nent endowment  of  the  University. 

The  state  has  approjiriated  $191,500,  sice  1895,  for  the  support 
of  the  sub -experiment  stations,  and  construction  of  buildings 
thereon. 

The  national  government  has  appropriated  directly,  $15,000 
annually,  (The  Hatch  bill)  beginning  with  1887,  for  the  support 
of  agricultural  experimental  work.  During  the  past  three  years 
the  national  government  has  appropriated  $5,000,  $7,000  and  $9,000, 
respectively    (the   Adams    bill)    for    the    same   general   purpose. 

The  state  has  appropriated  $3,731,215.77  for  the  support  of  the 
University.  It  has  appiopriated  $3,191,162.32  for  buildings,  equip- 
ment and  lands,  which  are  today  worth  more  than  they  cost  tho 
state.  The  balance  of  the  support  of  the  University  has  been  pro- 
vided by  the  United  States  government,  $l,80i3,934.31;  and  fees 
paid  by  students,  $1,895,563.82.  Making  up  the  total  cost  of  the 
University,   to  tho  end  of  the   college  year,   1908-09,   $10,921,876.22. 

IN  Memnriam — A  pamphlet  of  forty  pages  and  cover,  contain- 
ing the  addresses  made  on  commencement  day,  June  5,  1902,  in 
honor  of  John  S.  Pillsbury,   "Father  of  the  University." 

INSTITUTE  of  Public  Health  and  Pathology— The  newest  of 
anj  in  the  medical  quadrangle.  Completed  and  occupied  Febru- 
rary,  1907.  at  a  cost  of  $100,000  with  an  appropriation  of  $25,000 
for  the  University  and  $5,000  for  the  State  board  of  health  labora- 
tory equipment.  The  building  which  is  213  feet  over  all  and  100 
feet  deep  in  the  central  portion,  consists  of  a  central  main  por- 
itlon  60  by  3  00  feet,  with  north  and  south  wings  each  56  by  7© 
■feet.  In  the  siouth  wing  are  housed  the  State  board  of  healthi 
laboratories,  connected  with  the  adjoining  laboratory  of  animal 
research  of  the  Minnesota  state  board  of  health.  This  wing  con- 
tains a  suite  of  rooms  for  a  Pasteur  institute  in  which  the  spe- 
cial treatment  of  and  research  in  rabies  is  carried  on  by  the  State 
board  of  health.  Diagnosis  laboratories  are  provided  for  the 
bacteriological,  chemical  and  pathological  work  of  the  State  board 
of  health,  with  workshops  for  the  repair  and  construction  of  spe- 
cial apparatus  for  ah  of  the  work  carried  on  in  the  building.  Un- 
packing, shipping,  storage,  washing  and  media  rooms  are  also  pro- 
vided. The  wing  al?o  contains  reseai'ch  laboratories  for  the  pro- 
fessional members  of  the  staff,  together  with  vaults  for  records 
and   ofRces  for   the   clerical   staff. 

The  central  portion  qnd  north  wing  provide  for  teaching  and 
research  work  for  the  University  departments  of  pathology,  bac- 
teriology, and  public  health.  The  central  portion  of  the  building, 
100x60  feet,  is  three  stories  in  front  and  four  stories  in  the  rear, 
where  three  of  the  stories  are  devoted  to  museum  and  library 
purposes.  Here  special  booky  and  periodicals  are  provided  and 
Interesting  pathological  and  bacteriological  specimens  and  mate- 
rials, apparatus,  methods  of  construction  and  other  illustrative 
features  of  public  health  are  on  exhiliition.  On  the  first  floor  is 
a  preparation  room  for  the  museum  and  lecture  room,  beneath 
the  museum  and  adjacent  to  the  lecture  and  autopsy  room.  Six 
special  laboratories  and  oflices  are  provided  for  members  of  the 
staff.  The  remainder  of  the  central  portion  is  occupied  by  th>e 
lecture  nnd  autopsy  amphitheatre,  special  research  laboratories, 
photographiic  laboratories  and  a  cold  storage  plant. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNEJSOTA.  Ill 

In  the  north  wing  the  main  teaching  laboratory  occupies  the 
full  floor  space  of  75  by  56  feet.  It  is  lighted  on  three  sides  and 
by  a  skylight  and  is  dividtd  by  low  partitions  into  twelve  loges, 
each  intended  for  the  use  of  a  group  of  students.  Each  loge  is 
fully  equipped  with  all  apparatus  and  supplies  which  the  students 
may  need  in  the  practical  work  of  pathology,  bacteriology  or 
public  health,  so  as  to  render  each  group  independent.  A  coat 
room  and  a  room  for  the  distribution  of  supplies  open  off  the 
main  laboratory.  Beneath  this  is  a  similar  students'  research 
lal-oratory  containing  six  loges  which  are  to  be  used  for  the  teach- 
InfT  of  such  special  courses  as  pathology  of  tumors,  neuro-pathol- 
Ogy,  practical  public  health,  laboratory  work,  etc.  Opening  off 
this  is  a  special  laboratory  tor  the  teacher  in  charge,  for  the 
issuing  of  supplies  and  also  a  coat  room.  Other  special  labora- 
tories, including  rooms  for  the  preparation  and  storage  of  media 
and  the  storage  of  stock  cultures  of  bacteria,  and  living  quarters 
for  the  janitor  are   also  in   this  wing. 

The  institute  of  Public  Health  and  Pathology,  equipment,  mu- 
seum   and    ;ibrary,    represent    approximately,    $200,000. 

INTER-SOCIETY  debates— The  action  of  the  federated  literary 
societies,  in  1S95,  looking  toward  better  provision  and  support 
for  intercollegiate  and  intersociety  debate,  resulted  in  the  forma- 
tioti  of  the  league  of  the  five  members  of  the  federated  societies, 
which  then  included  the  Forum,  Delta  Sigma,  Miner\-a,  Law  Lit- 
erary and  Shakopean.  In  1897.  the  Castalians  came  into  the 
league  and  Minerva  won  the  championship,  having  defeated  the 
Delta  Sigmas  and  Castalians.  In  189S,  Minerva  dropped  out  and 
Kent  came  into  the  league,  and  won  the  championship.  In  1899, 
Minerva  came  back  and  the  Hermean  was  also  admitted,  and  this 
year  the  S'lakopeans  and  Kents  proved  to  be  the  leaders.  In 
1900.  Blackstones  came  into  the  league  and  in  the  finals  the 
Shakopeans  won  from  the  P'orums  and  so  held  the  championship. 
In  1901,  the  same  teams  competed  as  in  190O  and  the  Forums 
lend  with  Minerva  a  close  second  in  the  finals.  In  1902,  the  Law 
Literary  society  fought  its  way  to  victorj^  in  the  finals,  defeat- 
ing the  Kents,  the  Minervas  and  Castalians.  In  1903,  by  the 
Shakopeans:  in  1904,  by  the  Shakopeans;  in  1905,  by  the  Forum; 
In  1906,  by  the  Forums:  in  1907,  by  the  Law  Litoraries.  In  this 
contest,    the  Minpr\-as   were   in   the   finals. 

IOWA- MINNESOTA  League,  The — Included  the  two  universi- 
ties named  and  for  many  years  held  an  annual  contest  in  del>ate. 
Dissolved  in  1906  upon  the  organization  of  the  Central  debating 
circuit  of  America. 

JACOBS  Cup,  The — This  cup  is  the  property  of  the  Mirmesota 
Jebating  a.<=^ociation  and  was  presented  to  it  by  S.  Jacobs  &  Com- 
pany, JeweU'rs.  to  be  awarded  to  the  winner  of  the  inter-society 
scries  of  debates  each  year.  It  is  provided  that  any  society 
•which  w'ns  this  cup.  three  times  in  succession,  shall  become  its 
permanent  owner.  Twice  has  it  been  won  two  years  in  succession, 
by  the  Shakopeans  in  1903-04.  and  by  the  Forums  in  1904-06. 
The  cup  was  first  won  by  the  Shakopeans  in  1900. 

JACKSON,  Anson  B. — Born  February  17.  1850,  Brooklyn,  N.  T. 
B.  A.,  Kobart.  '70:  Lli.  B.,  Columbia,  '73;  practicing  lawyer  In 
Minneapolis  since  1879.  Special  lecturer  on  conflict  of  laws,  col- 
lege of  law.  1907  to  date.  New  York  Life  building.  1623  Third 
avenue  south. 

JAGGARD,  Edwin  Ames — Born  June  21,  1859,  Alloona,  Pa. 
Prepared  for  college  at  .Stewart  and  Hollidaysburg,  Pa.;  A.  B., 
Dickinson,    Carlisle,    Pa.;    '79;   A.    M.,    Idem,    1882;   LL.    B.,    Unlver- 


/ 

OFFICE     s-rA-riorvjERY 

C  AT  AI_OC3U  ES 
BOOKUETS 

M  EtVJUS 

B A  MQU  EXS 

l=>ROC3RAMMES 

SOCIETV       S-rATlONERV 

\ 

/ 

\ 

(jncorrorated) 

Printing    anli    Publialiing 
14ni  HuiurrHttg  Awp.  ^.  IE.             JHimtrapnlia,  IHitttt. 

C9|i)JiiBitr  illain  iEntranrr  to  Univrraitg  OlampuB 

\ 

/ 

\ 

Gi.    R.    MARTI  N, 

PRESIDENT 

H.   W.   WILSON, 

VICE-PRESIDENT 

C.    1_.    SWAI  ISJ, 

SECRETARV 

E.    A.    MORRISSEY, 

TREASURER    AND    MANAGER 

/ 

UNIVERSITY  OP  MINNESOTA. 


113 


alty  of  Pennsylvania,  1S82;  LL..  D.,  idem,  1906;  1SS<3,  lecturer  on 
medical  jurisprudence,  St.  Paul  medical  college.  University  lec- 
turer on  taxation  and  torts,  1S91-95;  professor  of  torts  and  crimi- 
nal law,  1895-96;  lecturer  on  taxation  and  torts,  1896-97;  torts  and 
criminal  law.  1897-98;  professor  of  taxation  and  modern  phases 
of  law  of  torts.  1899-1900;  professor  of  torts,  1900-01;  professor  of 
taxation,  1901  to  date.  Justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Minne- 
sota, since  1905.  Author  of  Jaggard  on  Torts,  2  vols.;  Jaggard 
on  Taxation.  Minnesota  1  Vol.,  Iowa  1  Vol.;  An  article  in  Cyclo- 
pedia of  Law  and  Practice,  on  False  Imprisonment  and  Malicious 
Prosecution.     302   South   Exchange  street,   St.   Paul. 

JAMES,  George  Francis— Born  August  18,  1867,  Normal,  lU. 
tvanstcn.  111.,  public  schools;  Northwestern  university,  1882-85; 
[Michigan  university,  1S85-S7;  B.  A.,  ■86;  M.  A.,  '87:  Sorbonne, 
Palis.  1888-89;  University  of  Hahe,  1893-94;  Ph.  D.,  '94.  Taught 
In  Decatur,  111.,  high  school;  Peabody  normal  college,  Nashvile, 
Tenn.;  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  normal  college;  Lecturer,  Chicago  uni- 
versity. Professor  of  pedagogy,  1902-05;  professor  of  education 
and  dean,  1905  to  date.  Secretary  of  University  extension,  PTiil- 
adelpnia;  secretary  of  Educational  commission,  Chicago.  Editor 
of  John  A.  Logan,'  Memorial,  1899;  of  the  Proceedings  of  Univer- 
sity Extension  Congress,  Philadelphia,  1892;  of  Hancock  of  Uni- 
versity Extension,  Philadelphia,  1893;  of  Report  of  Chicago  Edu- 
cational Commission,  1899;  and  author  of  various  monographs. 
Member  of  Phi  Kappa  Psi;  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  308  Eighteenth  ave- 
nue southeast. 

JENKS,  Albert  Ernest— Born  November  28,  1869,  Michigan.  B. 
S.,  Kalamazoo,  1S96;  B.  S.  Chicago,  1897;  Ph.  D.,  Wisconsin,  1899. 
Special  lecturer,  University  of  Wisconsin,  on  Philippine  ethnology. 
1905;  assistant  professor  of  sociology,  1906-07;  professor  of  an- 
thropology. 1907  to  date.  Economic  editor  of  the  American  Thresh- 
erm.nn.  190C-01;  assistant  ethnologist  of  the  Bureau  of  American 
Ethnology,  1901;  ethnologist  of  same,  1902;  assistant  chief  of  the 
bureau  cf  non-Christian  tribes,  Philippine  Islands,  1902;  chief  of 
ethnological  survey  of  the  Philippines,  1903-05.  Author  of  the 
Childhood  of  Jishib,  the  Ojibwa;  Balonglong,  the  Igorot  Boy;  The 
Wild  Rice  Gatherers  of  the  Upper  Lakes;  The  Bontoc  Igorot. 
The  first  two  are  popular  children's  books,  the  third  and  fourth 
axe  scientific  books;  also  about  twenty  scientific  and  popular 
magazine  urticlos.  Honorary  fellow.  University  of  Wisconsin, 
1898-99;  chief  of  ethnological  department  of  Philippine  exposition, 
Ijouisiana   purchase   exposition,   St.    Louis,    Mo.,    190i4. 

JERREMS,  Alexander  N. — P'ootball  coach  season  of  1896.  Born 
in  Sidney,  Australia.  Star  football  player  in  the  Pottsdam,  Pa., 
high  school  and  on  Tale  teams  from  1893  to  1895,  playing  right 
half-back  and   in   his  senior  year  full  back. 

JETT,  C.  Coleman — Instructor  in  machine  design  and  draw- 
ing. 1900-02. 

JEWETT,  J.  Dudley — Instructor  in  the  administration  of  anaes- 
thetics, college  of  dentiPtry,  1890-92;  lecturer  of  anaesthesia,  1892- 
93:  al-so  chief  of  the  anaesthetic  clinic,  1893-95. 

JEWETT,  James  Richard — Born  in  West  Port,  Me.,  March  14, 
1862.  During  his  whole  boyhood  he  accompanied  his  father  on 
various  voyages  to  Cuba,  China  and  Japan.  He  fitted  for  college 
at  Mowry  and  Goff's  English  and  classical  school.  Providence,  R. 
I.  In  1S80  he  entered  Harvard,  pursuing  the  classical  course,  and 
upon  his  graduation  in  1884  he  was  granted  a  fellowship,  which 
he   held   three   years.     In   August,    1884,    he  went  to  Syria   to  con- 


114 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE 


tinue  the  study  of  his  favorite  language.  With  the  exception  of 
a  winter  at  Cairo  he  spent  three  years  in  Syria,  assisting  part  of 
Ihe  time  in  an  American  mission  school  at  Zahleh,  Mt.  Lebanon. 
During  the  college  year  of  1887-88  he  was  instructor  in  Semitic 
languages  at  Harvard.  At  the  close  of  the  college  year  in  June 
he  went  abroad  again  and  spent  about  six  months  in  Berlin  and 
Strassburg,  taking  the  degiee  of  Ph.  D.  at  the  latter  place  in 
1890.  Plis  dissertation,  entitled  ""Arabic  Proverbs  and  Proverbial 
Phrases,"  at  once  won  for  him  a  reputation  as  a  scholar.  Upon 
his  return  to  America  he  was  elected  professor  of  Semitic  lan- 
guages at  Brown  University,  Providence,  R.  I.,  which  position 
he  held  till  his  election  to  the  Weyerhaeuser  chair  of  .Semitic 
languages  and  history  in  the  University  of  Minnesota  in  1895. 
He  resigned  this  position  to  accept  a  professorship  in  Chicago 
University  m  1903.  M'ember  of  the  Everett  Athenceum  and  Har- 
vard  Signet. 

JEWETT,  W.  Fred — Assistant  in  technics  and  clinics,  college 
of    dentistry,    1895-96. 

JOHNSON,  Adolph  W. — ^Lecturer  on  (homeopathic)  pharmacy, 
1904  to  date. 

JOHNSON,  Charles  E.— B.  A.,  University,  1906.  Instructor  in 
animal   biology,    1907    to   date.     714    Sixteenth   avenue   southeast. 

JOHNSON,    Edward — Instructor    in    foundry   practice,    1902-06. 

JOHNSON,  E.  Bird— Born  Sugar  Grove,  Pa.,  November  24,  1865. 
Came  to  Minnesota  the  fo}iowing  year.  Lived  on  farm,  attend- 
ing district  school,  from  1872-83.  Entered  the  Mimieapolis  Acade- 
my in  fall  of  1883.  Entered  the  sub-freshman  class  of  the  Uni- 
versity a1  the  opening  of  the  second  term  of  the  same  year;  B.  S., 
1888;  deputy  registrar  until  August  1,  1889;  taught  in  city  night 
schools  for  two  years,  188S-91;  registrar  from  August  1,  1889  to 
'August  1,  1905.  Secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  H.  W.  Wilson 
company  from  July,  1904,  to  March,  1906.  Manager  of  thie  Index 
Press  from  fall  of  1905  to  April,  1906.  Was  elected  secretary  of 
the  General  alumni  association  in  March,  1906,  and  entered  upon 
his  dutir-s,  April  21,  of  the  same  year.  Established  the  Minnesota 
Alumni  Weekly  in  the  spring  of  1901,  and  was  its  editor,  publisher 
and  proprietor  until  he  turned  it  over  to  the  General  alumni  asso- 
)Ciation  when  he  becanie  its  secretary.  He  has  been  its  editor 
since  that  date  also.  "An  Optimistic  Equation  and  Other  Opti- 
mism," 1903;  eight  editions  of  the  Alumni  directory  and  several 
reports  upon  specific  matters  connected  with  the  University;  editor 
and   publisher  of  the   "University  Dictionary." 

JOHNSON,    Edward    C— Student    assistant    in    botany,    190«-a7. 

JOHNSON,  Frank  Amos— Registrar,  1884-89.  Bom  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, June  3,  18G1.  Removed  to  Minnesota  with  his  parents  in 
1866.  Entered  the  University  in  the  fall  of  1878.  After  three 
years  spent  at  the  University  he  left  the  University  to  teach 
and  study  shorthand.  He  re-entered  the  University  in  the  fall  of 
1883,  and  graduated  In  June,  1886.  Duiing  the  first  year  after  his 
return  to  the  University  he  acted  as  secretary  to  President  Fol- 
well,  and  upon  the  coming  of  President  Northrop,  he  continued 
as  his  secretary  and  was  appointed  registrar,  a  position  he  held 
until  1889;  pursued  work  In  college  of  law  for  a  few  months,  then 
passed  the  state  bar  examination  before  the  supreme  court,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice,  1888.  Soon  afterward,  Mr.  Johnson 
became  interested  in  typesetting  machines  and  has  given  himself 
to  this  work  since  the  fall  of  1888.     He  has  invented  and  patented 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


115 


nuiny  machines  and  mtmy  improvements.  Now  in  New  York 
City,  143  Liberty  street,  as  a  consulting-  engineer  and  patent  at- 
torney. 

JOHNSON,  John  A.— Born'  July  2S,  1861,  St.  Peter,  M'inn.  Edu- 
cated in  public  schools  of  St.  Peter,  Early  years  was  clerk  in  a 
drug  store;  became  part  owner  and  publisher  of  St  Peter  Herald 
m  1SS6  and  continued  in  the  business  till  igO'T.  Was  state  senator 
from  St.  Peter  district  and  has  been  twice  elected  governor  of 
Minnesota,  the  second  term  will  expire  January  7,  1909.  Served 
seven  years  in  M.  N.  G.,  retiring  with  rank  of  Captain.  Regent 
of   the    l'ni\ersity  ex-ofhcio.     Angus   Hotel,    St.    Paul. 

JOHNSON,  R.  W.,  MaJ.  Gen.,  U.  S.  A.— Professor  of  military 
science  and  tactics,  1869-71.  Member  of  the  first  University 
faculty. 

JOHNSTON,  George  H. — Instructor  in  psychology,  1903-05. 
Graduate  of  the  University,  class  of  1S97,  now  cashier  of  a  bank 
at  "Wales,    N.    D. 

JOHNSTON,  John  Black— Born  October  3,  18G8,  Belle  Center, 
Ohio.  Ph.  B.,  Michigan,  lc;93;  Ph.  D.,  same,  1899.  Marine  bio- 
logical laboratory,  summers  1896-1901;  zoological  station,  Naples, 
ar.d  University  of  Freiburg,  Germany,  1904-0'5;  assistant  instruc- 
tor In  zoology,  Michiga,n,  1893-99;  assistant  professor  of  zoology, 
University  of  West  Virginia,  1899-1900;  professor,  same,  19CK)-07; 
assistant  professor  of  anatomy  of  the  nervous  system.  University, 
1907  to  date.  Author  of  The  Brain  of  Aeipenser;  The  Brain  of 
Petromyzon:  Das  Gehirn  and  die  Crainalnerven  der  Anamnier, 
1902;  The  Morphology  of  the  Vertebrate  Head;  The  Cranial  Nerves 
of  Petromyzon;  The  Nervous  System  of  Vertebrates;  A  Text 
Book  of  Comparative  Neurology;  and  numerous  lesser  papers. 
Member  of  the  American  society  of  zoologists;  American  natu- 
ralists; Association  of  American  anatomists;  Fellow  A.  A.  A.  S. 
12s  Beacon   street  southeast. 

JONES,  Albert  I.— Instructor  in  metal  working,  1888-90. 
JONES,  Frederick  Scheeta— Born  April  7,  1862,  Palmyra,  Mto. 
St.  Paul's  school.  Palmyra;  Shattuck  school,  Faribault;  B.  A., 
Yale,  18S4;  TJniversity  of  Berlin,  1S87-88;  Royal  polytechnic,  Ber- 
lin, 1887-88;  Swiss  polytechnic,  Zurich,  1888-89;  M.  A.,  Yale,  1892. 
Taught  at  Shattuck,  1884-85;  instructor  in  physics.  University, 
l'885-87;  professor  of  physics,  1889  to  date.  Elected  dean  of  the 
college  of  engineering,  June,  1902.  Author  of  short  articles  upon 
scientific  subjects;  lecture  notes;  commencement  addresses,  and 
reports  on  laboratory  tests  for  commercial  purposes.  Has  in  prep- 
aration a  text  on  physics  for  use  in  the  University  classes.  Pel- 
low  of  the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science* 
member  of  the  society  for  the  promotion  of  engineering  education; 
Phi  Beta  Kappa;  Sigma  Xi;  Psi  Upsllon;  and  Yale  Skull  and 
Bones.     712  Tenth  avenue  southeast. 

JONES,    H.   W. — Clinical   instructor  In  nervous  and  mental   dis- 
eases,  1905  to  dale.     2418  West  Twenty-second  street. 

JONES,    Harry    W. — Instructor    in   architecture,    1891-93. 

JONES,  William  Alexander — Born  May  24,  1859,  St.  Peter, 
Minn.  St.  Peter  high  school;  University  of  the  city  of  New 
York,  Medical  department,  1881;  Instructor  in  mental  and  nervous 
diseases,  1888  to  1890;  adjunct  professor  of  same,  1890-95;  clinical 
professor,  same.  1S95  to  date.  Assistant  physician  St.  Peter  state 
hospital  for  insane,  four  years;  member  of  the  board  of  trustees 
two  years;  member  of  state  board  of  health.     State  Hospitals  for 


Il6  DICTIONARY   OF   THE 

the  Insane.  Author  of  various  articles  in  medical  journals;  editor 
of  Minnesota  State  Medical  Journal  and  Northwestern  i^ancet. 
Attending  neurologist  to  City  hospital;  Chief  of  staff  of  North- 
western, St.  Mary's,  Asbury,  Norwegian,  .Swedish  hospitals.  513 
Piilsbury  building. 

JOSLIN,  John  Carlos — Born  April  25,  1876,  Richland  county, 
Wis.  Coinnion  schools  and  high  school.  Practical  butter  maker 
for  eight  years.  Won  many  high  scores  and  the  grand  prize  at 
the  World'.'.  Fair  at  St.  Liouis,  with  the  title  of  the  World's 
champion  butter  maker.  Creamery  inspector  with  the  State 
dairy  and  food  commission  for  three  years.  Assistant  in  cream- 
ery, dairy  school,  1905  to  date.  42-6  Nicollet  avenue,  M'ankato, 
Minn. 

JOURNAL  Club  in  Psychology,  The — Composed  of  upper  class- 
men and  graduate  students  who  have  completed  at  least  two 
courses  in  psychology  in  llie  University.  Its  purpose  is  to  keep 
its   members   in   touch  witii  periodical   literature  of   psychology. 

JUDSON,  Harry  Pratt — A  native  of  the  state  of  New  York. 
Prepared  for  college  at  Louisberg,  N.  Y.,  and  graduated  from 
WlUiams  in  1870  with  the  degree  of  B.  A.  For  fifteen  years  he 
was  connected  with  the  public  schools  of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  teaching 
principally  history  and  the  classics.  In  1883  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  M.  A.  from  his  alma  mater.  For  the  next  two  years  he 
was  principal  of  the  Troy  high  school.  In  the  fall  of  1885  Mr, 
Judson  was  called  to  the  chair  of  history  in  the  University.  Re- 
signed in  ISOl  to  accept  a  position  in  the  University  of  Chicago. 
Now  president  of  the  University  of  Chicago.  Author  of  many 
texts,  mainly  historical,  and  many  contributions  to  periodical 
literature. 

JUDSON,  Leulah  Jeannette — Born  at  Ltohbs  Ferry,  N.  Y.  B. 
A.,  University,  19U3;  M.  A...  Columbia,  1901.  In  charge  of  the  de- 
partment of  history  of  the  Western  college  for  women,  Oxford, 
Ohio,  1904-06.  Instructor  in  history.  University,  1906-07.  901 
Sixth  street   southeast. 

JUERGENSEN,  Hans— Born  April  22,  1872,  Hadersleber,  Nor- 
way. Comnion  schools  of  Germany  and  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  high 
school  and  college;  six  years  in  Concordia  college,  Ft.  Wayne; 
three  years  in  divinity  course  of  Concordia  seminary,  (Lutheran) 
St.  Louis,  Mo.;  graduate  work  at  the  Universities  of  Leipzig,  one 
semester;  Munich,  one  semester;  Johns  Hopkins,  one  year;  work- 
ing in  Greek,  Latin  and  modern  languages.  Protessor  at  Con- 
cordia college,  St.  Paul,  nine  years,  teaching  at  various  times 
Greek,  Latin,  English,  German,  French,  history,  music.  Instruc- 
tor in  German,  University,  1904  to  1907;  assistant  professor,  1907 
to  date.  Joint  editor,  with  Professor  Schlenker,  of  Deutsche 
Gedichte,   1906.     1612   Eleventh  avenue   south. 

JUNIOR  Ball  Association — This  is  an  independent  organization 
of  each  junior  class  and  exists  for  the  sole  purpose  of  managing 
the  function  known  as  the  junior  ball,  which  usually  is  held  early 
in  February. 

KAPPA  ALPHA  THETA— Upsilon  chapter  established  in  1890. 
Founded  at  DePauw  university  in  1870.  220  Church  street  south- 
east. 

KAPPA  KAPPA  GAMMA— Chi  chapter  established  in  1880. 
Founded  at  Monmouth  college,  1870.     1318  Seventh  street  southeast. 

KAPPA  SIGMA — Beta  Mu  chapter  estahlished  in  1901.  Founded 
at  the  University  of  Virginia,  1867.     1107  Fourth  street  southeast. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


117 


KAVANAUGH,  William  Harrison— Born  August  19,  1873,  Wil- 
liamsport.  Pa.  Williamsport  high  school;  M.  E..  Lehigh,  1894; 
principa'  of  minors  and  mechanics  institute,  Freeland,  Pa.,  1894- 
95;  instructor  in  meclianical  engineering,  University  of  Illinois, 
1897-98;  inctructor  in  charge  of  experimental  engineering.  Uni- 
versity, 1901-02;  assistant  professor  of  mechanical  engineering  in 
charge  of  experimental  engineering,  1902-07;  professor  of  experi- 
mental engineering,  1907  to  da,te.  Had  experience  in  mercantile 
business,  Williamsport,  Pa.,  1895-97;  draftsman,  motive  ixjwer 
department,  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Co.,  1897-99;  chief  draftsman  of 
same,  1899-01.  Author  of  various  articles  for  the  engineering 
press.  Junior  member  of  the  American  society  of  mechanical 
engineers;  member  of  the  Society  for  the  promotion  of  engineer- 
ing educatif^n;  member  of  the  American  society  for  testing  ma- 
terials;  Tau  Beta  Pi;  Sigma  Xi.     118  State  street  southeast. 

KELLER,  Frank  H.— Instructor  in  chemistry,  1899-1900.  Gradu- 
at'^  of  the  University,  1S9S.  Now  metallurgist  for  the  Utah  con- 
solidated smelter  company,  Murray,  Utah.     Sigma  Xi. 

KELLEY,  William  Lcuis — ^Special  lecturer,  college  of  law,  1903- 
'07.   Judgi-  of  the  district  court  of  Ramsey  county. 

KELLOGG,  Frank  B. — Lecturer  on  equity  jurisprudence  and 
procedure,  1889-94.  From  1904  to  date,  special  lecturer  in  the  col- 
lege of  law.  General  counsel  for  the  Chicago,  Great  Western 
Ry.  Co. 

KENNEDY,   Jane— Medical  examiner  for  women,  1900-04. 

KENT  Literary  Society,  The — A  law  literary  society  whose 
membership  is  limited  to  thirty.  Established  in .  Accomplish- 
ments essential  to  the  successful  attorney  are  given  special  atten- 
tion in  the  programs  of  this  organization.  To  train  skillful  de- 
baters, poli.'jhed  orators,  and  well-rounded  literary  persons  capable 
of  expressing  thenoselves  with  ease  and  force,  aj-e  its  main 
objects. 

KERR,   Charles   D.^Lecturer  on  law  of  partnership,   1888-90. 

KESSON,  Floy — Instructor  m  music,  school  of  agriculture,  1904 
to  date. 

KEYES,    A.    D. — Lecturer  on  Minnesota   practice,    1894-1900. 

KEYES,  Charles  F. — Instructor  in  langriage,  music,  school  of 
agriculture,  1898-99;  registrar  and  instructor  in  reading  and  his- 
tory, 1899-00;  registrar,  geography  and  history,  1900-03.  Practic- 
ing lawyer.  902  New  Yoi'k  Life  building.  Treasurer  of  the  Gen- 
eral alumni   association. 

KEYS  Makhlout — This  was  the  junior  annual  of  the  class  of 
1885.  This  was  the  first  junior  annual,  but  does  not  belong  to  the 
series  of  Gophers  which  began  publication  in  1888.  This  was  a 
paper  covered  book  of  130  pages  and  followed  somewhat  along 
the  line  of  the  earlier  Gophers. 

KIEHLE,  Fred  A. — Instructor  in  medical  Latin,  1898-02.  Now 
practicing    medicine    in    Portland,    Oregon. 

KIEHLE,  David  L.,  Preston — Regent  ex-offlcio,  state  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction,  1883-91.  Secretary  of  the  board  for 
many  year.':.  Lecturer  on  pedagOgj-,  1891-92,  1892-93;  professor  of 
pedagogy.  1S93-1902.  Of  German  ancestry,  born  in  Dansville,  N.  Y. 
in  1837.  Graduated  from  the  State  normal  school  at  Albany,  N. 
Y.,  in  1856,  and  from  Hamilton  in  18G1,  from  which  he  received 
the  degrees  of  A.  M.  in  18G4,  and  LL.  D.  in  1891.  In  18G5  he  was 
graduated  from  Union  theological  seminary.  New  \orK,  and  or- 
damed    in    the    Presbyterian    church.      Came    to    Minnesota    same 


Il8  DICTIONARY   OF   THE 

year  and  organized  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Preston,  where 
he  remained  until  1875  and  to  which  he  returned  in  190'2.  Was 
county  superintendent  of  schools  six  years;  a  member  of  the  state 
normal  board  five  years.  In  1875  he  was  elected  principal  of  th© 
state  normal  school  at  St.  Cloud,  remaining  in  that  position  until 
his  appointment,  by  Governor  Pillsbury,  as  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  in  1881,  and  to  which  he  was  reappointed  six 
.successive    terms,    resigning    September    1,    1893. 

During  these  twelve  years,  in  which  he  was  also  ex-offlcio  a 
regent  of  the  University,  he  was  active  and  influential  in  secur- 
ing a  generous  expansion,  and  a  more  perfect  organization  and 
articulation  of  the  several  departments  of  our  public  school  sys- 
tem. Institutes  and  teachers'  summer  training  schools  were  pro- 
vided for  ail  counties  of  the  state;  the  state  one-mill  tax  for  the 
support  of  common  schools  was  established;  the  system  of  state 
high  schools  was  organized,  and  by  an  original  plan  proposed  and 
supported  by  him,  there  was  established  and  developed  by  the 
regents  of  the  University  the  School  of  agi-iculture,  which  has 
finally  solved  the  problem  of  agricultural  education  to  the  satis- 
faction of  all   concerned. 

KIEHLE,  Louise  G. — Instructor  in  physical  culture,  in  charge 
of  the  department,  1892-1900. 

KIENHOLZ,  William  S.,  '04— Baseball  coach  for  the  season  of 
1907.  Mr.  Tvienholz  has  been  in  charge  of  athletics  at  a  number 
of  institutions  and  has  always  turned  out  winning  teams  both 
In   football   and   baseball. 

KILBOURNE,  Stanley  S. — In  charge  of  the  Bishop  Gilbert  so- 
ciety as  student  pastor,  1907  to  date. 

KIMBALL,  William  M.,  Minneapolis — Regent  February  4th, 
1860-M'arch    4th,    1864. 

KING,    Roy    S. — Instructor    in    mechanical    engineering,    1903-'0'5. 

KIRCH  NER,  William  H.— Born  at  Templeton,  Mass.  The 
Templeton  high  school;  graduated  at  the  Worcester  polytechnic 
institute,  1887,  having  completed  the  course  in  drawing  and  de- 
sign; From  18S8-89  he  was  an  instructor  in  drawing  and  design 
at  the  Rose  polytechnic  institute,  Terre  Haute,  Indiana.  In  1889 
he  was  promoted  to  the  Junior  polytechnic  institute  library.  He 
remained  at  Rose  nearly  six  years,  and  came  to  the  University 
of  Minnesota  January,  1894,  first  as  instructor  in  drawing,  later 
as  assistant  professor, in  charge  of  the  department,  which  position 
he   has  held  to  date. 

KLAEBER,  Frederick  J.— Bom  October  1,  1863,  Beetzendorf, 
Germany.  Konigliche  Landesschuie  Pforta;  Universities  of  Leip- 
zig; Halle;  Kiel;  and  Berlin;  Ph.  D.,  Berlin,  1892.  Instructor  in 
Old  and  Middle  English,  University,  1893-96;  assistant  professor 
of  Fnglish  philology,  1896-98;  professor  of  comparative  and  Eng- 
lish philology,  1898  to  date.  Author  of  Das  Bild  bei  Chau- 
cer; Old  English  Historical  Prose  Texts;  Zur  Alt-Englishchen  Be- 
daubersetzung;  Studies  in  Textual  Interpretation  of  Beowulf;  Beo- 
wulf Notes;  Zur  Altenglischen  Bedentungslehre;  Notes  on  Old 
English  Prose  Texts;  becide  numerous  other  articles  and  reviews 
In  the  leading  philological  journals  of  the  world.  Dr.  Klaeber  is 
considered  one  of  the  leadmg  authorities  of  the  world  upon  Old 
English.     616    Ninth   avenue    southeast. 

KNAPP,  Miland  Austin — Instructor  in  dental  technics,  1891-92; 
clinical   instructor  in   orthodontia,   1892-93, 


UNIVERSITY    OF  MINNESOTA.  ng 

KOCH,  Margaret, — Assistant  (homeopathic)  in  paedolo&y,  1903 
to  date.  Member  state  board  of  medical  examiners.  Masonic 
Temple. 

KOERNER,  Arthur  C. — Instructor  in  music,  school  of  agricul- 
ture,  1S99-04. 

KOLLINER,  Robert  S.— Lecturer  on  sales,  1897-98;  professor  ot 
personal  property,  189S  to  date.  Practicing  lawyer.  New  York 
Life  buildins. 

KOMENSKY— An  organization  of  University  men  of  Bohemian 
descent,  for  mutual  helpfulness  and  sociability.  It  is  primarily  a 
literary  club  whose  object  is  to  meet  for  the  study  of  the  Bohem- 
ian language,  literature  and  history.  At  the  meetings  of  the  club 
all  conversation  Is  carried  on  in  Bohemian.  Established  in  the 
spring  of  1907  as  No.  10  of  the  national  organization  of  Komensky. 

KOON,  M.  B.— Special  lecturer,  college  of  law,  1902-06.  Prac- 
ticing lawyer  of  this  city. 

KOVARIK,  Alois  F.— Born  March  8th,  1880,  Spillville,  la.  Pri- 
vate and  public  schools  of  Spillville;  Decorah  institute,  Decorah, 
la.;  Univerr,ity..  1904.  Taught  at  Decorah  institute,  four  years;  as- 
sistant m  physics,  1902-04;  instructor  in  physics,  1904  to  date. 
Author  of  Decorah  Ice  Cave  and  its  Etxplanation,  Sci.  Am.  Sup., 
1S98.     Sigma  Xi;    Phi   Beta   Kappa.    1523   Seventh   street  southeast. 

KREMER,  Frederick  B. — Clinical  instructor  in  prosthetic  den- 
tistry. 1892-93;  also  crown  and  bridge  work,  1893-95;  Piofessor  of 
prosthetic  dentistry  and  crown  and  bridge  work,  1895-96.  Bom 
Biddleburg,  Pa.,  1861,  Graduate  at  University  of  Iowa.  Came  to 
Minnesota   in   1SS2. 

KUNZE,  William  F.— Assistant  in  chemistry,  1895-96.  Super- 
intendent of  schools  at  Hastings  and  Lake  City,  1906.  Graduate  of 
University  class  of  1897.  Co-editor  with  Professor  C.  W.  Hall,  of 
a  text  book  on  physical  geograpiiy. 

LABORATORY  OF  ANIMAL  RESEARCH,  built  by  the  state 
foj  the  Minnesota  state  board  of  health  in  the  investigation  of  in- 
fejtious  diseases  of  animals  and  for  the  proper  care  of  experi- 
mental animals.  It  is  built  on  the  University  campus,  next  to  the 
laboratories  of  the  Minnesota  state  board  of  health,  located  in  one 
of  the  University  buildings,  the  Institute  of  public  health  and  pa- 
thology. It  was  erected  in  1902  at  a  cost  of  approximately  JS.OOO 
completed  and  contains  a  crematory  for  the  waste  of  the  labora- 
tories with  which  it  is  associated.  It  is  two  stories  in  height, 
constructed  of  dark  colored  pressed  brick  and  it  is  expected  that 
it  will  be  connected  with  the  Institute  of  public  health  and  pathol- 
ogy by  an   underground   tunnel. 

LABORATORY  OF  ANATOMY  is  a  two-story  and  basement 
building,  35  x  60  feet.  In  the  basement  are  the  morgue,  injecting 
room,  cold  storage  vaults,  and  engine  and  apparatus  for  the  car- 
bon dioxide  freezing  plant.  On  the  first  floor  there  is  an  amphi- 
theatre seating  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  students,  the  pri- 
vate offices  of  the  professors  and  instructo'-s,  a  private  dissecting 
room  and  a  small  laboratory  for  research  work.  The  entire  sec- 
ond floor  is  devote<J  to  laboratories  for  practical  work  in  anatomy. 
Erected  in  1900  at  a  cost  of  $15,000.  Two  fires  have  caused  a 
thorough  ovor-hauling  of  this  building  when  repairs  were  being 
made.  Building,  museum  and  equipment  probably  represent  up- 
ward of  Ji.l.OOO. 

LABORATORY  OF  MEDICAL  CHEMISTRY  is  a  one-story 
bricU  building,   devoted  entirely  to  the   use  of  this   department.     It 


120  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

is  equipped  with  amphitheatre,  laboratories,  preparation  rooms, 
store  rooms,  and  private  offices  of  the  professors  and  assistants. 
Erected  in  1893  at  a  cost  of  $7,500.  The  money  for  this  buildlngr 
came  out  of  the  current  expense.  Tlie  building  was  enlarged  and 
remodeled  in  1902  at  a  cost  of  $3,000.  With  its  contents  and  equip- 
ment,   it   probably  represents   $15,000. 

LACY,  Charles  Y. — Assistant  professor,  in  charge  of  the  theory 
and  practice  of  agriculture,  1874-78;  professor  theorv  and  practice 
of  agriculture,    1878-80. 

LADD,  Mrs.  Jessie— Matron  of  Alice  Shevlin  HaJl  since  Novem- 
ber 1906. 

LADD,    Sumner— Lecturer    on    laws   of   taxation,    1888-89. 

LAING,  RICHARD  W.— Assistant  professor,  in  charge  of  his- 
tory and  elocution,  1874-76,  Professor  of  history  and  elocution, 
1875-76,  professor  of  history,  1876-77,  professor  of  history  and  in 
charge   of   French,   1877-79. 

LAMPHREY,  Morris,  St.  Paul— Appointed  regent  1874,  re-ap- 
pointed 1877,  died  April  9th,  1879. 

LANCASTER,  William  A.— Born  December  29th,  1859,  Detroit, 
Me.  Admitted  to  bar,  Maine,  1881;  practiced  in  Minneapolis  since 
1887.  Special  lecturer  on  obhgation  of  contracts,  college  of  law, 
1907  to  date.     New  York  Life  building.     3145  Second  avenue  south. 

LANDO,  David — Assistant  in  medicine,  1900-04;  clinical  in- 
structor in  medicine  1904  to  date.       Moore  building,  St.  Paul. 

LATON,  W.  S. — Professor  of  diseases  of  the  nose  and  throat, 
1888-03.     Died   1907. 

LAW,  Arthur  Ayer.  Born  April  16,  1872,  Harvard,  111.  Public 
schools  of  St.  Paul;  Shattuck,  Faribault  school;  M.  D.,  University, 
1894;  graduate  work  at  the  Polyclinic  of  Philadelphia,  and  the 
Post  graduate  school,  New  York  City.  Captain  and  assistant  sur- 
geon 13th  Minnesota  U.  S.  volunteers,  in  Philippines;  studied  med- 
ical and  surgical  questions  in  the  hospitals  of  China  and  Japan. 
First  assistant  in  operative  surgery  1896  to  1904;  instructor  in  op- 
erative surgery,  1904  to  date.  Correspondent  of  Minneapolis  Jour- 
nal during  War  with  Spain  and  the  Philippine  Insurrection.  Con- 
tributor, upon  various  medical  and  surgical  subjects,  to  various 
medical    Journals.     1912    Hennepin    avenue.     313    Pillsbury    building. 

LAW  BUILDING— Completed  in  1889  at  a  cost  of  $30,000.  It  is 
built  of  red  brick  with  red  sandstone  trimmings  and  has  a  frontage 
of  eighty  feec,  with  a  floor  space  of  nineteen  thousand  square  feet. 
It  contains  the  ofTiee  of  the  dean,  the  library,  a  large  lecture  rooni 
and  several  smaller  recitation  and  lecture  rooms.  An  addition  to 
this  building  was  erected  in  1904  at  a  cost  of  $28,000,  which  about 
doubled    the    capacity   of    the    building. 

The  re-constructed  building  provides  for  the  housing  of  all  tne 
work  of  the  college  of  law.  The  entire  upper  floor  story  is  devoted 
to  libraries  and  reading  roo'ms,  except  that  portion  reserved  for 
judges'  chambers,  a  court  room,  clerk's  offlce  and  jury  room,  and 
ofTice  of  the  dean.  The  new  library  room,  provided  in  the  ad- 
dition is  81  X  42  feet  and  is  a  model  of  completeness  and  conven- 
ience. The  first  floor  provides  a  large  auditorium,  the  lecture 
rooms  and  private  offices  for  the  professors  of  the  college.  In  the 
ibasement  of  the  addition,  which  is  high,  rooms  are  provided  for 
the  literary  societies  connected  with  the  department.  As  now 
constructed  and  re-arranged,  the  building  provides  all  of  the  con- 
veniences of  a  modern  court  house  for  the  practice  department. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNEISOTA.  121 

LAW,  THE  COLLEGE  ©F.-^This  college  was  provided  for  In 
charter  of  the  University  but  it  was  not  organized  until  1888.  The 
first  classes  in  this  college  were  organized  and  the  work  of  In- 
struction begun  in  September  of  the  same  year.  The  formal  open- 
ing lecture,  upon,  "The  Science  of  Jurisprudence,"  was  delivered 
by  Dean  Pattee,  September  11,  1888.  There  were  27  students  pres- 
ent the  first  day.  During  the  first  year  of  its  existence  the  col- 
lege was  housed  In  the  old  Herman  room,  in  the  basement  of  the 
Old  Maio.  The  new  building  was  erected  in  the  summer  and  oc- 
cupied in  October  of  1889.  The  course  was  a  two-year  course  with 
an  evening  course  of  three  years,  until  the  year  1894-95,  when  It 
was  made  three  years  for  both  the  day  and  evening  courses.  Dur- 
ing the  year,  1904-05  a  large  addition  was  built  to  the  old  building 
to  provide  for  the  growing  needs  of  the  college. 

The  method  of  instructon  followed  is  a  combination  of  the  case 
book  method,  ard  the  text  book  method,  the  object  of  the  course 
being  not  only  to  train  but  to  inform.  To  facilitate  the  work  of 
the  student  free  case  books  are  placed  in  his  hands  and  he  is  re- 
quired to  analyze  these  cases  and  make  written  reports  on  the 
same.  In  addition,  the  student  is  insured  a  systematic  and  orderly 
arrangement  of  the  subject  bemg  studied,  by  means  of  oral  and 
printed  lectures,   or  well  written   text   books   upon   the   subject. 

This  college  has  offered  night  courses  since  its  organization, 
being  the  only  college  of  the  University  to  make  such  provision,  for 
students  who  cannot  attend  in  the  day  time.  Graduates  of  the 
college  are  admitted  to  the  bar  upon  the  presentation  of  their 
diplomas  and  are  exempt  from  the  usual  fee  for  registering  as  an 
attorney.  Graduate  work,  leading  to  the  degrees  master  of  laws 
and  doctor  of  civil  laws  is  also  offered.  The  degree  granted  upon 
the  completion  of  the  regular  three-year  course  is  bachelor  of 
laws.  Moot  courts  are  maintained  for  the  purpose  of  giving  ac- 
tual pr'\ctice.  William  S.  Pattee,  LL.D.,  is  dean,  having  served 
In  this  capacity  since  the  organization  of  the  college  in  1888.  The 
faculty  numbers  ten  members  and  a  considerable  number  of  lec- 
turers, attorneys  engaged  in  active  practice,  something  like  fifteen 
are  employed  to  lecture  upon  their  specialties.  Special  students 
who  desire  to  pursue  courses  calculated  to  give  them  a  business 
training  and  who  are  not  candidates  for  a  degree,  are  admitted 
upon  demonstration  of  ability  to  do  with  credit  the  work  applied 
for.  In  1907  the  night  course  was  made  a  four  year  course,  with 
the  provision  that  the  course  may  be  completed  in  three  years  by 
students  who  can  arrange  to  complete  the  subjects  set  for  the 
fourth  year,  with  the  day  classes.  Tuition,  for  undergraduates, 
$10,  matriculation,  and  $60  a  year  tuition;  for  gi-aduate  students, 
$30  a  year  and  a  diploma  fee  of  $10.  This  college  has  granted, 
including   the   class  of  1907,   1674   degrees. 

Recent  action  of  the  faculty,  approved  by  the  board  of  regents, 
provides  that  on  and  after  September  1909,  all  students  entering 
this  college  as  candidates  for  degrees  shall  have  had  one  full  year 
of  college  work  in  addition  to  a  full  high  school  course.  Here- 
after students  are  to  be  classed  as  professional  or  non-professional 
according  as  they  are  or  are  not  candidates  for  a  degree. 

LAW  LIBRARY — This  librnry  contains  nearly  all  the  English 
reports.  Including  those  of  Canada,  from  the  earliest  decisions 
down  to  the  year  1900;  nearly  all  reports  of  the  different  states 
of  *he  Union;  all  the  reports  of  the  United  States  Supremo  ^'oui% 
and  all  the  Federal  Court  reports.  It  contains  also  the  digests  of 
these  reports  and  an  excellent  selection  of  standard  text-books  and 
law  dictionaries. 


122  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

LAW  LITERARY  SOCIETY,  THE— Organized  during  the  first 
year   of   the   existence   of   the  college   of   law. 

LAWS  RELATING  TO  THE  UNIVERSITY— A  book  of  132  pa- 
ges compiled  under  direction  of  Regent  John  S.  Pillsbury  and 
printed  at  his  expense  June  1S92.  Includes  all  laws  passed  by  the 
legislature,    relating  to   the  University,    up   to-  that   date. 

LAWS  OF  MINNESOTA,  relating  to  the  University  of  Minne- 
sota. Comprising  the  Revised  Laws  of  1906  and  all  subsequent 
laws  and  amendments,  together  witli  annotations  of  decisions  of 
the  Supreme  Court  and  opinions  of  the  Attorney  General.  Com- 
piled and  annotated  under  the  direction  of  John  W.  Olsen,  State 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  By  W.  H.  Williams,  of  the 
St    Paul   Bar. 

299.  Board  of  regents — The  government  and  general  educa- 
tional management  of  the  .^tate  university  is  vested  in  a  board  of 
twelve  regents,  consisting  of  the  governor,  the  state  superintend- 
ent, the  president  of  the  university,  ex-ofiicio,  and  nine  other  re- 
gents appointed  by  the  governor  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  senate.  Such  board  shall  be  a  body  corporate  under 
the  name  of  the  University  of  Minnesota.  It  shall  have  a  common 
seal  and  alter  the  same  at  pleasure  (3904-390'5).  The  appointed 
members  of  the  Ijoard,  each  to  serve  until  the  first  Wednesday 
In  March  of  the  year  set  opposite  their  names  respectively  shall 
be  as  follows:  James  T.  Wym.an,  1908,;  S.  G.  Comstock,  1908,; 
A.  E.  Rjc(?,  1909,;  Thomas  Wilson,  1909,;  D.  R.  Noyes,;  1910,;  E. 
W.  Randall,;  1910,;  Benjamin  F.  Nelson,  1910,;  Sidney  M.  Owen, 
]913,  William  Mayo,  1913. 

From  and  after  the  expiration  of  the  terms  of  the  aforesaid 
appointed  members,  no  appointed  member  of  the  board  shall  dur- 
ing the  term  for  which  he  is  appointed,  hold  any  other  office, 
elective  or  appointive,  under  the  Sta.te  of  Minnesota,  (1470,  as 
amended  by  Chap.   105,   1907> 

The  board  of  regents  of  the  University  cannot  make  promissory 
notes  in  the  commercial  sense,  but  may  make  contracts  for  erect- 
ing buildings  and  give  written  evidence  of  debt  incurred  therein, 
paj^able  at  a  futuie  day,  out  of  the  fund  provided  by  the  legisla- 
ture; and  judgments  may  be  brought  against  the  board  for  such 
debts,  but  such  judgments  bind  only  the  fund  on  the  faith  of 
which  the  credit  was  given.  All  persons  dealing  with  the  regents 
must  take  notice  of  their  powers.  The  title  to  all  lands  reserved 
by  Congress  for  the  use  and  support  of  the  university,  and  of  all 
property,  real  and  personal,  acquired  by  the  regents,  with  the  fund 
placed  at  their  disposal,   is  in   the  state. — 7  M.   61   (Gil.  45). 

300.  Board  of  control  divested  of  authority— Upon  and  after 
August  first  (1st),  nineteen  hundred  five  (1905),  the  board  of  con- 
trol of  this  state  shall  be  and  is  hereby  divested  of  all  authority, 
jurisdiction  and  control  over  the  state  university  and  the  state 
normal  schools  of  the  State  of  Minnesota,  except  as  hereinafter 
stated. 

The  state  university  on  and  after  said  date  shall  be  under 
the  management,  jurisdiction  and  control  of  the  board  of  regents 
of  the  state  university,  and  the  state  normal  schools  on  and  after 
said  date,  shall  be  under  the  management,  jurisdiction  and  con- 
trol of  the  state  normal  school  board;  and  the  said  board  of  re- 
gents and  said  normal  school  board  shall,  on  and  after  said  date, 
have  and  possess  all  of  the  powers,  jurisdiction  and  authority, 
and  shall  perform,  subject  to  the  restrictions  herein  contained,  all 
of  the  duties  by  them  possessed  and  performed  on  and  prior  to 
April  first  (1st),  nineteen  hundred  one  (1901),  except  as  herein^ 
after  stated.     (Chap.  119,  Sec.  1,  1905) 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  123 

301.     Board    of    regents — purchasing    agent — Upon    the    date    of 
assumption   by  the   board  of  regents  of  the   said   management  and 
control  of  the  said   university,  the  president  of  the  said  board  of 
regents    by   and    with    the    consent    and   approval    of    the    members 
of  said  board,  shall  appoint  a  purchasing  agent,  whose  duties  shall 
be  as  herein  provided  for,  and  whose  compensation  shall  be  fixed  by 
the   said   board    of  regeits    and  paid  out  of  the  funds  provided  for  the 
maintenance   of   said   university.     The   said   purchasmg   agent   shall 
attend  to   th^  purchasing  of  all   necessary   supplies  for  the  several 
departments  of  the  university.     Previous  to  the  termination  of  each 
quarterly  period  of  the  year  the  dean  or  other  executive  head  of 
ea-ch  of  the  several   departments  of  the  state  university  shall  pre- 
pare estimates  in  detail  of  all  the  supplies  required  for  such  depart- 
ment for   the   ensuing  quarterly   period.     Prior   to   the    opening    of 
such   quarterly   period   such   estimate  shall     be     submitted     by    the 
said  dean   or  other  executive  head  of  each  of  said  departments  to 
the  executive   committee   of  said  board  of  regents,   which   estimate 
so  submitted  shall  be  carefully  examined  and,  if  necessary,  revised 
by    said    executive    committee.     Upon    the    approval    of    such    esti- 
mate by  such  executive  committee  the   same  shall  be  prepared  in 
triplicate,   and  one  of  said  estimates  shall  be  retained  by  the  said 
(board   of  regents,    and   one  thereof   shall   be   delivered   to   and   filed 
with  said  purchasing  agent  and  one  thereof  shall  be  delivered  and 
filed  with   the  state  auditor  of  this  state.     Such   estimates  bearing 
such   approval   shall   govern   and   control   said   purchasing   agent   in 
the  purchasing  of  supplies  for  the  se\eral  departments  of  the  state 
university.     No    disbursements    for    such    purposes    shall    be    made 
except  on  the  w.-a.rrant  or  requisition  of  said  purchasing  agent.     The 
said  purchasing  agent  shall  give  bond  in  such  sum  as    said    board 
of  resrents  shall   require  for  the  faithful   and   diligent  performance 
of  his' duties.     (Chap.  11.9,  Sec.  2,  1905) 

302.  This  section  relates  to  purchasing  agents  for  normal 
schools. 

303.  Each  purchasing  agent  shall  at  the  close  of  each  month 
prepare  in  triplicate  statements  showing  all  purchases  made  by 
Mm  during  said  month  for  the  several  institutions,  the  names  and 
addresses  of  persons  fiom  whom  said  purchases  were  made  and 
the  several  prices  paid  therefor.  He  shall  accompany  the  same 
with  an  affidavit  that  the  statement  is  correct,  that  the  articles 
therein  specified  were  duly  authorized  by  the  proper  board  up- 
on prepared  statements,  and  estimates  were  received  under  his  di- 
rection at  the  institution  named  therein,  that  the  several  prices 
paid  therefor  were  reasonable,  that  said  goods  were  of  proper  and 
stipulated  quality  and  grade,  and  that  neither  he  nor  any  person 
in  his  behalf  has  any  pecuniary  or  other  interest  in  said  purchas- 
es, or  has  received  or  will  receive  in  any  way  any  pecuniary  or 
other  benefit  therefrom. 

He  shall  also  each  month  prepare  in  triplicate  and  cause  to  be 
receipted  by  the  signatures  of  the  several  parties  named  therein, 
pa>Tolls  showing  the  monthly  salaries  and  compensation  of  all  of- 
ficers, teachers  and  employes  in  said  several  institutions,  and  shall 
file  one  copy  of  said  statement  and  said  payroll  with  the  president 
of  the  hoard  of  regents  or  president  of  the  normal  school  board, 
as  the  case  may  be,  and  two  copies  with  the  state  auditor.  The 
auditor  upon  receiving  the  same  shall  draw  his  warrant  upon  the 
Btate  treasurer  for  the  amount  called  for  in  each  expense  list  and 
pajToll,  and  transmit  the  same  to  the  treasurer,  attaching  thereto 
a  copy  of  said  expense  list  and  payroll.  Upon  receipt  of  the  same 
the  treasurer  shall  send  his  checks  to  the  several  persons  named 
therein  for  the  amount  of  their  respective  claims.  (Chap.  119,  Sec. 
3,   1905) 


124  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

304.  Limitation  of  expenses — ^No  member  of  the  board  of  re- 
gents or  of  the  normal  school  board,  and  no  person  in  the  employ 
of  either  board  shall  be  paid  for  any  expense  incurred,  unless  it 
shall  appear  that  said  expense  was  duly  authorized  by  the  execu- 
tive committee  or  the  president  of  the  board,  and  an  itemized, 
verified  account  of  the  same,  accompanied  by  sub-vouchers,  where 
said  sub- vouchers  aie  practicable,  is  furnished  by  the  claimant, 
and  filed  with  the  state  auditor  for  his  written  audit.  .Such  verifi- 
cation shall  state  that  said  expense  bill  is  just  and  correct  and  for 
money  actually  and  necessarily  paid  or  to  be  paid  for  the  purpos- 
es therein  stated.  If  said  expense  is  to  be  incurred  in  visiting-  an- 
other state,  then,  before  said  visit  is  authorized  or  undertaken, 
the  said  executive  committee  or  president  must  certify,  in  writing, 
the  purpose  of  said  visit,  the  necessity  existing  for  the  same,  and 
the  maximum  expense  to  be  incurred  therefor,  which  certificate 
must  be  presented  to  the  governor  of  the  state  for  his  approval. 
If  he  does  not  approve  the  same,  the  said  visit  shall  not  be  under- 
taken. If  the  above  provisions  are  ooimplied  with,  the  auditor 
shall  pay  such  expense  accousit  in  the  same  manner  as  monthly 
expenses  and  salaries  are  paid  under  the  provisions  of  this  act 
(Chap.  119,  Sec.  5,  1905) 

305.  Appropriation  not  to  be  exceeded— It  shall  be  unlawful  for 
the  board  of  regents  or  the  normal  school  board  to  permit  any  ex- 
penditures for  any  purpose  in  excess  of  the  amount  appropriated 
or  contemplated  by  law,  and  any  member  or  agent  of  either  of 
said  boards  violating  this  provision,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  one 
hundred  dollars  ($100)  or  more  than  one  thousand  dollars  ($1  000) 
or  be  imprisoned  in  the  county  jai!  for  not  less  than  six  (6) 
montlis,  or  by  both  fine  and  imprisonment.  (Cihiap.  119,  Sec.  6, 
1905) 

306.  Financial  authority  of  board  of  control— The  board  of  con- 
trol shall  have  and  exercise  full  authority  in  all  financial  matters 
of  the  several  institutions  named  in  this  act,  so  far  only  as  relates 
to  the  erection  and  construction  of  new  buildings,  the  purchasing 
of  fuel  and  the  placing  of  insurance  on  buildings  and  contents. 
When  new  buildings  are  to  be  erected  and  constructed  by  author- 
ity of  the  state,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  board  of  control  to 
cause  to  be  prepared  plans  and  specifications  for  the  same  but  In 
so  doing  it  shall  consult  with  the  local  boards  in  respect 'to  said 
plans  and  specifications,  and  shall  adopt  and  carry  out  so  far  as 
It  deems  practicable  their  requests  and  desires  in  the  matter 
(Chap.   119,   Sec.  7,  1905) 

The  board  of  regents  cannot  erect  a  dwelling  house  for  the  jan- 
itor on  the  univer.sity  grounds  by  the  use  of  funds  appropriated  for 
other  purposes,  nor  from  the  annual  expense  fund.— Young    p    3«9 

Under  Sec.  1887  R.  L.  and  Chap.  110,  Laws  of  1905,  the  board 
of  regents  may  construct  an  addition  to  a  building,  provided  they 
keep  inside  the  appropriation   therefor.' — Young,   p.   388. 

307.  Funds,  how  provided— The  board  of  regents  of  th«  state 
university  is  hereby  authorized  to  acquire  by  gift,  purchase  or 
condemnation,  such  lands,  together  with  the  buildings  thereon,  as 
It  may  deem  necessary,  for  campus,  and  to  erect  an  engineering 
building  and  laboratory  to  cost  not  to  exceed  two  hundred  and 
fifty  thousand  ($2r)0,000)  dollars,  and  thereafter  deal  with  the 
same  as  said  board  shall  determine  that  thie  needs  of  said  univer- 
sity miay  require.  To  provide  the  necessary  funds  therefor,  the 
state  auditor  is  authorized  and  directed  to  levy  and  collect  in  the 
same  manner  as  other  state  taxes,  for  the  year  1907  and  next  suc- 
ceeding  three    years,    the   sum    of   one     hundred     and     seventy-five 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


I2S 


thousand  ($175, aOd)  dollars  for  each  of  said  years,  and  a  tax  levy 
suflicient  to  produce  such  sum  shall  be  levied  each  year  on  all  of 
the  tajcable  proi)eily  of  the  state;  and  pending  the  levy  and  col- 
lection thereof  said  board  may,  if  it  seems  necessary  or  desirable, 
Issue  and  Oispose  of  its  certificates  of  indebtedness,  payable  with 
interest  thereon,  in  such  form  and  upon  such  terms  and  conditions 
as  it  may  determine,  in  an  amount  not  exceeding  the  amount  to 
be  raised  by  taxation  hereunder. 

The  buildings  herein  provided  for  shall  be  constructed  under 
the  supervision  of  the  board  of  control,  as  provided  in  chapter  119, 
section  7,  General  Laws  of  1005.     (Chap.   359,  1907) 

308.  Term  of  office — Vacancies — The  term  of  office  of  the  re- 
gents shall  be  six  years,  and  until  their  successors  qualify,  begin- 
ning on  the  first  Wednesday  in  M'arch  succeeding  their  appoint- 
ment. Any  appointment  to  fill  a  vacancy  shall  be  for  the  unex- 
pired  term.     (1471) 

309.  Officers — Meetings — Bonds — The  board  shall  elect  one  of 
its  members  as  president,  and  also  a  recording  secretary  and  trea- 
surer, neither  of  whom  may  be  a  regent,  and  in  its  discretion  it 
may  elect  a  vice  president.  They  shall  hold  office  during  the  plea- 
sure of  the  board.  The  annual  meeting  shall  be  held  on  the 
second  Tue.<5day  in  December.  Such  special  meetings  may  be 
held  as  the  board  may  direct.  Before  entering  upon  the  duties  of 
his  office,  the  president  .=ihall  file  with  the  secretary  of  state  a  bond 
to  the  state  in  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  and  the  treasurer 
a  bond  in  the  sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars,  both  to  be  approved 
by  the  governor,  conditioned  for  the  faithful  performance  of  the 
duties  of  their  respective  offices.     (1472) 

310.  Duties  of  board — The  board  shall  enact  by-laws  for  the 
educational  government  of  the  university,  and  shall  elect  proper 
professors,  including  a  professor  in  Scandinavian  language  and  lit- 
erature, teachers,  officers  and  employes,  and  fix  their  salaries  and 
terms  of  office,  determine  the  moral  and  educational  qualifications 
of  applicants  for  admission,  prescribe  text-books  and  authorities 
and  courses  of  study,  and,  in  their  discretion,  confer  such  degrees 
and  diplomas  as  are  usual  in  universities.  It  shall  have  supervi- 
sion and  control  of  the  agricultural  experiment  station,  and  of  the 
experimental  tree  station,  and,  with  the  advice  of  the  president 
and  secretary  of  the  state  horticultural  society,  shall  appoint  a  su- 
perintendent of  such  tree  station,  who  shall  report  to  the  board  as 
it  may  direct,  and  to  such  society  annually  in  person  at  its  winter 
meeting.      (1473) 

311.  Surveys  and  reports— It  shall  continue  until  csompleted  all 
surveys  and  statistics  as  now  provided  by  law,  and  make  annual  re- 
ports thereof  to  the  governor,  on  or  before  the  second  Tuesday  in 
December,  showing  the  progress  of  the  work,  with  necessary  and 
proper  maps,  drawings,  and  specifications,  and  shall  lay  the  same 
before  the  legislature.  Upon  the  completion  of  any  separate  por- 
tion of  such  surveys,  it  shall  prepare  a  final  report,  embodying  all 
importaiit  matters  relating  to  such  portion,  and  submit  the  same 
in  like  manner  and  upon  final  completion  of  any  survey,  shall  in 
like  maimer  make  a  final  report   thereof.     (1474). 

312.  Specimens — The  board  shall  cause  proper  collections, 
skillfully  prepared,  secured,  and  labeled,  of  all  specimens  discov- 
ered or  examined  in  such  surveys,  to  be  preserved  in  the  univer- 
sity, in  convenient  rooms,  and  in  charge  of  a  scientific  curator, 
for  public  inspection.  It  shall  also  prepare  duplicate  collections 
for  each  state  normal  school,  and  for  exchange  with  the  Smithson- 
ian institution  and  with  other  universities  and  scientific  institu- 
tions.     (147'5; 


126  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

313  Report  of  board — On  or  before  the  second  Tuesday  in  De- 
cember,  the  board  shall  make  an  annual  report  to  the  governor, 
sliowing-  in  detail  the  progress  and  condition  of  the  university  dur- 
ing the  preceding  university  year,  its  wants,  and  nature,  cost,  and 
result  of  all  improvements,  experiments  and  investigations,  the 
nuriLber  and  names  of  professors,  teachers,  and  students  in  each 
department,  the  amount  of  money  received  and  disbursed,  and 
such  other  matters,  including  industrial  and  economic  statistics, 
as  it  may  deern  important.  A  copy  of  such  report  shall  be  trans- 
mitted to  each  college  or  university  endowed  by  act  of  Congress, 
and  to  the  secretary  of  the  interior.     (1476) 

314.  Power  to  accept  bequests,  etc. — The  University  of  Minne- 
sota may  accept,  in  trust  or  otherwise,  any  gift,  gi-ant,  bequest,  or 
devise  for  educational  purposes,  and  may  hold,  manage,  invest, 
and  dispose  of  the  same,  and  the  proceeds  and  income  thereof,  in 
accordance  with  the  terms  and  conditions  of  sucn  gift,  grant,  be- 
quest, or  devise,  and  of  the  acceptance  thereof;  and  any  person 
or  persons  contributing  not  less  than  fifty  thousand  dollars  to  the 
university  may  endow  a  professorship  therein,  the  name  and  oto- 
ject  of  which  shall  be  determined  by  the  board.     (1477) 

315.  Gifts  to  University — The  University  of  Minnesota  may  ac- 
cept, in  trust  or  otherwise,  any  gift,  grant,  bequest  or  devise  for 
educational  purposes,  and  may  hold,  manage,  Invest  and  dispose 
of  the  same  ana  the  -proceeds  and  income  thereof,  in  accordance 
with  the  terms  and  conditions  of  such  gift,  grant,  bequest  or  de- 
vise, and  of  the  auceptance  thereof;  and  any  person  or  persons  con- 
tributing not  less  than  fifty  thousand  dollars  ($'50, 000)  to  the  uni- 
versity may  endow  a  professorship  therein,  the  name  and  object 
of  which  shall  be  determmed  by  the  board  of  regents.  (Chap.  187, 
Sec.   1,   1905) 

316.  Power  to  use;  eminent  domain — If  the  purposes  of  such 
gift,  grant,  devise  or  bequest  are  not  otherwise  limited  by  the  do- 
nor the  University  of  Minnesota  may  use  the  same  or  the  proceeds 
thereof  for  any  of  the  purposes  of  the  university,  and  may,  among 
other  things,  construct  buildings  and  acquire  land.  In  case  it  is 
desired  to  use  the  same  for  the  acquisition  of  land  the  power  of 
eminent  domain  may  be  exercised  either  in  accordance  with  sec- 
tions 40S'5  to  4091,  inclusive,  General  Statutes  1894,  or  chapter  41  of 
the  Revised  Laws  190-5.     (Chap.  187,   Sec.  2,  1905) 

317.  Funds  to  be  deposited  in  state  treasury — All  such  gifts, 
grants,  bequests,  and  devises,  and  the  proceeds  and  Income  there- 
from, and  all  securities  pertaining  thereto,  shall  be  deposited  in 
the  state  treasury  for  the  use  of  the  university,-  and  subject  to  its 
order.     (1478) 

318.  Bonds  to  bear  not  less  than  3  per  cent — The  permanent 
school  and  university  funds  shall  be  invested  in  the  bonds  of  the 
United  States,  or  in  bonds  of  this  or  of  any  other  state,  or  In 
bonds  of  any  school  district,  or  county  drainage  bonds  of  thlg 
state,  bearing  not  less  than  three  per  cent  interest,  and  in  bonds 
of  any  ooimty  (other  than  drainage  bonds)  and  in  the  bonds  of 
any  city,  town  or  village  of  this  state,  bearing  not  less  than  four 
(4)  per  cent  Interest,  as  provided  by  law;  but  no  investment  shall 
be  made  in  bonds  is-sued  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  any  railroad. 
The  governor,  treasurer  and  auditor  are  hereby  constituted  a 
board  of  Investment,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  invest  all  funds  de- 
rived from  the  sale  of  public  lands,  except  as  otherwise  provided 
by  law.  The  auditor  shall  be  secretary  of  said  board,  keep  a  rec- 
ord of  its  proceedings  and  publish  the  same  with  his  annual  report. 
Tlie  treasurer  shall  place  on  credit  of  the  respective  fund  the  In- 
terest received  on  said  bonds.     They  shall  not  be  transferable  ex- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  127 

cept  upon  the  ordei  of  the  governor  and  auditor,  and  on  each  shall 
be  written,  "Minnesota  School  Fund  Bond,"  or  "Bond  on  the  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota,"  as  the  case  may  require,  transferable  only 
upon  the  order  of  the  governor  and  state  auditor.  The  auditor 
shall  keep  a  record  showing  the  name,  and  amount  of  each  bond, 
wher  issued,  when  redeemable,  the  rate  of  interest,  when  and 
where  payable,  by  whom  executed,  when  purchased,  when  with- 
drawn, and  for  what  purpose.  (2435,  as  amended  by  Chap.  348, 
1907) 

319.  Organization — The  university  shall  comprise:  (1)  A  college 
of  science,  literature  and  arts;  (2)  a  college  of  agriculture,  includ- 
ing niilitary  tactics;  (3)  a  college  of  mechanic  arts;  (4)  a  coUega 
or  department  of  law;  (5,>  a  college  or  department  of  medicine;  (6) 
a  college  or  department   of  dentistry.     (1479) 

320.  Department  of  pedagogy — That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
beard  of  regents  to  organize  and  establish  in  the  University  of 
Minnesota  as  soon  as  practicable  a  teacher's  college,  or  department 
of  pedagogy,  for  the  purpose  of  affording  proper  professional  train- 
ing for  those  persons  who  intend  to  become  public  and  high  school 
instructors,  principals  and  superintendents  of  schools.  (Chap.  120, 
1905) 

321.  School  of  agriculture  at  Crookston — There  shall  be  estab- 
lished at  or  near  the  city  of  Crookston,  in  the  county  of  Polk,  un- 
der the  direction  and  educational  supervision  of  the  board  of  re- 
gents of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  a  school  of  agriculture, 
which  shall  be  a  department  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  un- 
der such  name  and  designation  as  the  board  of  regents  may  de- 
termine, and  wherein  shall  be  taught  such  studies  and  branches 
of  learning  as  are  related  to  agriculture  and  domestic  economy. 
(Chap.  132.  1905) 

322.  Sectarian  instruction  prohibited — In  the  selection  of  pro- 
fessors, insti-uetors,  officers  and  assistants  of  the  university,  in 
the  studios  and  exercises,  and  in  the  management  and  government 
thereof,  no  partiality  or  preference  shall  be  shown  on  account  of 
political  or  religious  belief  or  opinion,  nor  shall  anything  sectariaji 
be   taugnt   therein.     (1480) 

323.  Duties  of  president — The  president  of  the  university  shall 
be  president  of  the  general  faculty  and  of  the  faculties  of  the  sev- 
eral colleges  or  departments  and  the  executive  head  of  the  uni- 
versity in  all  its  departments.  Subject  to  the  board  of  regents, 
he  shall  give  general  direction  to  the  practical  affairs  and  scientif- 
ic investigations  of  the  university,  and,  in  the  recess  of  the  board, 
may  remove  any  employee  or  subordinate  oftlcer,  not  a  member  of 
the  faculty,  ajid  supply  for  the  time  any  vacancy  among  such  em- 
ployees and  officers.  He  shall  be  ex  officio  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  hoard  of  regents,  and  may  be  charged  with  the  duties 
of  one  of  the  professorships.     (1481) 

324.  Reports  of  president — On  or  before  the  second  Tuesday 
In  December  of  each  year,  he  shall  make  a  report  to  the  state 
Buperintt  ndent,  showing  in  detail  the  progress  and  condition  of 
the  university  daring  the  previous  university  year,  the  number  of 
professors  and  students  in  each  department,  and  such  other  mat- 
ters relating  to  the  educational  work  of  the  institution  as  he  shall 
deem  useful,  or  as  the  state  superintendent  may  require.  He 
shall  also  at  the  same  time  report  to  the  board  of  regents  the 
progress  and  condition  of  the  university  during  the  same  time,  tha 
nature  and  results  of  all  important  experiments  and  investiga- 
tions, and  such  other  matters,  including  industrial  and  economic 
facts  and  statistics,  as  he  may  deem  useful,  or  as  such  board  may 
require.     (1482) 


128  DICTIONARY  OP  THE 

325.  Standing  appropriation — There  Is  hereby  annually  appro- 
priated for  the  general  maintenance  of  the  university: 

1.  The  Interest  and  income  of  the  permanent  university  fund, 
arising  from  the  sale  of  lands  granted  to  the  state  by  act  of  Con- 
gress entitled  "An  act  donating  lands  to  the  several  states  and 
territories  v/hich  may  provide  colleges  for  the  benefit  of  agricul- 
ture and  the  mechanic  arts,"  approved  July  2,  1S62,  or  from  any 
other  source. 

2.  The  proceeds  of  twenty-three  one-hundredths  mills  on  the 
dollar  of  the  state  school  tax. 

The  lands  granted  by  the  general  government  to  the  state  to 
aid  in  the  development  of  brines,  and  known  as  the  state  salt 
lands,  and  those  granted  by  an  act  of  Congress  entitled  "An  act 
granting  lands  to  the  state  of  Minnesota  in  lieu  of  certain  lands 
heretofore  granted  to  said  state,"  approved  M'arch  3,  1879,  and  the 
funds  arising  from  their  sale,  are  hereby  appropriated  for  the 
completion  of  the  geological  and  natural  history  survey.     (1483) 

326.  Same — School  of  mines — The  following  sums  are  hereby 
appropriated  annually,  out  of  the  state  treasury:  For  the  support 
of  the  school  of  mines  of  the  state  university,  five  thousand  dol- 
lars. For  the  salaries  of  instructors  in  said  school  of  mines  and 
for  the  salary  of  a  professor  of  eJectrical  engineering  in  said  uni- 
versity,   forty-five  hundred   dollars.     (1484) 

327.  University — Free  tuition — Any  resident  of  the  state  grad- 
uated from  the  school  for  the  blind,  upon  coinpliance  with  all  oth- 
er requirements,  shall  be  entitled  to  pursue  any  course  of  study 
in  the  state  university,  without  expense  for  tuition,  and  the 
board  of  regents  shall,  receive  him  into  any  department  thereof, 
(1935) 

328.  University  depository  of  state  tubiications — The  general 
library  of  the  University  of  Minnesota  is  hereby  made  a  deposit- 
ory of  all  books,  pamphlets,  documents,  maps  and  other  works 
published  by  or  under  the  authority  of  the  State  of  Minneso,ta. 
(Chap.   278,    Sec.   1,   1905) 

329.  State  officials  to  deliver  publications— It  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  Secretary  of  state,  and  of  all  other  officials  and  boards  hav- 
ing the  custody  or  distribution  of  such  publications,  to  deliver  to 
the  said  library  one  copy  of  each  so  soon  as  ready  for  distribu- 
tion; and  thereafter  whenever  different  works  are  bound  up  to- 
gether, one  copy  of  ea.ch  volume  provided  that  the  said  library 
shall  be  entitled  to  receive  5  copies  of  the  Legislative  Manual. 
The  said  officers  may  in  their  discretion  issue  to  the  said  library 
additional  copies  as  requested  by  the  librarian.  (Chap.  278,  Sec. 
2,   1905) 

330.  Appropriation  for  agricultural  experiment  station — ^That 
the  State  of  Minnesota  does  hereby  assent  to  the  grants  of  money 
authorized  by  an  act  of  the  congress  of  the  United  States,  enti- 
tled, "An  act  to  provide  for  an  increased  annual  appropriation  for 
agricultural  experiment  stations  and  regulating  the  expenditure 
thereof."     (Chap.    101.    1907) 

331.  $16,000  appropriated  for  fruit  breeding  farm — There  is 
hereby  appropriated  out  of  money  In  the  state  treasury  not  oth- 
erwise appropriated,  the  sum  of  sixteen  thousand  dollars  ($16,000), 
or  as  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  for  the  purchase  of  a 
fruit  breeding  farm  for  the  state  university  for  the  board  of  re- 
gents of  the  State  University  as  hereinafter  provided.  (Chap.  334, 
Sec.   1,   1907) 

332.  $2,000  annually  appropriated — There  Is  hereby  annually 
appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the  state  treasury,    not    other- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


129 


wise  appropriated,  the  sum  of  two  thousand  dollars  ($2,000),  for 
the  care  and  management  of  said  fruit  breeding  farm.  (Chap. 
334.    Sec.    2,   1907) 

333.  Regents  to  select  a  fruit  farm— As  soon  as  may  be  after 
the  passage  of  this  act,  the  board  of  regents  of  the  state  univer- 
sity shall  select  a  fruit  farm  which  shall  meet  with  the  approval 
of  the  executive  board  of  the  Minnesota  state  horticultural  soci- 
ety as  being  well  adapted  for  fruit  breeding  purposes.  (Chap.  334, 
Sec.  3,  1907,1 

334.  Visitors  committee— The  executive  board  of  the  Minneso- 
ta state  horticultural  society  is  hereby  required  to  appoint  a  com- 
mittee oi  two  suitable  persons  to  visit  said  fruit  breeding  farm,  at 
least  once  in  each  year,  to  examine  the  fruit  breeding  work  being 
done  thi-re,  and  to  report  on  the  progress  of  such  work  to  the 
Minnesota  state  horticultural  society  and  board  of  regents  of  the 
state  university,  togethi?r  with  such  recommendations  for  the  fu- 
ture conduct  of  said  farm  as  may  seem  to  them  best.  (Chap.  334, 
Sec.  4,  1007) 

335.  Penalty  for  selling  liquors — Any  person  who  shall  sell  any 
intoxicating  liquor  or  cigarettes,  or  maintain  a  drinking  place, 
within  one  mile  of  the  University  farm  of  the  school  of  agriculture 
of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  located  in  Ramsey  county,  Minne- 
sota, on  section  21,  towxiship  29,  and  range  23  west,  or  shall  aid 
or  abet  another  in  either  of  such  acts,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  gross 
misdemeanor  and  shall  be  punished  for  the  first  offense  with  a  fine 
of  not  more  than  $100.(;0  or  imprisonment  for  not  less  than  sixty 
days  nor  more  than  ninety  days;  for  each  subsequent  offense,  by 
a  line  of  not  less  than  $500.00  nor  more  than  $1,000.00,  or  by  im- 
prisonment in  the  county  jail  for  not  less  than  six  months  nor 
more  thar.  one  year,  or  by  both.     (Chap.  37S,  1907) 

336.  Donation  for  hospital  for  sick  poor — That  the  action  of 
said  uni\ers!ty  and  its  coard  of  regents  in  accepting  said  donation 
of  one  hundred  and  thirteen  thousand  dollars  ($113,000)  from  Wal- 
ter J.  Trask  of  Los  Angeles,  California,  for  a  clinical  hospital  to 
be  known  as  Elliott  memorial  hospital  building  is  hereby  ap- 
proved, ratified  and  confirmed  and  the  said  donation  is  hereby 
accepted  in  behalf  of  the  Dtate  of  Minnesota.  (Chap.  SO,  Sec.  1, 
1907) 

337.  Donation  for  site — That  the  said  donation  of  the  sum  of 
fifty  thousand  dollars  ($50,000),  and  any  fui-ther  sum  or  sums 
which  may  be  donated  for  the  purixise  of  acquiring  a  site  for  a 
universiry  clinical  hospital  is  hereby  accepted  by  the  state,  and 
the  board  of  regents  of  the  university  is  hereby  authorized  to  ac- 
quire such  a  site  by  purchase  or  condemnatioji  near  the  campus 
of  the  state  university  in  the  city  of  Minneapolis,  as  it  may  deem 
most  suitable  for  the  purpose  and  to  erect  thereon  such  Elliott 
m.emorial  hospital  building  and  other  buildings  of  like  character. 
(Chap.   SO,   Sec.   2,   1907) 

338.  Free  treatment  for  indigent  persons — That  said  Elliott 
memorial  hospital  building  shall  belong  to  and  be  forever  a  part 
of  the  University  of  Minnesota.  It  shall  receive  for  free  care  and 
treatment  indigent  persons  suffering  from 'disease  who  have  re- 
sided in  the  state  of  Minnesota  for  not  less  than  six  months.  The 
said  hospital  building  shall  be  managed  and  controlled  by  the 
board  of  regents  ot  the  state  university,  who  shall  adopt  such  rules 
and  regulations  as  it  may  deem  proper  and  necessary  for  the  ad- 
mission, discharge,  government,  care  and  treatment  of  such  .sick 
poor  by  the  members  of  the  staff  of  the  department  of  medicine  of 
the  said  university.     (Chap.  80,  Sec.  3,  1907) 


130 


DICTIONARY   OF  THE 


339.  Free    education    for    soldiers     of     American-Spanish     war — 

That  any  person,  who,  being  at  the  time  a  resident  of  the  State 
of  Minnesota,  enlisted  in  tlie  army  or  navy  of  the  United  States 
during  tl;e  late  war  between  the  United  States  for  the  war  against 
the  Kingdom  of  Spain,  and  wlio  was  lionorably  discharged  there- 
from, shall,  upon  complying  with  all  other  requirements  for  ad- 
mission, be  entitled  to  pur.sue  any  course  or  courses  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota  without  expense  for  tuition.  (Chap.  158, 
Sec.   1,   1907) 

340.  Duty  of  regents— It  is  iiereby  made  the  duty  of  the  board 
of  regents  of  the  University  of  Minnesota  to  accept  in  any  college, 
school  or  department  thereof,  any  student  who  comes  within  the 
definition  of  section  1  of  this  act,  without  any  charge  to  said  stu- 
dent for  tuition,  and  to  refund  to  any  student  who  may  come  un- 
der the  provisions  of  this  act,  any  money  which  he  has  paid  iri 
as    tuition   since    his   discharge.     (Chap.    15Sr  Sec.    2,    1907) 

341.  Forest  demonstrations — The  board  of  regents  of  the  state 
university  may.  in  their  discretion,  use  for  their  forest  demon- 
strations work  in  connection  with  the  forestry  course  in  the  state 
university,  any  suitable  tracts  of  land  in  Itasca  .State  Park  that 
may  be  assigned  to  them  for  this  purpose  by  the  state  forestry 
board,  or  may  undertake  forestry  work  in  the  said  park  or  eilse- 
where  in  conjunction  with  the  state  forestry  board.  (Chap.  90, 
Sec.   3,    1907) 

LEAVENWORTH,  Francis  P.— Born  September  3,  1S68,  Mt. 
Vernon,  Ind.  Mt.  Vernon  high  school,  1S75;  A.  B.,  Indiana,  ISSO; 
A.  M.,  same.  Taught  at  Harvard  college,  1887-92.  Assistant  pro- 
fessor of  astronomy,  1S92;  professor  of  astronomy,  1S9G  to  date. 
Cincinnati  observatory,  1880-82:  Assistant,  observatory  University 
of  Virginia,  1882-87.  Author  of  Double  Star  Obs.ervations;  Stellar 
Parallax;  List  of  New  Nebulas;  Photographic  Measures  of  Eros 
for  Dctormaiing  the  Parallax  of  the  Sun;  Photographs  of  Nebulas 
and  Star  Clusters.  Member  of  the  Astronomical  society  of  Ameri- 
ca;  Sigma  Xi.     1028  Fourth   street  southeast. 

LEAVITT,  Frederick— Bern  November  10,  1861,  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.  Common  school  education.  M.  D.,  University,  1894.  Clini- 
cal instructor  in  obstetrics,  Hamline,  1898-00.  Instructor,  clinical, 
in  obstetrics,  1900-0'6;  clinical  professor  of  obstetrics,  1906  to  date; 
clerk  of  clinics.  Author  of  numerous  contributions  to  medical  jour- 
nals: inventor  of  the  Leavitt  Uterine  Dilator.  513  M'arsh.ill  avenue. 
126    Dowry   Arcade,    St.    Paul. 

LEAVITT,    Henry    Hooker—Born    April    1,    1861,    Waterloo,    la. 

A.  B.,  Beloit,  18S4;  M.  A,  same,  1887;  Chicago  homeopathic  col- 
lege, M.  D.,  1880.  Professor  of  diseases  of  children,  college  of 
homeopathic  medicine  and  surgery,  1893-01;  professor  of  diseases 
of  nose  and  throat,  1901-04;  professor  of  ophthalmology,  1904  to 
date.     2015    Jamco   avenue   south.     810    Pillsbury   building. 

LECTURE  COURSE— During  the  school  year,  a  lecture  and 
entertainment  course,  consisting  of  six  lectures  and  concerts,  is 
given  in  the  chapel  of  the  school  of  agriculture,  at  a  cost  of  sev- 
enty-five cents  for  the  series.  These  entertainments  are  strictly 
high  grade,  and  furnish  a  pleasant  relaxation  from  school  work, 
as  well  as  mental  stimulus. 

LEE,  Thomas  G — Born  November  27th,  1860,  Jacksonville,  N.  Y. 

B.  S.  and  M.  D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1886;  B.  S.,  Harvard, 
1892;  University  of  Wurzburg,  1887.  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
Assistant  in  histology  and  embryology,  1884-86;  lecturer  on  his- 
tology and  embryology,  Yale,  and  director  of  the  laboratory,  1886- 
91;    assistant   in    histology,    Radcliffe,    1891;    instructor   in    histology, 


UNIVERSITY   OF  MINNESOTA.  131 

bacteriology  and  urinalysis.  -University,  1S91-92;  professor  oi-  his- 
tology, embryology,  bacteriology  and  clinical  microscopy,  1892-93; 
professor  of  histofogy  and  embryology,  1S93  to  date.  Secretary  of 
the  college  of  medicine  and  surgery  and  librarian  of  the  medical 
department  of  the  University.  Author  of  biological  reports  Con- 
necticut state  board  of  health;  Implantation  of  Ovum  in  Spermoph- 
ilus-  Early  Development  of  Geomys;  Decidual  Cavity  in  Dipodo- 
my«'-  Early  Stages  of  Development  of  Cynomys;  other  papers  re- 
lating to  embrvology  of  North  American  mammal,  particularly 
rodPHtia.  Member  of  the  American  Association  of  anatomists; 
fellow  A  A.  A.  S.;  secretary-treasurer  of  the  American  society  of 
zoologists  f central  branch):  secretary-treasurer  of  the  American 
society  of  naturalists  (central  branch);  Anatomisches  Gesellschatt; 
Minnesota  academy  of  medicine;  Minnesota  academy  of  science; 
American  medical  association;  Hennepin  county  medical  society; 
Minnesota   state   medical.     509   River   road  southeast. 

LEIB     William    H.— Instructor   in   vocal   music   1S80-84. 

LEHNERTS,  Edward  M.— Born  March  29,  1873,  Winona  Minn 
St  Francis  conservatory  of  music.  1892;  Winona  normal,  advanced 
cour.-T,  1896;  undergraduate  work  at  University  of  Chicago,  1900- 
01;  15.  S.  Pennsylvania,  1902.  Taught  in  rural  school  of  Winona 
county,  1SS9-1S91:  principal  of  village  schools,  same,  1891-92;  prin- 
cipal of  night  schools,  Winona,  1894;  instructor,  Winona  normal, 
1896-O0I;  head  of  department  of  geography,  Winona  normal,  1900- 
07.  Assistant  professor  of  geography.  University,  1907  to  date. 
Author  of  many  pedagogical  articles  in  educational  journals.  1519 
Seventh  street  southeast. 

LENHERR,  Jacob — Instructor  in  sweet  curd  cheese  work,  1899- 
02. 

LEONARD,  Henry  C. — Instructor  in  botany,  1876-7S;  professor 
of   obstetrics    (homeopathic)    18S8-94.     Now   practicing   in   Duluth. 

LEONARD,  L.  D.— Professor  of  pathology  and  oral  surgerj-, 
ISSS-fil. 

LEONARD,  Vvilliam  Edwin— Born  July  27,  1855,  Minneapolis. 
Public  schools  rf  Minneapolis;  B.  A.,  University,  1876;  M.  D., 
Hahnemann  medical  college.  Philadelphia.  1S79;  service  of  the 
Metropolitan  hospital.  New  York  City.  1879-80.  Professor  of  ma- 
teria mcdic.T.  and  therapeutics,  college  of  bomeo<pathic  medicine 
and  surgery.  1888  to  date.  Author  of  papers  read  before  various 
state  and  national  meetings  of  homeopathic  physicians;  The 
Healthy  Woman,    etc.   819   Andrus   building. 

LEONARD,   William    H. — Professor  of  obstetrics,   1882-87. 

LEONHAEUSER,  Harry  A.'— Professor  of  military  science  and 
tacliis.  jS;t:,-i)S.  Bnrn  in  Allegheny,  Pa.,  1860.  West  Point,  ISSl. 
25th  Infantry,  Fort  Meade,  S.  D.,  same  year.  Made  1st  lieutenant, 
1892. 

LEUBNER,  B.  O. — Quizmaster  and  assistant  in  pharmacy.  1895- 
96;  assi.'-taiil  in  pharmacy,  1896-99;  instructor  in  pharmacy,  1899-02. 

LEWIS,  John  H.,  Hastings — Regent  ex-officio.  state  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction,  January  21,  1899-January  25,  1901. 
Graduate  of  the  University  class  of  1S78.  Superintendent  of  the 
city  school  of  Hastings  from  date  of  graduation  till  appointment 
as  "superintendent  of  public  instruction,  afterward  going  back  to 
his  old  position,  which  he  held  until  his  removal  to  Ontario,  Cal., 
a  few  years   ago. 

LIBERMA,  Marco  F.— Instructor  in  Fi-ench,  1899-02.  Graduate 
of  the  I'niversitv.  class  of  1901.  Now  professor  of  Romance  lan- 
guages   in    the    University    of    Cincinnati.     Born    in    Milan,    Italy. 


132 


DICTIONARY  OP  THE 


Early  education  in  Ecole  des  Fi-eres  de  Saint  Frangois  Xavier. 
Learned  English  in  a  missionary  school;  studied  German  at  Trieste, 
and  French  at  the  College  des  Lazarites  in  Marseilles,  and  later 
in  Syria.  Came  to  America  in  1892.  Taught  in  New  York  one. 
year.  In  1893  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  has  taught  at  Mor- 
g'an  hall  and  Sto,nley  hall.     Now  in  the  University  of  Cincinnati. 

LIBRARIES — The  University  is  most  fortunately  situated  to 
be  able  to  take  advantage  of  the  libraries  of  the  twin  cities. 
Thfse  libraries  include  the  city  libraries;  the  Minneapolis  bar 
association,  the  Guaranty  loan  and  the  New  York  life  law  libraries, 
which  are  open  under  certain  restrictions  to  University  students; 
the  State  historical  library  and  the  State  library  of  St.  Paul,  make 
several  hundred  thousand  volumes  available.  The  University  libra- 
ries are  embraced  in:  1.  Tlie  general  library,  2.  The  college  libra- 
ries, including  those  in  law,  medicine,  engineering  and  agriculture, 
3.  Departmental  libraries,  including  those  in  art,  astronomy,  ani- 
mal biology,  botany,  chemi^jtry,  French,  geology,  German,  Greek, 
Latin,  history,  mathematics,  military  science,  pedagogy,  physics, 
rlietoric,    and    Scandinavian. 

The  private  collections  of  professors  are  also  available  to  stu- 
dents engaged  in  advanced  research  work. 

The  University  libraries  include  about  115,000  bound  volumes 
and  30,000  unbound  books  and  pamphlets.  About  500  current  peri- 
odicals are  received  by  the  University.  The  departmental  libraries 
consist  mainly  of  books  of  leference  and  current  periodicals  relat- 
ing to  technical  subjects.  See  Law  library.  Nelson  law  library. 
Supreme  Ccurt  law  library.  Medical  library,  Millard  medical  libra- 
ry,  Engineering  library,   Agricultural   library. 

The  general  library  is  open  to  students  and  the  public  from 
8:00  to  9:30  every  day  of  the  University  year,  Sundays  and  holi- 
days   excepted.     James    T.    Gerould   is   librarian. 

LIBRARY  BUILDING — This  building  was  erected  in  1894,  at 
a  cost  of  $17-5, OO'O.  It  is  fire  proof,  constructed  of  light  gray  Ohio 
sandstone  and  is  modeled  after  the  style  of  the  Parthenon.     It  has 


Library, 
a  frontage  of  135  feet  and  a  depth  of  194  feet.     It  is  a  two  story 
building,   with   no   basement.     The   architects  were    Bufiington   and 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


133 


Sedgrewick.  The  exterior  being  the  work  of  Mr.  Bufflngton  and 
the  interior  arrangement  being  that  of  Mr.  Sedgewick.  The  build- 
in?  provides  aeccmmodations  for  the  offices  of  the  president,  reg- 
istrar, purchasinc  agent  and  accountant;  the  departments  of  his- 
tory, Englisl;,  political  economy;  the  assembly  hall  where  chapel 
and  othi.-r  public  exercises  are  held  and  the  library.  The  reading 
room,  on  the  second  floor  is  44x100  feet  and  32  feet  high  and 
provides  for  150  persons  to  have  a  table  for  study  or  reading 
Opening  off  this  room  are  .seminar  rooms,  offices  of  the  librarian 
ard  his  assistants,  and  the  stock  and  document  rooms.  The  as- 
sembly room   will   seat   comfortably    SOO    people. 

LIGGETT,  William  M.— Born  November  5,  1S46,  Marysville, 
Ohio.  Common  schools  and  the  University  of  Urbana,  Ohio! 
Taught  two  years  in  common  schools.  Soldier  in  Civil  war,  rising 
to  rank  of  Colonel;  county  treasurer;  railroad  commissioner;'  regent 
of  the  University,  1888-06;  chairman  of  the  experiment  station 
corp_s,  1S93-95;  dean  and  director  of  the  department  of  agriculture, 
University,  1895-07.  Recigned  on  account  of  ill  health  and  was 
afterward  elected  assistant  in  agriculture.  2201  Scudder  avenue, 
St.    Anthony    Park,    Minn. 

LIND,    Alfred — Lecturer    on    mechano-therapy,    1902-04. 

LIND,  John — New  Ulm,  Minneapolis — Appointed  regent  Janu- 
ary 16,  1893,  resigned  August  9,  1894.  Ex-ofTicio  a  member  of 
the  board,  as  governor  of  the  state,  1899-0').  Governor  Lind  was 
'born  in  Sweden,  March  25,  1854.  He  came  to  America  when  a 
boy  and  received  his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  town.  He 
attended  the  University  1875-76.  He  began  practicing  law  at  New 
Ulm  in  1877;  served  as  a  mc-mber  of  the  50th,  '51st,  52nd,  and  58th 
Congresses;  Governor  of  Minnesota,  1899-00;  1st  lieutenant  and 
quartermaster  12th  Regiment,  M.  N.  G.,  Spanish-American  war. 
Lawyer,  member  of  the  firm  of  Lind  &  Ueland,  New  York  Life 
building.     1775   Colfax  avenue   south. 

LI PP,  Charles  C. — Assistant  instructor  in  physiology  and  vet- 
erinary medicine,  1905-07;  assistant  professor,  same,  1907  to  date. 
1460    Raymond   avenue,   .St.   Anthony    Park. 

LITERARY  SOCI ETI ES— Department  of  Agriculture.  The  lit- 
erary societies  of  the  sciiool  of  agriculture  include  the  following: 
Adelphic,  Gopher,  Owl,  S.  A.  U.  M.,  North  Star,  Ski-U-Mah,  Min- 
nesota. They  provide  opportunities  for  securing  instruction  in  de- 
bate, elocution,  together  with  entertainment  and  culture. 

LITERARY  SOCIETY  ADDRESSES— In  the  early  days  Of  the 
University,  the  combined  literary  societies  provided  courses  of 
lectures,  usually  one  lecture  each  year.  The  following  is  a  pro- 
gram of  the  lectures  down  to  1883,  when  the  practice  was  given 
up.  1873-74,  Professors  Brooks,  Peckham,  and  Thompson,  Rev. 
D.  B.  Reed  and  Hon.  Ignatius  Donnelly;  1875,  Rev.  David  Burt; 
1876,  Judge  A.  H.  Young;  1877,  Dr.  .S.  P.  Starritt;  1878,  Hon.  D.  L. 
Kiehle,  "Demands  upon  American  Education;"  1879,  Rev.  C.  M. 
Terry,  "The  Specialist;"  1880,  Professor  G.  Campbell,  "History  of 
Philosophy  in  America;"  1881,  Professor  John  F.  Downey,  "Lead- 
ers;" 1S82,  Rev.  M.  G.  Dana,  "Purpose  in  Life;"  1883,  Hon.  J.  Ham 
Davidson,    "James    Abram    Garfield." 

LITTLE,  J.  Warren — Demonstrator  of  operative  surgery,  1897- 
0<»;  clinical  instructor  in  surgery,  1900i-03;  clinical  professor  of 
.surgery,  190.'?  to  date.    .Syndicate  Arcade. 

LITZENBERG.  Jennings  Crawford — Born  April  6,  1870,  Wau- 
beek.  la.  Anamosa,  la.,  high  school,  18S9;  B.  S.,  University,  1894; 
M.  D.,  1889.     Educational  director  of  the  city  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  189.5-98; 


134  DICTIONARY   OF  THE 

supetintenrltnt  of  schools,  St.  Louis  Park,  Minn.,  1894-95;  assist- 
ant piiysical  director.  University,  ISbG  to  date.  Instructor  in  ob- 
stetrics, 1901-015;  professor  of  clinical  obstetrics,  190tj  to  date. 
Lecturer  on  obstetrics  to  St.  Barnabas,  Asbury,  Swedish  and  City 
hospitals.     i'955  Ciiicago  avenue.     802  Pillsbury  building. 

LIVE   STOCK   PAVILION— Krected  in  1904,  at  a  cost  of  $32, OW. 

LOAN    FUNDS,    STUDENT— The    Elliott,    The   J.    B.    Gilfillan. 

LOCAL  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATIONS— Local  associations  are  in 
existence  at  the  following  named  places — Alexandria,  Minn. ;  Anoka, 
Minn.;  Boston,  Mass.;  .Duluth,  Minn.;  Fergus  Falls,  Minn.;  Helena, 
Mont.;  Minot,  N.  D. ;  New  York  City,  N.  Y. ;  San  Francisco,  Cal. ; 
Seattle,  Wash.:  Spokane,  Wash.;  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Williston, 
N.    D. 

LOBERG,  Adolph  E. — Born  January  31,  1876,  Minneapolis. 
Minneapolis  public  and  iiig'li  schools;  M.  D.  University,  1901.  In- 
terne, St.  Joseph's  hospital;  house  physician  to  Bethesda  hospital, 
both  of  St.  Paul,  for  two  years  after  graduation.  Assistant  in  de- 
paitment  of  nervous  and  mental  diseases  1906  to  date.  221  Cedar 
avenue. 

LONGITUDE — The  exact  longitude  of  the  University  observa- 
toiy  is  6h.   12m.   57.041s. 

LOTHOP,  Sadie  E.— Stenographer,  purchasing-  agent's  office. 
3356    Park    ai/enufc. 

LOWDEN  PRIZE,  The— Mr.  Frank  O.  Lowden,  of  Chicago,  offers 
as  a  prize  to  be  competed  for  by  the  Northern  oratorical  league, 
an  endowment  of  $3,900,  which  will  yield  an  annual  income  of 
about  $175.  A  prize  of  $100  given  to  the  winner  of  the  first  place, 
$50  to  the  orator  who  gets  second  place,  and  the  remainder  will 
be  set  aside  each  year  for  an  interest  fund  to  accumulate,  and,  in 
time,    produce   another   endowment. 

LUDDEN  TRUST,  THE— The  Honorable  John  D.  I  udden.  of 
St.  Paul,  in  1902,  gave  the  University  of  Minnesota  $5,000,  which 
was  afterward  increased  to  $10,000,  to  be  held,  invested  and  re- 
invested by  the  University,  thru  the  board  of  regents,  and  the 
income  thereof  to  be  collected,  received  and  applied  by  said  board 
of  res^ents  to  the  financial  assistance  of  students  of  either  sex 
in  the  school  of  agriculture.  The  fund  produces  about  $400  a 
year. 

The  following  conditions  are  imposed  by  the  donor:  "The  bene- 
ficiaries must  be  youths  who  are  residents  of  the  state  of  Minne- 
sota; they  must  be  and  continue  of  unblemished  moral  character, 
and  of  temperate  and  industrious  habits,  and  they  must  be  such 
as  by  examination  and  trial  shall  evince  and  maintain  a  taste, 
habit  and  aptitude  for  study  and  improvement;  and  any  student 
who  shall  fail  to  come,  or  shall  cease  to  be,  within  the  above 
conditions  shall  forfeit  all  claims  to  the  benefit  of  such  fund. 
Subject  to  these  conditions  tho  administration  of  such  income  is 
entrusted  to  the  said  board  of  regents  which  may  make  such 
rules   therefor   as   they  may   deem  judicious." 

When  Mr.  Ludden's  will  was  probated,  in  Octotoer,  1907,  it 
was  found  that  he  had  left  $15,000  more  to  be  used  as  the  regents 
may  direct  for  the  aid  of  needy  and   deserving  students. 

LUFKIN,  Harry  M.— Born  April  13,  1860,  Shelbyville,  III.  High 
school  and  State  normal  university,  111.  Professor  of  diseases  of 
children,  1889-04;  professor  of  physical  diagnosis  and  clinical  med- 
icine,   1904    to   date.     617    Goodrich    avenue,    St.    Paul. 


UNIVERSlTir  OP  MINNESOTA. 


135 


LUGGER.  Otto — Entomologist  and  botanist  of  the  experiment 
station,  ISS7-]y00;  professor  of  entomology  and  botany,  1S90  to 
date  of  death,   1900.? 

LUNDEEN,  John  A. — Appointed  to  the  U.  S.  military  academy, 
West  i'oiiit,  New  York,  from  the  2nd  congressional  district,  (St. 
Peter)  Minnesota,  and  was  there  as  cadet  from  July  1,  1SG9,  to  June 
13,  I'iTS,  when  he  graduated  fifth  in  a  class  of  forty-one  members; 
was  promoted  to  the  army  to  2nd  lieutenant  of  the  4th  Artillery. 
After  gi-aduating  he  served  for  a  month  at  his  alma  mater  as 
instructor  of  military  engineering,  and  then,  after  tlie  customery 
graduating  leave,  repoitcd  for  duty  with  Light  Battery  "B",  4tli 
Artillery,  at  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Nov.  29,  1873.  He 
was  promoted  to  1st  lieutenant  4th  Artillery  in  December  of  the 
same  year  and  was  sent  to  Alaska  in  command  of  a  small  detach- 
ment of  men.  He  remained  in  Alaska  until  Aug.  26,  1876,  when 
he  was  ordered  to  the  University  where  he  served  as  a  professor 
of  military  science  and  tactics  until  June  5th,  1879.  He  also  taught 
mathematics,  astronomy  and  Swedish.  Upon  leaving  the  Univer- 
sity he  was  oi'dered  to  Fort  Stevens,  Oregon,  and  in  1880  he  pro- 
ceeded to  I<'ort  Monroe,  Va.,  where  he  attended  the  artillery  school, 
graduating   in   1882. 

Since  graduating  from  this  school  he  has  served  successfully 
at  Fort  Trumball.  Conn.,  Fort  Adams,  R.  I.,  Fort  Snelling,  Minn., 
and  Fort  Warren,  Mass.  From  18S7-1S92  he  served  as  assistant 
professor  of  mathematics  at  West  Point.  He  then  was  ordered  to 
Fort  McPherson,  Atlanta,   Ga. 

LYON,  Harold  L. — Instructor  in  botany,  1000-04;  assistant  pro- 
fessor, 1904-07.  B.  A.,  University,  1900;  M.  S.,  1901;  Ph.  D.  1903. 
Chemist   for   a   sugar  planter's   association   in   Honolulu. 

Mccarty,  Edward  P.— Born  October  1,  1873,  Clifton.  111.  Ma- 
pleton  high  .school;  E.  M.,  University,  1900;  instructor  in  mining, 
1900-06;  assistant  professor  of  miiung,  1906  to  date.  With  the 
Ruby  Chief  Mining  Company,  Irwin,  Colo.,  1900;  with  the  Tri-r 
State  Development  Coinpany,  Marquette,  Mich.,  1903.  306  Tenth 
avenue    southeast. 

McKAY,  Jane — Registrar's  oftice,  assistant,  since  1904.  134 
Arch    street,    St.   Paul. 

McCLOUD,  Charles  N. — Lecturer  on  first  aids  to  the  injured, 
college   of   pharmacy,    1902    to   date.     965    Selby  avenue,    Bt.    Paul. 

McCLUMPHA,  Charles  F.~Assistant  professor  of  English, 
1895-1902;    professor,    1902-05. 

McCUTCHEON,    F.    W. — Lecturer   on  partnership,    1890-91. 

McDANIEL,   Charles — Instructor   in   forge   shop,   1902-03. 

McDAVITT,  Thomas — Assistant  in  ophthalmology  and  otology, 
1S94-95. 

McDERMOTT,  Edward  Eugene — Born  Fennimore,  Wis.  Rural 
schools;  Plattcvillo  normal,  two  years;  academy  of  Northwestern, 
one  voar;  B  S.,  Northwestern,  1S:S5;  graduate  work  at  Northwest- 
ern in  rhetoric  and  Englisli,  1889-90;  M.  S.,  Northwestern,  1890; 
special  courses  in  Emerson  school  of  oratory  and  the  Curry  school 
of  expression,  both  of  Boston.  Taught  in  rural  schools,  one  year; 
grade  and  high  schools,  two  years;  superintendent  of  public  scliQols, 
Lancaster,  Wis.,  two  years.  Instructor  in  rhetoric  and  elocution, 
1891-95;  assistant  professor  of  rhetoric  and  elocution,  since  1895. 
Organizer  of  Minnesota  state  high  school  debating  league,  and 
editor  of  its  reports  for  past  six  years.  Organizer  of  -Delta  Sigma 
Rho,  an  intercollegiate  forensic  honorary  fraternity.  1307  Sixth 
street  southeast. 


136  DICTIONARY  OP  THE 

McDonald,  Hope^ — instructor  in  history,  1897-03.  Assistant 
professor,    1903-05. 

MacDOUGAL,  Daniel  T.— Born  at  Liberty,  Indiana,  March  16, 
1SG5.  Completing  tlie  courses  of  the  common  and  high  schools, 
after  an  interval  spent  in  teaching,  he  entered  DePauw  universi- 
ty in  1S84,  receiving  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  science  in  1890. 
From  1888-90,  he  -wsls  assistant  in  the  botanical  laboratory  of  De- 
Pauw university.  In  1890  he  went  to  Purdue  university  as  instruc- 
tor in  botany.  On  leave  of  absence  during  the  summer  season 
of  1891,  lie  carried  on  botanical  explorations  for  the  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  in  Arizona,  and  performed  similar  service  in 
Idaho  in  1892.  In  1891  ho  received  the  degree  of  master  of  science 
from  Purdue  university  for  researches  in  the  special  senses  of 
plants,  carried  on  in  physiological  laboratory  of  that  institution. 
In  1893  he  tooK  up  work  as  instructor  in  plant  physiology  in  the 
University;  became  assistant  professor  in  1895,  resigning  ini  1899 
to  take  up  work  in  the  Bronx  botanical  gardens  of  New  York  City. 

McELMEEL,  Owen  P. — Born  December  5,  1874,  Earlville,  la. 
Four  years  in  Iowa  state  normal.  L.L.  B.,  University,  1904.  In- 
structor in  rhetoric  and  debate,  1904-07.  Lawyer  and  credit  man 
for  Bradshaw  Brothers.  Member  of  Delta  Sigma  Rho.  32  Orlin 
avenue   soutlieast. 

McGEE,  John  F.— Special  lecturer,  college  of  law,  1902-0i3;  spe- 
cial lecturer  on  federal  and  state  legislation,  1907  to  date.  New 
York  Life  building. 

McGILL,  A.  R.,  St.  Paul— Regent  ex-officio,  as  governor  of  the 
state,    1887-88. 

McGUIRE,  A.  J. — Superintendent  of  the  sub-station  at  Grand 
Rapids,    1904   to   date. 

MACHETANZ,  Karl  A. — Director  of  the  gymnasium  and  in- 
structor in  history  and  arithmetic,  school  of  agriculture,  1904  to 
date. 

MclNTYRE,  Mary  S.— Librarian  of  the  school  of  agriculture, 
19C0   to    date   University,   1900. 

MACKINTOSH,    Roger    S.— Assistant   in   horticulture,    189'6-02. 

McLAIN,  Nelson  Wylie — Director  of  the  experiment  station, 
1SC8-1S91. 

McLaren,  Archibald— Adjunct  professor  of  gynecology,  1888- 
92:  clinical  professor,  same,  1892-93;  clinical  professor  of  diseases 
of  women,  1893-05;  clinical  professor  of  surgery,  1905  to  date. 
Lowry  Arcade,   St.   Paul. 

McLaren,  Jennette  M.— Born  December  1857.  Woodstock,  111 
Hish  school  course  and  Lshort  course  at  normal.  Taught  six  years 
in  public  school^.  First  assistant  in  obstetrics,  1905-07;  clinical 
instructor   in   same,    1907   to   date.     '589   Endicott  Arcade,    St.   Paul. 

MacLEAN,  George  Edwin — Professor  of  English  language  and 
literature,  1885-95.  Called  from  the  University  to  the  chancellor- 
ship of  the  University  of  Nebraska,  remained  at  Nebraska 
years  and  was  then  called  to  the  presidency  of  Iowa  state  uni- 
versity, -which  position  he  now  holds.  Williams  college,  1871. 
Yale  divinitj'  school,  1874.  Pastor  at  New  Lebanon  and  Troy, 
N.  Y.  Studied  Old  English  at  Leipsic,  1881,  and  the  University 
of  Berlin,  1882-83.  Studied  at  Cambridge  and  Oxford  along  line 
of   his   speciality.     Ph.    D.    Leipsic. 

McMANIGAL,  William  Allison — University,  B.  A.,  1904;  LD.  B., 
1906;  scholar  in  sociology,  1904  to  date.  Lawyer,  214  Globe  build- 
ing, St.  Paul. 


UNIVERSITY  Ol^  MINNEJSOTA.  I37 

McMillan,  Conway — Born  in  Hillsdale,  Mich.  He  graduated 
from  the  classical  course  of  the  University  of  Nebraska  in  I880, 
and  was  appointed  assistant  geologist  by  the  board  of  regents. 
During  the  summer  he  accompanied  Prof.  S.  E.  Hicks  upon  a 
scientific  trip  to  the  Bad  Lands.  In  1886  he  received  the  degree 
of  M.  A.  from  his  alma  mater,  and  until  the  spring  of  1887  was 
in  the  biological  laboratory  at  Johns  Hopkins.  His  first  work  was 
done  in  the  University  in  March,  1887,  as  instructor  in  botany. 
Later  he  was  appointed  entomologist  of  the  Nebraska  experiment 
station,  and  published  a  prelimmary  bulletin  on  injurious  insects, 
February  6,  1888.  Made  assistant  professor  of  botany  in  1890,  and 
professor  in  1891.  Botanist  of  the  Geological  and  natural  history 
.survey.  Resigned  in  1906  to  go  into  advertising  business  in  Phila- 
delphia. 

McMillan,  S.   J.    R. — Lecturer  on   constitutional  law,   1888-89. 
MACNIE,    J.    S. — Clinical   assistant    in   diseases    of   the    ear   and 
eye,    1904    to    date.     Pillsbury    building. 

McVEY,  Frank  LeRond— Born  November  10,  1869,  Wilmington, 
Ohio.  Public  schools  of  Toledo,  O'Mo  and  Des  Moines,  la.;  Dee 
Moines  college;  A.  B.,  Ohio  Wesleyan,  1893;  Ph.  D.,  Yale,  1895; 
principal  of  high  school.  Orient,  la.,  1892;  instructor  in  history. 
Teachers'  college,  Columbia  university,  1896;  instructor  in  eco- 
nomics, University  1896-98;  assistant  professor  same,  1898-00;  pro- 
fessor of  economics,  1900-07.  Member  of  Minnesota  state  tax  com- 
mission, chairman,  1907  to  date.  Associate  editor  of  the  American 
economic  association  bulletin;  director  of  the  Twin-City  exlubit, 
St.  Lous,  1904.  member  of  the  International  jury  of  awards,  St. 
LoL'is  1904;  President  of  associated  charities,  Minneapolis,  1899-07; 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  National  conference  of 
charities  and  corrections.  Author  of  Populist  Movement,  1896: 
The  Histor"  and  Government  of  Minnesota,  1900;  Modern  Indus- 
trialism, 1904;  numerous  articles  and  reviews  in  the  economic  and 
general  press.     822   Seventh   street  southeast. 

MAHONEY,  Stephen,  Minneapolis — Appointed  regent  June  15, 
1889  and  served  to  March  1907.  having  been  twice  re-appointed 
and 'serving  for  eighteen  years.  Mr.  Mahoney  graduated  from  the 
University  in  1877,  and  was  the  first  alumnus  to  serve  on  the  board. 
Born  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  in  1854.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1857. 
Entered  the  University  of  Minnesota  in  1874  and  graduated  with 
honors  in  1S77.  Taught  school  and  studied  law.  Received  IjL..  B. 
from  Iowa  university  in  1879.  Elected  judge  of  municipal  court, 
Minneapolis,  in  1883.  Engaged  in  practice  of  law  in  Minneapolis. 
MAHOOD,  E.  W. — Instructor  in  arithmetic  and  gymnasium, 
1&S5-03. 

MAIN  BARN— Erected  in  1884,  at  a  cost  of  $15,000,  from  the  prof- 
its on  the  .sale  of  the  first  University  farm.  75x234  feet.  Con- 
tains, on  the  lower  floor,  stalls  for  beef  and  dairy  cattle;  on  the 
second  floor  hoi-sos,  seeds,  grain  foods  and  machinery.  This  barn 
has  two  silo'3,   a  root  cellar  and  ample  hay  bays. 

MAIN  BUILDING — For  the  department  of  agriculture  is  a  dig- 
nified and  imposing  freproof  structure,  three  stories  and  base- 
ment in  height,  and  covering  a  ground  area  on  "T"  form  plan 
248   feet   in   length   and   145   feet   in    -Jepth. 

Architecturally,  the  building  is  designed  in  the  early  Italian 
style,  the  materials  used  being  a  brown  pressed  brick  and  trimmed 
■with  granite  and  Bedford  stone.  The  cornice  is  bold  and  of  great 
projection,    the    roof   is    covered   with     red     tiles.     The  distinctive 


138 


DICTIONARY   OP  THE 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNEJSOTA.  ^^^ 

character  of  the  design  is  one  of  great  strength  and  simplicity 
combined    with    a    pleasing    color    effect. 

The  basiMnent  contains  storage  rooms  and  the  ventilating  fans 
and  healers,  the  steam  supply  being  obtained  from  the  central 
heating  plant;  the  ground  !loor  is  devoted  to  offices  and  rooms  for 
the  requirements  of  the  division  of  agriculture  with  generous  pro- 
vision  for   class  rooms,    laboratories,    and   work   rooms. 

A  striking-  characteristic  feature  of  the  interior  is  tlie  great 
stone  entrance  hall  and  stairs,  ttnished  in  polished  Kasota  marble; 
this  material  has  also  been  used  for  the  floors  of  the  halls  through- 
out  the   building  with   excellent   effect. 

The  first  floor  contains  the  executive  offices  of  the  school  and 
college  and  experiment  station  together  with  a  library  and  reading 
room,  as  weli  as  seminars  and  farm  accounts  room  and  a  beauti- 
ful and  spacious  auditorium  and  stage;  the  auditorium  and  gallery 
being-   capable    of    seating-   1,000    people. 

The  second  floor  contains  the  entomological  and  sewing  de- 
partments. The  entire  building  is  finished  in  weathered  oak  and 
the  walls  and  ceilings  in  quiet  but  pleasing  colors.  The  heating 
is  by  steam  which  in  combination  with  a  blower  system  furnishes 
abundant  fresh  warm  air  throughout  the  building  at  all  times. 
The    lighling   is   by    electricity. 

MAJOR,  E.  W. — Instructor  in  sweet  curd  cheese  work,  1896-99; 
assistant    in    dairy    husbandry,    experiment    station,    1899-(>2. 

MALEY,  Linda  Helen. — Born  June  9,  1S79,  Faxon,  Minn.  Rural 
schools;  Mmneapolis,  east  iiigh  school;  B.  A.,  University,  1901; 
M.  A.,  same,  1907.  Assibtajit  in  rhetoric,  University,  1901-04;  in- 
structor in  same,  1904  to  date.  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  613  Washington 
avenue    southeast. 

MANAGING  EDITORS  OF  THE  ARIEL— IS,"?.  John  H.  Lewis; 
18VS,  John  l?".  Ooodnow;  1879,  A.  W.  Rankin;  IS5O,  James  Jenni- 
son;  1881,  F'rank  N.  Leavens;  1SS2,  David  Percy  Jones;  1883,  Thom- 
as E.  Trussell;  1884,  Howard  S.  Abbott;  1885,  Henry  J.  Grannis; 
1886,  Frank  N.  Stacy;  1887,  Percy  R.  Benson;  1888,  Arthur  E. 
Giddings;  1859.  Patrick  Kennedy;  1890,  George  A.  Clark;  1891,  Otto 
K.  Folin;  1892,  Knut  Gjerset;  1893,  C.  Elon  Young;  1894,  Arthur 
L.  Helliwell;  189o,  Charles  H.  Topping;  189o,  Alexander  Caldwell; 
1897,  Conrad  H.  Christopherson;  1898,  Charles  A.  Johnson;  1899, 
Waldron   M'.    Jerome. 

MANAGING  EDITORS  OF  GOPHERS— A  list  of  managing  edit- 
ors  of   Gophers   will    be    foui.d    in    the    Gopher  of   1907,    page   179. 

MANAGING  EDITORS  OF  THE  MINNESOTA  DAILY— 1900, 
Sidney  D.-W,  Artam.s;  1901,  Waltor  11.  Murfia;  190'2,  Jay  I.  Durand; 
1903;  Henry  S.  Ives;  1904,  Charles  Gilman;  1905,  John  P.  Devaney; 
1906,  Edward  Hall  and  Carol  K.  Michener;  1907,  Algernon  H.  Col- 
burn    and    J^enas    L.    Potter. 

MANCHESTER,  James  Eugene — Born  August  16,  1855,  Pitcairn, 
N.  Y.  B.  S.,  University;  D.  Sc,  Tuebingen,  Germany;  studied  at 
Gottingun.  one  semester;  Heidelberg,  three  semesters;  Leipsic, 
two  semesters;  Tuebingen.  tliree  semesters.  Superintendent  of 
schools,  various  places  in  Minnesota,  five  years;  professor  of  math- 
ematics, Vincennes  university,  three  years;  President  of  Vincennes 
university.  Instructor  in  mathematics.  University,  1905  to  date. 
Author  of  Hohere  Singularitaten  Ebener  Kurven.  Member  of  the 
American  mathematical  society;  member  of  the  Indiana  academy 
of    science.     405    Oak    street    southeast. 

MANDOLIN  CLUB,  The — Is  an  organization  of  men  for  the 
purpose    of    securing    the    necessary    practice    to    give    public    con- 


140  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

certs.  The  instruiments  used  are  the  mandolin,  violin,  'cello  and 
guitar.  Public  concerts  are  given,  usually  in  connection  with  the 
glee  club,  both  in  and  out  of  the  city.  Practice  is  liept  up  during 
the  college  year,  under  the  direction  of  competent  instructors. 
Membership  is  secured  through  competitive  trials  of  skill. 

MANN,  Arthur  Teall — Born  in  1S66,  New  York  City.  Minne- 
apolis high  school,  1S84;  B.  S.,  University,  188S;  M.  D.,  Harvard, 
1895.  Taught  in  Minnesota  high  schools  one  year  and  was  super- 
intendent of  same  for  tliree  years.  Four  years  in  Massachusetts 
hospitals;  the  Channing  hospital  for  mental  and  nervous  cases, 
1895-96;  surgical  service  of  the  Boston  City  hospital  1896-98;  first 
assistant  physician,  Massachusetts  hospital,  1898-99;  studied  sur- 
gery in  German  hospitals  in  1904.  Assistant  in  clinical  surgery, 
1901-03;  instructor  in  clinical  surgery.  1903-07;  professor  of  clinical 
surgei'y,  1907  to  date.  Author  of  Hemorrhoids,  including  an  orig- 
inal operation;  Tin  Splints,  the  Manufacture  and  Use,  with  some 
original  devices;  Fractures  of  the  Lower  Jaw,  including  an  orig- 
inal method;  Rapid  Healing  in  Septic  Cases,  including  the  use  of 
iodoform  wax  in  bone  cases;  Cases  of  Appendicitis,  illustrating 
some  common  mistakes  m  diagnosis;  Acute  Pancreatitis.  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer of  the  Western  surgical  and  gynecological  associa- 
tion; Surgeon  to  the  Northwestern  hospital,  Minneapolis;  member 
of  ttie  American  medical  association;  the  Minnesota  state  medical 
association;  the  M'innes,polis  medical  club;  the  Hennepin  county 
medical  association;  the  Commerciai  club;  the  Minneapolis  club. 
704   Fillsburv  building. 

MANiN,  Eugene  Lansdon— Born  May  20',  1861,  Minneapolis. 
Graduate  of  St.  Paul  public  schools  and  Hobart  college,  Geneva, 
N.  Y.  Professor  of  physical  diagnosis  and  laryngology,  college  of 
homeopathic  medicine  and  surgery,  18S8-1902;  dean  of  same  1902 
to  date.  Contributor  to  medical  journals.  Graduate  work  in  Aus- 
tria, London,  and  Halle,  Germany.  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  881  Fair- 
mont  avenue.     Endicott   Arcade.  .St.    Paul. 

MANSON,  Frank  M.—Instructor  in  animal  biology,  1894-97. 
Graduate  of  the  University  class  of  1894;  M.  S.,  1895;  Med.,  1899. 
Now    a   practicing   physician    at    Worthington,    Minn. 

MARSHALL,  William  R.,  St.  Paul— Regent  1851-52.  Ex-offl- 
cio  member  of  the  board  1868-OS.  Appointed  1873  and  three  times 
re-appointed,    resigned    January    31,    1882. 

MARSTON,  Moses — Born  in  Williamstown,  Vermont,  in  1832. 
He  graduated  from  Middlebury  college  in  1856,  and  for  many  years 
was  a  Universalist  minister.  He  was  subsequently  called  to  the 
professorship  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  St.  Lawrence  university.  New 
York,  where  he  remained  several  years.  About  1874  he  was  forced 
to  resign  his  position  on  account  of  ill  health,  and  came  to  Min- 
neapolis, hoping  that  a  change  of  climate  would  be  beneficial. 
For  a  time  he  preached  in  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer,  in  Min- 
neapolis; was  elected  to  the  professorship  of  English  in  the  Uni- 
versity in  1874  which  position  he  filled  until  his  death,  July  11, 
1883.  His  friends  and  pupils  raised  a  fund  of  $1,000  to  endow  a 
scholarship  in  English  in  his  honor.  This  scholarship  is  known 
as  the  "Moses  Marsten  scholarship"  and  is  awarded  annually. 

MARTEN  IS.  John  V. — Instructor  in  machine  design,  1907  to 
date.     215    Pleasant    street    southeast. 

MATCH  EN,  Robert  D. — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  the  princi- 
ples and  practice  of  surgery,  1888  to  date;  now  senior  professor 
of  same.     Masonic   Temple. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


141 


MATHEMATICAL  SOCIETY,  THE— Composed  of  professors,  as- 
sistant profes'-ors  and  instructors  whose  work  is  in  pure  or  applied 
mathematics,  and  meets  the  third  Wednesday  of  each  month  for 
the   discussion   of   mathematical   subjects. 

MATHEMATICS  MUSEUM— This  includes  tbe  Schroeder  wood- 
en and  the  Scnilling-  gypsum,  string  and  paper  models  for  solid 
analytical  geometry,  many  of  the  Schilling  models  for  illustrating 
the  theory  of  surfaces,  several  of  the  Schilling  mechanical  devices 
for  describing  various  loci,  the  Keufel  and  Esser  models  for  solid 
geometry,  and  large  slated  globes,  suitably  mounted,  for  use  in 
splierical   geometiy   and   spherical   trigonometry. 

MAVES,  Herman  A. — Instructor  in  operative  dentistry,  1907  to 
date.     601    Masonic    Temple. 

MAYNE,  Dexter  Dwight— Born  May  14,  1863,  Beetown,  Wis. 
State  normal  school,  Plattesville,  Wis.;  some  work  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin;  other  institutions.  Taught  one  year  in 
country  school;  one  year  in  graded  scliool;  principal  of  Fennimore, 
Wis.  liigh  school  one  year;  same  for  Elkhorn  high  school,  five 
years;  same  for  Fort  Atehinson  liigli  school,  four  years;  principal 
and  surierintendent,  Janesville,  Wis.  schools,  seven  years,  also 
one  year  in  schools  of  Ishpcming,  Mich.  Two  years  experience  as 
a  commercial  traveller;  practical  farm  experience;  conducted  sum- 
mer schools  and  institutes  for  a  number  of  years.  Principal  of 
the  sc-hocl  of  agriculture  since  1902;  also  instructor  in  farm  mathe- 
matics, civics,  and  economics;  instructor  in  elements  of  agricul- 
ture, college  of  education,  1906  to  date.  Author  of  Modern  Busi- 
ness Speller;  Geography  of  Wisconsin  (Morton's);  Office  Methods 
and  Business  Practice,  parts  I  and  II;  The  Old  Fort  at  Fort  At- 
kinson; First  Principles  of  Agriculture  (with  Professor  Goff ) ; 
Mavne's  Sight  Speller;  Modern  Business  English  (with  C.  J.  Smith) ; 
other  publications  in  preparation.     St.  Anthony  Park,  Minn. 

MAYO,    E.    D. — Instructor   in   mechanical    drawing,    1SS6-S7. 

MAYO,  William  J.,  Rochester — Appointed  regent  1907,  term  ex- 
pires 1913.  Born  ISGl.  LeSueur,  Minn.  Private  schools  of  Roch- 
ester and  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  M.  D'., 
18S3.  Specialist  in  surgery  wl)ich>  he  has  practiced  at  Rochestei 
since  1883.  Member  of  the  firm,  of  Drs.  Mayo,  Graham  and  com- 
pany. Member  of  the  American  medical  association,  president 
1906-07;  Minnesota  state  medica-1  association;  Olmstcad  county 
medical  society,   etc. 

MEAD,    Marlon   A. — Assifatant   in   laryngology,    1902-05. 

MEAT  HOUSE — Erected  in  1901,  at  a  cost  of  $7,500.  It  pro- 
vides accommodations  fur  one  imndred  and  twenty  students  in  the 
lecture  room.  The  killing  and  cutting  rooms  on  the  main  lloor 
are  well  adapted  to  large  details  for  practice  work,  and  the  base- 
ment curing  rooms  offer  excellent  opportunity  for  training  in  this 
branch  of  the  work.  The  store  rooms  are  refrigerated  by  the  am- 
monia process  and  are  so  arranged  that  work  started  by  a  stu- 
dent  at  any   time   can   bo  held   almost  indefinitely. 

MECHANIC  ARTS  BU I LDI NG— This  building  was  erected  in 
iSS6,  at  a  cost  of  $30,000.  It  was  remodelled  and  a  large  addition 
made  to  it  in  1903,  at  a  cost  of  $10,000.  It  is  constructed  of  red 
pressed  brick  with  rod  sandstone  trimmings  and  is  a  three  story 
and  high  basement  building.  It  provides  quarters  for  the  depart- 
ment of  mathematics,  drawing,  civil,  municipal  and  structural 
engineering;  tlie  testing  laboratories  of  these  departments  together 
with    some    of    the    laboratories    of    the    department   of    mechanical 


142  DICTIONARY   OF  THE 

engineering,  and  some  sliop  and  bench  work.  The  building  con- 
tains many  large  class  and  lecture  rooms  and  private  offices  of 
professors,  and  drawing  rooms  for  the  department  of  drawing  and 
for  the  drawing  work  connected  with  the  various  departments 
connected  v/ith  the  departments  housed  in  the  building.  The 
building  provides  nearly  thirty  tliousand  square  feet  of  floor  space. 

MECHANICAL  ENGINEERING  MUSEUM— The  collection  con- 
sists of  models  of  mechanical  motions  especially  relatmg  to  the 
work  in  kinematics;  sectioned  apparatus,  such  as  injectors,  water 
meters  and  steam  separators;  various  collections  of  drop  forging 
In  iron,  steel  and  copper;  miscellaneous  samples  of  commercial 
work  representing  the  product  of  special  machines;  groups  of  stand- 
ard nuts,  bolts  and  screwa;  samples  of  belting,  ropes,  steel  and 
iron  cables,  rawliide  gears,  and  other  material  especially  useful 
for   illustrative   purposes. 

MEDALS — The  Alumni  Weekly  gold  medal,  the  Briggs  medals, 
the  Rollin   E.   Cutts  medal. 

MEDICAL  LIBRARY— This  library  consists  of  (a)  The  general 
clinical  and  reference  collection  of  some  4,000  books  and  bound 
periodicals,  and  thirty-four  current  peiiodicals;  (b)  The  college 
collections  of  the  college  of  homeopathic  medicine  and  surgery, 
the  college  of  dentistry  and  the  college  of  pharmacy;  (c)  The 
departmental  libraries,  being  special  collections  of  books  and  cur- 
rent periodicals  belonging  to  tlie  laboratories  of  anatomy,  chem- 
istry, histology  and  embryology,  pathology  and  bacteriology  and 
physiology.  In  addition,  the  libraries  of  the  Hennepin  county 
medical  society,  some  3,800  volumes  and  50  journals,  and  that  of 
the  Ramsey  county  medical  society,  some  4,500  volumes  and  150 
journals,  are  accessible  to  ihe  medical  student  for  reference  work 
and    collateral   reading. 

MEDICAL  SCIENCE  BUI  LDING— Completed  in  1S96.  The  ini- 
tial cost  of  the  building  was  $40,000,  but  with  an  addition  made 
in  1898  and  the  changes  and  improvements  made  since,  it  prob- 
ably represents  an  expenditure  of  $J'5,0'00,  and  with  its  museums, 
libraries  and  other  contents  at  the  present  time,  could  not  be  re- 
placed for  more  than  .flOO.O'OO.  It  is  a  large  four  story  brick 
building,  (7r>xl50  feet)  and  is  especially  designed  for  laboratories. 
Tliis  building  liouses  the  department  oj  histology  and  ambryology 
and  tliie  department  of  physiology  of  this  college.  A  portion  of 
the  south  wing  is  temporarily  occupied  by  the  college  of  phar- 
macy. 

The  department  of  histology  and  embryology  occupies  the  four 
floors  of  thf^  north  wing  and  center  of  the  building,  (about  17,0'00 
square  feet)  and  contains  a  large  laboratory  (44x70  feet)  wiiich 
is  finely  lighted  by  windows  on  three  sides  and  part  of  the  fourth. 
On  the  second  floor  is  a  laboratory  of  neurology  and  lecture  room 
besides  the  departmental  library  and  ofTices  of  the  staff.  The 
tliird  floor  contains  a  special  laboratory  and  smaller  rooms  for 
research  students  as  well  as,  rooms  for  photographic  and  recon- 
struction work.  On  the  lower  floor  are  found  numerous  prepar- 
ation and  storage  room?  for  the  different  laboratories. 

The  department  of  physiology  occupies  the  greater  part  of  the 
south  wing  and  center-  of  the  building  and  provides  large  well 
equipped  laboratories  for  experimental  and  physiological  chemis- 
trv  together  with  numerous  finely  equipped  workshops,  storage 
and  preparation  rooms,  animal  rooms,  lecture  rooms,  departmental 
library  and  offices  of  the   staff. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  I43 

MEDICAL  SOCIETY,  The— An  organization  of  students  of  the 
college  of  iiicdicine  and  suigiry,  whose  purpose  is  the  extension 
of  the  knowledge  of  its  members  in  medical  science  and  the  pro- 
motion  of  good-fellowship.     Organized   in 

MEDICINE  AND  SURGERY,  The  College  of— This  college  was 
authorized  by  the  chartc-r  of  the  University  and  as  far  back  as 
1873.  agitation  for  its  organization  was  begun.  It  was  not  until 
18&2,  however,  that  the  matter  began  to  assume  definite  form. 
The  subject  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  board  of  regents 
through  a  communication  from  Dr.  Charles  N.  Hewitt,  secretary 
of  the  state  board  of  health.  Df.  Hewitt  wrote  a  letter  to  the 
board,  and  appeared  peraonally  before  it,  and  as  a  result  a  resolu- 
tion was  adopted  by  the  board,  authorizing  the  appointment  of  a 
rommittoe  consisting  of  Dr.  Charles  N.  Hewitt,  Dr.  W.  H.  Leon- 
ard, and  President  FolvvcU,  to  prepare  definite  plans  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  such  a  college.  Their  report  recited  the  then  pres- 
ent condition  of  medical  education,  and  recommended  the  creation 
of  a  faculty  whose  duties  sliouid  be  that  of  an  examining  board, 
to  subject  every  candidate  to  an  examination  of  a  nature  to  de- 
termine the  candidates  preliminary  literary  and  scientific  ciualifi- 
cations,  to  rigidly  but  fairly  examine  into  his  professional  fitness, 
and  require  the  submission  and  successful  defense  of  an  original 
thesis  upon  a  professional  topic.  This  report  was  accepted  and 
adopted  and  the  college,  as  an  examining  institution  was  estab- 
lished Januai-j-  5,  18S3.  Under  this  form  of  organization  the  col- 
lege existed  until  1887,  nine  persons  receiving  the  degree  of  bachel- 
or of  medicine,   under  tiie  regulations  governing  this  organization. 

On  the  7th  of  April,  1887,  a  committee  consisting  of  Drs.  Hand, 
Hewitt  and  Millard,  waited  upon  the  board  of  regents  and  urged 
the  estal.'lishment  of  a  teaching  college  of  medicine.  The  matter 
was  referred  to  a  special  committee  of  the  board  of  regents,  and 
at  a  meeting  of  the  board,  held  February  28,  1888,  the  representa- 
tives of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Minnesota  hospital  college 
and  the  St.  Paul  medical  school,  tendered  the  regents  their  prop- 
erties for  five  years,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  medical 
college  of  high  grade.  The  offer  was  accepted  by  the  board. 
In  March  of  the  same  year,  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Minne- 
sota homeopathic  medical  college,  voluntarily  surrendered  their 
charter  and  offered  to  provide  a  place  for  the  work  of  this  college 
to  be  carried  on.  if  the  regents  would  establish  a  homeopathic 
college  of  medicine.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  nominate  a 
faculty  for  the  college  of  medicine  and  surgery  and  a  college  of 
dentistry  and  another  committee  to  nominate  a  faculty  for  the 
iollege  of  homeopathic  medicine  and  surgery.  The  three  institu- 
tions were  thus  merged  into  the  department  of  medicine  and  work 
was  begun  under  the  auspices  of  the  University  in  the  fall  of 
IS'^S,  in  the  building  which  has  of  recent  years  been  occupied  by 
Asbury  hospital,  on  the  corner  of  Sixth  street  and  Ninth  avenue 
south,  with  Dr.  Perry  H.  M'illard,  as  dean  of  the  department. 
For  four  years  instruction  was  carried  on  in  this  building.  The 
legislature  of  1891,  appropriated  $80,000  for  a  new  building,  to  be 
erected  on  the  campus,  and  tins  was  completed  so  that  the  work 
of  the  following  year  was  pursued  in  the  new  building.  "With  the 
removal  of  the  department  to  the  campus  there  was  a  Change 
made  in  administration,  so  that  each  of  the  colleges  of  the  depart- 
ment was  given  its  own  dean,  Or.  Millard,  continuing  as  dean 
of  the  college  of  medicine  and  surgery  instead  of  the  whole  de- 
partment, and  Dr.  H.  "V\'.  Brazie,  being  made  dean  of  the  college 
of  homeopathic  medicine  and  surgery,  and  Dr.  "W.  Xavier  Sudduth 


144 


DICTIONARY   OF   THE 


being-  made  dean  of  the  college  of  dentistry.  The  college  of  phar- 
macy was  organized  at  the  same  time  and  Frederick  J.  Wulling 
was   brought    to    the    University   as   dean. 

The  work  of  the  first  two  years  is  devoted  wholly  to  the  study 
of  anatomy,  histology  and  embryology,  chemistry,  physiology,  bac- 
teriology and  pathology,  materia  m.edica  and  therapeutics.  The 
work  of  the  last  two  years  is  mostly  technical  and  a  study  of 
diseases  and  proper  treatment  for  the  same.  The  degree  granted 
is    doctor    of    medicine. 

The  entrance  requirements  of  this  college  have  been  steadily 
advanced  from  the  ordinary  requirement  for  admission  to  a  high 
school  to  two  years  of  college  work.  The  course  has  been  length- 
ened  from   three   to  four   years.         This   was   done   in   1S95. 

The  college  is  now  resident  in  six  buildings  specially  erected 
for  its  use,  Millard  hall,  the  first  medical  building  erected  on  the 
campus;  the  Laboratory  of  medical  chemistry;  the  Laboratory  of 
medical  sciences;  the  Anatomy  building;  the  Animal  building;  the 
Institute  of  public  health  and  pathology  building,  on  the  campus, 
and  a  dispensary  building  located  on  Washington  and  Cedar  ave- 
nues. The  college  of  medicine  and  surgery  has  advanced  its  re- 
quirements, until  now  two  fall  years  of  college  work  are  required 
for  admission.  Dr.  Perry  H.  Millard,  was  dean  until  his  death 
in  1S37;  he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Parks  Ritchie,  professor  of  ob- 
stetrics, who  lield  that  office  until  the  spring  of  1906,  when  he 
resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  the  present  dean.  Dr.  F.  F.  Wes- 
brook.  The  college  has  graduated  794  inen  and  49  women.  The 
faculty  is  composed  of  men  wlio  are  paid  for  their  services  and 
a  still  larger  number  of  active  practitioners  who  provide  clinical 
instruction  in  various  lines.  There  are  thirteen  professors,  and 
forty-three  assistant  professors,  instructors,  prosectors,  demon- 
strators and  assistants^  wlio  are  paid  for  their  services,  and  whose 
main  work  is  devoted  to  the  service  of  the  department.  The  full 
faculty  Includes  forty-one  professors,  four  assistant  professors, 
thirty-three  clinical  and  laboratory  instructors  and  demonstrators, 
nineteen  clinical  and  laboratory  assistants,  :5ixteen  scholars  assist- 
ing in  laboratories.  The  enrollment  for  1906-07  was  ISO.  Tuition, 
$10iO    a    year. 

The  college  is  closely  associated  with  the  state  board  of  health 
and  both  have  the  use  of  certain  laboratory  equipment  which  is 
mutually  beneficial,  the  dean  of  this  college  being  secretary  of 
the   state    board   of   health. 

See  Hospitals  and  Elhott  Hospital.  See  also  Six  year  medical 
course.     See    special    announcement    1884    and    catalog   of    1887. 

MEEDS,  Alonzo  D. — Instructor  in  chemistry,  1890-94.  Gradu- 
ate of  the  University  class  of  18S9,  now  city  chemist  of  Minneapolis. 

MEEKER,     B.    B.,    St.    Anthony— Regent    1853-56. 

MELCHER,   William    P.— Instructor  in  German,    1873-74. 

MELOM,  Carl  Marcus — Born  June  26,  1874,  Franklin,  Minn. 
Red  Wing  seminary,  ISDP;  B.  L.,  University,  1901;  M.  A.,  1902; 
studied  at  the  University^,  of  France  ten  months,  as  follows:  Sor- 
bonne.  two  months:  Dijon,  four  months;  and  Caen,  four  months; 
now  working  for  Ph.  D.  at  the  University.  Three  years  experience 
in  teaching,  one  in  rural  schools,  two  in  the  Government  schools 
of  the  Philippines.  Scholar  to  teach  Spanish,  1904-05;  instructor 
In   Spanish   and   French,   190'5  to   date.     2029   Seventh   street   south. 

MERCER,  Hugh  V. — Lecturer  on  jurisprudence,  college  of  law, 
1906  to  date.  Practicing  lawyer,  Wilson  &  Mercer,  510  Security 
Bank  building.  Member  of  board  of  directors  of  the  General  alum- 
ni   association. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  145 

MEREDITH,  Virginia  C— Preceptress  of  the  school  of  agricul- 
ture,  lSy7-9y;  also  professor  of  home  economics,   1899-0'3. 

MERRIAM,  WIIMam  R.,  St.  Paul— Regent  ex-oflicio,  as  governor 
of  the   state,   1889-1891'. 

MERRILL,  Rev.  Elijah  W.— First  principal  of  the  University, 
was  born  at  Conv;ay,  N.  K.,  in  1S16.  Died  in  Minneapolis,  Feb- 
ruary 15,  1901.  Graduate  of  Wesleyan  university  (Conn.),  taught 
at  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  afterward  Albion  college,  Mich.,  of  which 
he  was,  for  some  time  the  principal.  He  was  called  to  take  charge 
of  the  preparatory  depaitment  of  the  University  in  1851,  and  actu- 
ally opened  a  school  on  the  26th  day  of  October  of  that  year,  in 
a  small  building,  erected  by  public  subseription,  on  or  near  the 
site  of  the  old  exposition  building.  The  school  was  carried  on  by 
Mr.  Merrill  for  four  years,  he  paying  all  of  the  expenses,  including 
his  own  compensation  out  of  tuition  fees  received.  Mr.  Merrill 
was  the  chief  mover  in  calling  and  organizing  the  first  teachers' 
a.ssociation  of  the  territory  and  was  superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction for  one  year,  parts  of  1S54,  1855.  He  was  ordained  a 
Congregational  minister  in  1SG3,  and  was  pastor  of  various  church- 
es in  this  state  until  his  health  failed  him  in  1875,  when  he  was 
obHged   to  give   up  his  v\'x>rk.     See  Ariel,    1891. 

MERRIMAN,  Orlando  C,  St.  Anthony,  Minneapolis — Regent 
March  4,  1864-February  18,  1868;  March  2,  1868- January,  1871. 
Member  of  the  special  board  of  three  regents  to  which  board  the 
task  of  righting  the  tangled  affairs  of  the  University  was  referred 
March    4,    1S64. 

MERRIMAN,   Wiljiam    H. — Instructor  in   machine  work,    1900-07. 

MERWIN,    T.    Dwight — Lecturer   on    patent    law,    1889-99. 

MEYER,  Arthur  W.— Born  August  IS,  1873,  Cedarsburg,  Wis., 
E.  S.,  Wisconsin,  189S;  M.  D.,  Johns  Hopkins,  1905.  Taught  coun- 
try schools.  1891-93;  principal  of  grammar  school,  1893-95;  teacher 
of  physics,  St.  Johns  military  academy,  1898-01;  assistant  and  in- 
structor in  Johns  Hopkins  university,  1905-07;  assistant  professor 
of  anatomy,  University,  1907  to  date.  Author  of  The  Endothelium 
of  the  Peritoneal  Cavity  of  the  Cat;  the  Human  Umbilical  Vesicle; 
Rogerieration  of  the  Lymph  Glands  in  the  Dog;  the  Lymphatic 
Glands  in  Pregnancy;  the  Hemolymph  Glands  of  the  Sheep;  Sub- 
cutaneous Lymph  Glands;  the  Physician  and  Surgeon  in-.Shakspere; 
Some  Characteristics  of  the  Medicine  in  Shakespere.  212  Church 
street  southeast. 

MILES,   A.    D.    E. — Demonstrator   in   charge  of  prosthetic   clinic, 

1891-93. 

MILITARY  Drill — The  act  of  Congress  of  1862,  providing  for 
the  establishment  of  "Land  grant  colleges,"  requires  that  instruc- 
tion be  given  in  military  science  and  tactics  at  all  institutions 
that  are  its  beneficiarie.-?.  The  Armory  is  located  on  the  Univer- 
sity campus  and  has  all  the  facilities  usually  provided  in  a  modern 
Armory.  The  United  States  government  supplies  the  University 
with  the  necessary  arms,  equipment  and  ammunition  for  instruc- 
tion in  infantry  and  artillery  drill,  and  details  a  commissioned 
ofPcer  of  the  regular  anny   to  take  charge  of  the  department. 

The  office  of  professor  of  military  science  <ind  tactics  has  been 
held  by  the  following  named  gentlemen:  Maj.  Gen.  R.  W.  John- 
son, (retired),  1869-71;  Maj.  E.  L.  Huggins,  1872-75;  Lieut.  John 
A.  Lundeen,  1876-79;  Professor  O.  J.  Breda,  who  came  to  the 
University  as  professor  of  Scandinavian,  in  1884,  conducted  work 
in    military   drill,    lor   some  time;    I^ieut.    Edwin   F.    Glenn,   1888-91; 


i  ■■■■  MIHB  ■■■■  < 


The 
University  Grocery  Store 


^MMOUJVCES 

The  home  of  expert  merchandising 
The  neatest  kept  store  and  full  of  fresh 
eatables  procured  from  the  best  brands. 
University  people  should  recognize  this 
store  as  the  best  of  all. 


C.  W.  Mcncillcy, 


400  14th  Ave.  S.  E. 


Tel.  N.  W.  East  263-J 


Tel.  T.  S.  16138. 


•  ■■■■•■■■  SHIBV 1 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  147 

Lieut.  Geo.  H.  Morgan,  1891-9 1 ;  Lieut.  Harry  A.  Leonliaeuser, 
lSy5-9S;  Carlet  Major  Franlv  M.  Warren,  Min.  '99,  lield  tlie  office 
for  1S9S-99;  Cadet  M'aj.  Edward  Wiltgon,  for  1899-00;  Cadet  Maj. 
Walter  J.  Allen,  for  a  part  of  1900-01;  Lieut.  Haydn  S.  Cole,  (re- 
tired) 1901-03;  Maj.  Geo.  H.  Morgan,  1903-0'5;  Capt.  Edward  Siger- 
foos,  1905  to  date.  Capt.  Sigerfoos,  was  recalled  for  a  few  months, 
in  1906,  and  during  his  absence,  the  cadets  were  commanded  by 
Cadet  Lieut.  Col.  Charles  P.  Schouten. 

MILLARD  HALL— Was  completed  in  October,  1892,  at  a  cost 
of  ?61,000.  The  appropriation  for  this  building  was  made  by  the 
legislature  of  1891.  The  building  is  three  stories  high,  with  base- 
ment. Basement  and  first  story  of  red  sandstone.  Upper  stories 
of  cream  colored  brick.  Frontage,  125  feet,  with  28,000  square 
feet  of  floor  space.  From  time  to  time  changes  and  improvements 
have  been  made  in  the  interior  and  at  the  present  date,  it  is  prob- 
able it  could  not  be  reproduced  for  50  per  cent  more  than  the  origi- 
nal cost.  This  building  contains  a  faculty  room,  amphitheatre, 
lecture  roooms  ar.d  laboratories  of  pharmacology,  medicine  and  sur- 
goiy.  The  library  of  the  medical  department  is  also  housed  there 
and  provision  is  made  also  for  the  colleges  of  dentisti-y  and 
homeopathic  medicine  and  surgery.  For  location,  see  plat  of 
campus.  The  name  of  Millard  Hall  was  given  to  this  building  in 
190<5  in  honor  of  Dr.  Perry  H.  Millard,  the  first  dean  of  the  depart- 
ment, it  having  been  previously  known  as  Medical  Hall. 

MILLARD  Medical  Library — By  the  bequest  of  the  late  dean. 
Perry  H.  Miilard,  M.  D.,  who  bequeathed  his  entire  private  medical 
library  to  the  department,  the  department  came  into  possession 
of  a  collection  of  several  hundred  volumes  and  pamphlets,  includ- 
ing many  rare  and  old  medical  worlcs,  sets  of  journals  especially 
rich  in  surgical  works. 

MILLARD,  Perry  H.— Born  in  New  York,  1848.  Graduate  of 
Ogdensburg  educational  institute.  Began  his  medical  practice  in 
1872.  18S1-S2  studied  at  Medical  college  in  London.  One  of  the 
chief  movers  in  the  organization  of  the  department  of  medicine; 
dean  of  the  department,  1S88-92;  dean  of  the  college  of  medicine 
and  surgery  from  that  time  till  'his  death  in  1897;  professor  of 
the  principles  of  surgery  and  medical  jurisprudence.  Medical  Hall 
was  named  "Millard  Hall,"  in  his  honor  by  the  board  of  regents 
in  1906. 

MILLER,  Stephen,  Windom — Regent  ex-offlcio,  governor,  Janu- 
ary 11  to  March  4,  18G4. 

MILLS,   Eugene  C. — Instructor  in  mining,  1896-99. 

MINER,  James  Burt — Born  October  6,  1873,  Berlin,  Wis.  Ber- 
lin high  school,  1892;  B.  S.,  University.  1897;  LL.  B.,  same,  1899; 
M.  S.,  same.  1901;  Ph.  D.,  Columbia,  1903.  Assistant  in  psycholo- 
gy. University,  1900-01;  instructor  in  psychology.  University  of 
Illinois,  1903-04,  had  complete  charge  of  all  the  work  in  psycholo- 
gy in  the  absence  of  the  professor;  instructor  in  philosophy.  Uni- 
versity of  Iowa.  1904-05;  assistant  professor  of  philosophy,  same, 
igOu-Oe;  assistant  professor  of  psychology.  University,  since  1906. 
Author  of  M'otor,  Visual  and  Applied  Rhythms;  A  Case  of  Vision 
Acquired  in  Adult  Life;  The  Changing  Attitude  of  American  Uni- 
versities toward  Psychology;  numerous  reviews  in  philosophical 
and  psychological  journals.  Scholar  in  psychology,  Columbia,  1901- 
02:  Fellow  in  psychology,  same,  1902-0'3;  Fellow  of  American  asso- 
cl-'tion  for  advancement  of  science;  member  of  American  psyoholo- 
ogical  association;  Phi  Beta  Kappa;  Sigma  Xi;  Delta  .Sigma  Rho; 
Zota  Psi.     1319  Fifth  street  southeast. 


148  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

MINERAL  Lands  and  Leases — The  University  lias  lands,  grant- 
ed to  the  state_  f<;r  the  Uiiivei-sity,  bj'  the  national  government, 
which  are  located  in  the  iron  region  of  northern  Minnesota.  It  is 
impossible  to  tell,  with  any  degree  of  exactness,  how  much  of  this 
land  will  prove  to  be  valuable  for  mining  purposes,  but  the  state 
has  already  leased  126  lOs  for  purposes  of  mining.  114  of  these 
are  known  to  be  in  the  iron  bearing  district  and  forty  are  in  the 
Biwabik  formation,  which  is  the  richest  in  iron.  The  law  grant- 
ing the  right  to  take  out  such  leases,  was  suspended  by  the  last 
legislature  and  only  such  permits,  as  were  taken  out  before  the 
suspension  of  the  law,  can  become  leases,  and  these  must  become 
s(.  before  February,  1908,  cr  lapse.  The  state  auditor  has  esti- 
mated the  income  to  the  University,  from  this  source  to  be  any- 
where from  $20,000,000,  up  to  $40,000,000.  The  money  received 
from  these  leases  goes  into  the  permanent  endowment  of  the 
University  and  only  the  income  from  such  endowment  can  be  used 
for  current  expense.  These  leases  are  already  beginning  to  add  to 
the  permanent  endowment  of  the  University  and  within  five  years, 
at  the  outside,  the  amount  so  added  will  be  a  very  respectable  sum 
annually. 

MINERVA  Literary  Society,  The — Organized  by  young  women 
of  the  University  February  2(3,  1895.  This  was  the  first  women's 
literary  society  in  the  University.  The  object  of  the  society  is 
to  promote  among  its  members  ability  to  prepare  and  to  present, 
in  a  way  to  arouse  and  sustain  interest,  a  report  upon  an  assigned 
topic.  Current  events  are  reviewed  and  furnish  frequent  topics 
for  debate  and  informal  discussion.  Extemporaneous  speaking  is 
also  cultivated.  The  work  of  the  society  also  includes  book  re- 
views,  biographies,    dramatic  reviews,   and  original   stories. 

MINES,  School  of,  The — This  school  was  established  in  1888. 
It  existed  as  a  separate  organization  until  1891,  when  it  became 
an  integral  part  of  the  college  of  engineering,  metallurgy  and  the 
mechanic  arts.  In  1890,  another  reorganization  took  place  and 
the  school  of  mines  wa;3  made  an  independent  organization  with 
its  own  course  of  study,  faculty  and  in  1900,  William  R.  Appleby, 
professor  of  metallurgy,  was  made  dean.  This  college  is  housed 
in  the  school  of  mines  building,  and  the  ors-crushing  plant,  both 
located  on  the  river  bank.  This  college  is  one  of  the  best  equipped 
on  the  campus.  Its  faculty  numbers  thirteen  professors,  three 
assistant  professors  and  three  instructors.  Students,  1906-07,  138. 
Tuition  $30  a  year  for  residents  and  double  that  for  non-resident. 
Admission  to  this  school  is  based  upon  the  completion  of  a  full 
hig'h  school  course  with  the  usual  mathematics  and  the  passing  of 
an  examination  upon  the   required   mathematics  at   the  University. 

MINNEAPOLIS  Life  Underwriters  Association  Prize — A  prize 
of  fifty  dollars  is  offered  by  the  Minneapolis  life  underwriter  asso- 
ciation for  the  best  essay  on  life  insurance  written  by  a  senior 
of  the  class  of  1907.     Was  awarded  to  Earl  W.  Huntley. 

MINNESOTA  Academy  of  Social  Sciences,  The — This  is  not  a 
University  organization,  but  its  members  are  so  largely  University 
men  that  it  is  included  in  this  dictionary.  Organized  in  the  spiing- 
of  1907.  The  purposes  of  tiiis  organization,  as  stated  in  its  con- 
stitution, are:  (a)  The  encouragement  of  the  study  of  economic, 
political,  social  and  historical  questions  particularly  affecting  tho 
state  of  Minnesota,  (b)  The  publication  of  papers  and  other  ma- 
terial relating  to  the  same,  (c)  The  holding  of  meetings  for  con- 
ference and  discussion  of  such  questions. 

MINNESOTA  Alumni  Weekly,  The — The  Weekly  was  started 
just    before    commencement    in    June,    1901.      It    was    the    idea    of 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  149 

those  back  vDf  the  movement  to  publish  the  Weekly  by  picking  up, 
bodily,  items  of  news  frum  the  Minnesota  Daily,  that  would  be  of 
special  interest  to  the  alunuii.  The  project  met  such  an  enthu- 
siastic reception  Uiat  it  was  found  possible  to  issue  it  as  an  in- 
dependent publication,  using  only  a  very  limited  amount  of  mate- 
rial picked  up  from  the  Daily.  The  Weekly  was  started  by  its 
first  and  present  editor,  E.  B.  Joimson,  '88,  whose  personal  prop- 
el ry  it  was  until  the  spring  of  190G,  when  he  turned  it  over  to 
the  board  of  directors  of  the  General  alumni  association.  It  is 
now  the  official  publication  of  the  General  alumni  association.  It 
is  issued  weekly  during:  the  college  year,  from  September  to  June. 
The  first  number  was  iysued  September  14,  IftOl.  Sixteen  pages. 
Subscription  price  $1.25  a  year. 

MINNESOTA  Alumni  Weekly  Gold  Medal,  The — This  medal  is 
provided  bv  the  AIin!ie.''ota  Alumni  Weekly  and  is  awarded  annu- 
aliy  by  ihe  faculty  committee  on  debate  and  oratory  to  that  stu- 
dent who  has  made  the  best  record  in  forensics  during  his  college 
course.  This  committee  has  established  certain  general  principles 
which  are  to  govern  the  award  of  this  medal,  as  follows:  The 
medal  shall  only  be  awarded  to  a  student  who  has  shown  himself 
broad-minded,  unselfish,  wliling  to  work  courteously  and  enthusias- 
tically, so  as  to  best  serve  the  interests  of  debate  and  oratory  in 
the  University  and  bring  credit  to  his  alma  mater  and  incidentally 
to  tiimself.  The  recipient  must  be  a  type  and  a  model,  as  nearly 
as  the  student  body  offers  such  a  candidate  each  year,  of  what  a 
man  may  make  himself  through  diligent  application  to  the  duty 
next  at  hand. 

MINNESOTA  Assocldtion  for  Research,  The — This  association 
was  organized  March  9,  1907.  Prnfe.s.=or  Gerould,  the  librarian  is 
tho  permanent  secretary  of  the  organization  and  the  chief  execu- 
tive offifer  and  is  to  provide  a  presiding  officer  for  each  of  the 
seven  meeting  to  be  held  each  year.  The  purpose  of  the  associa- 
tion is  tho  encouragement  and  proseoition  of  original  research  at 
the  University. 

MINNESOTA  Botanical  Studies — Published  by  the  staff  of  the 
botanical  department,  as  a  report  on  the  botanical  division  of  the 
State   geolosica!    and   natural    history   survey. 

MINNESOTA  Dally,  The — This  is  the  official  daily,  publication 
of  the  students  of  the  University.  It  is  owned  and  controlled  by 
the  subscribers  and  is  edited  by  a  board  of  editors  elected  by 
them.  It  is  issued  every  week  day  during  the  college  year,  ex- 
cept Mondays.  The  subscription  price  is  $2  a  year.  Five  columns, 
•four  pages.  The  first  number  of  the  Daily  was  issued  May  1, 
1900. 

MINNESOTA  Daily  News — This  publication  was  started  by  a 
rival  student  organization,  in  Docember,  1903,  who  felt  that  the 
Minnesota  Daily  was  not  fiiiing  the  field  which  it  should  occupy. 
After  a  few  months  this  publication  was  combined  with  the  Min- 
nesota Daily  .and  has  been  issued  under  this  name  since  that 
date. 

MINNESOTA  Debating  Board — This  board  is  provided  for  In 
the  constituMor  of  t!ie  delating  and  oratorical  association  of  the 
University  of  Minnesota.  It  is  made  up  of  four  faculty  and  five 
student  members,  (the  faculty  members  holding  the  balf.nce  of 
power),  and  has  charge  of  all  matters  connected  with  the  stu- 
dent activities  in  these  lines.  The  faculty  members  are  appointed 
by  the  faculty  of  the  college  of  science,  literature  and  the  arts. 


150  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

This  board  is  the  result  of  evolution  running  through  many  years. 
It  was  originated  in  the  idea  of  those  most  closely  connected  with 
debate,  in  the  department  oi  rhetoric,  that  all  departments  of  the 
University  were  interested  in  this  line  of  work  and  that  all  de- 
partr:;ents  were,  in  a  sense,  responsible  for  the  proper  training  of 
Phe  teams  to  represent  the  University.  An  effort  was  made  to  enlist 
the  aid  of  other  departments  and  the  debating  board,  composed 
as  above,  is  the  outgrowth  of  this  movement.  It  is  the  logical, 
and  probably  the  lineal  descendant  of  the  old  oratorical  associa- 
tion, organized  in  1880  and  which  had  charge  of  oratorical  events 
down  through  1897-98,  when  it  was  succeeded  by  the  debating 
board  created  under  a  new  organizaticn.  In  1896,  the  Federated 
literary  societies  undertook  to  look  after  debating  interests.  Up 
to  that  time  debate  had  received  little  encouragement  and  had  no 
organized  backing:. 

MINNESOTA     Literary     Union,    The — See     "Federated    Literary 

Societies." 

MINNESOTA  Magazine,  The — This  publication  was  started  in 
the  fall  of  1894,  by  a  close  corporation  of  members  of  the  senior 
class  of  the  college  of  science,  literature  and  the  arts.  A  monthly 
literary  magazine.  Price  $1  a  year.  In  1906  the  magazine  was 
changed  so  as  to  make  its  board  of  editors  elected  by  the  sub- 
scribers,  from   members   of  the  senior  class. 

MINNESOTA  Medical  Monthly,  The — (Homeopathic)  was  es- 
tablished in  1SS7,  was  published,  as  a  college  magazine,  for  about 
four  years.     Edited  by  Dr.   W.   E.  Leonard. 

MINNESOTA  Seaside  Station,  The — This  station  which  was  es- 
tablished by  Professor  Conway  McMillan,  of  the  department  of 
botany,  though  it  has  no  official  connection  with  the  University, 
is  so  closely  identified  with  the  work  of  the  department  that  it  is 
included  here.  It  is  a  botanical  experiment  station  located  on 
Vancouver  island,  on  a  little  cove  at  the  entrance  of  the  straits 
of  Fuca,  nearly  opposite  Cape  Flattery.  The  post  office  is  Port 
Renfrew,  sixty  miles  north  of  Victoria.  The  station  affords  excel- 
lent provision  for  the  study  of  marine  botany.  Classes  are  or- 
ganized and  work  is  prosecuted  with  enthusiasm  and  vigor  so 
that  much  can  be  accomplished  though  the  time  spent  here  each 
year  is  but  short.  As  a  result  of  the  work  of  this  station,  two 
volumes  of  Postelsia  have  been  published.     See  Postelsia. 

MINNESOTA  Stories— A  volum.e  of  twenty  typical  University 
stories  chosen  mainly  from  the  Minnesota  M'agazine  and  published 
in  1903  by  the  H.  W.  Wilson  Company.  Maroon  cloth  with  half 
tone  plate. 

MINNETONKA  Fruit  Farm,  The— The  Legislature  of  1878, March 
8,  authorized  the  regents  to  purchase  a  fruit  farm  at  Minnetonka 
at  a  cost  of  not  to  exceed  .?2,000.  The  farm,  116  acres,  was  pur- 
chased of  Culver  &  Farrington.  The  money  to  pay  for  this  land 
was  taken  out  of  current  expense  account,  $800,  and  the  balance, 
$l,a00,  from  the  fund  received  from  the  sale  of  the  Congressional 
land  grant  of  July  2,  1862.  The  provisions  of  the  act  required  that 
this  land  be  used  to  conduct  experiments  in  apple  and  other  fruit 
trees,  under  the  direction  of  a  person  to  be  appointed  by  the 
governor  and  an  annual  appropriation,  of  $1,0'00  was  made  for 
carrying  out  the  provisions  of  the  act.  Peter  Gideon,  of  Excelsior, 
who  had  originated  the  Wealthy  apple,  was  appointed  by  the  gov- 
ernor in  conformity  with  the  provisions  of  the  act.  For  ten  years 
this  farm  was  maintained,  and  many  experiments  of  value,  were 
conducted.  The  horticultural  department  of  the  experiment  sta- 
tion was  found  to   be  able  to   carry  on  these  experiments  fully  as 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  15 1 

successfully  as  on  this  farm  and  the  legislature  of  1889.  authorized 
the  regents  to  sell  this  farm,  repealing  the  act  authorizmg  its 
purchase  and  providing  for  carrying  on  experiments  on  the  same. 
The  sale  of  the  farm  was  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  board  of 
regents.  Real  estate  values  fell  and  the  regents  were  unable  to 
make  a  sale  upon  terms  that  seemed  as  satisfactoiy  until  1896, 
when  forty  acres  were  Fold  for  $8,000.  The  last  sale  was  made  in 
December,  1901.  and  the  total  amount  realized  from  the  sale 
was  $16  169.43.  Of  this  sum  $1,309.10,  were  turned  back  into  the 
permanent  University  fund,  to  reimburse  that  fund  for  money 
advanced  on  the  purchase  price  of  the  farm,  the  balance  going 
in:o  the  general  University  current  expense  fund.  This  was  tlie 
first  purchase  of  land,  made  tor  strictly  experimental  purposes, 
in 'connection  with  the  University  or  any  of  its  departments,  other 
purchases  having  been  made  for  illustrative  purposes  m  connec- 
tion with  instruction. 

Ml  NOT,  N.  D.— The  alumni  of  Minot  have  an  association.  C. 
B.  Bach,  president  and  Sam  H.   Clark,   secretary. 

NIOAK,  Clarence  Britt— Born  June  25,  1884,  Minneapolis.  East 
high  school  and  School  of  agriculture.  Assistant  in  dairy  labora- 
to-y.  Dairy  .«choo1,  1899-01;  instructor  in  charge  of  dairy  labora- 
tory', 19fll   to  date.     72  North  Sixteenth  street. 

MONSON,  George  S.— Student  assistant  in  dental  technics  1892- 
93:  D.  M.  D.— instructor  in  prosthetic  technics,  and  orthodontia, 
1893-96. 

MONTGOMERY,  Louise— Instructor  in  rhetoric,  1890-92.  Grad- 
uate of  the  University  class  of  1889,  now  head  of  social  settlement 
woriv  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

MOORE,  A.   L.— Dental  infirmary  clerk,  1903  to  date. 
MOORE,   Ira— Irstructor  in  mathematics  in  the  preparatory  de- 
partment   of   the   University,    1867-69. 

MOORE,  James  Edward-Born  March  2.  1852  Clarksvine.  Pa 
Public  schools  of  Pennsylvania;  three  years  in  Poland.  Ohio  Union 
reminarv  University  of  Michigan,  1871-72;  M.  D..  Bellevue  hos- 
pital meiical  college.  NOW  York  City,  1873.  ^^^^'-'^^^j'^.^'^l''^, 
pedic  surgery,  1888-90;  professor  orthopedic  surgery  and  clinical 
surgery  1890  04;  professor  of  surgery,  1904  to  date.  Author  of 
Moore's  Orthopedic  Surgery.  1898;  editor  of  department  of  Surgical 
Snlc  in  American  Practice  of  Surgery.  1907;  frequent  contributor 
to  other  books  and  surgical  and  medical  journals.  Fellow  of  the 
American  surgical  assolia.ticn;  Surgeon-in-chief,  to  Northwestern 
hospital.     794  Pillsbury  building. 

MOORE,  John  G.-BornatSchney,Germany,November  12  1848^ 
Early  education  in  schools  of  Schney;  came  ^^  United  States 
when  quite  yourg  and  entered  Mexico,  N.  Y..  Academy.  Cornell 
miversitv.  1873:  instructor  in  German,  1873-74;  professor  of  North 
European  languages,  1874-79;  professor  of  modern  languages.  18-9- 
Sn;  professor  of  German  language  and  ^'terature  188^  to  date^ 
q.jdier  '.n  the  181lh  New  York  volunteers,  during  the  war  of  tn« 
SbelUon  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Member  of  the 
Minneapolis'  boa?d  of  education.  1869-90;  Public  library  board. 
1890-90;  president  of  the  Board  of  corrections  and  chanties.  1899- 
03.     2810  University  avenue  southeast.  ,     ,o^r     tvt<,  tm 

MOORHEAD.  Martha  B.— Born  December  5.  1865.  Milan.  III. 
Educated  at  Blairsville  college  (formerly  Uadies'  seminary);  Medi- 
cal college  of  Penn.'iylvanla;  New  England  hospital;  Northwestern 
hospital.  Teacher.  Blairsville  ladies'  seminary.  Lecturer  In  do- 
mestic hygiene,  School  of  agriculture,  since  January.  1903.  914 
Second    avenue   south. 


152  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

MORGAN,  George  H.— Born  at  St.  Catherines,  Ont.,  January  1, 
1856,  arrived  in  Territory  of  Minn.,  1S5G,  lived  at  St.  Paul  one 
year,  then  with  parents  moved  to  St.  Anthony.  Early  schooling, 
public  school  of  St.  Anthony  and  Minneapolis  and  University.  Ap- 
pointed to  West  Point  1876  from  the  old  3rd  district.  Graduated 
from  Military  academy,  1880.  Appointed  2nd  lieutenant  3rd  U.  S. 
Cavalry.  Served  with  the  regiment  until  June,  1903,  passing 
through  the  grades  of  1st  lieutenant  and  captain;  is  now  Major 
9th  U.  S.  Cavalry.  Served  with  the  3rd  Cavalry  in  Wyoming,  Ari- 
zona and  Texas.  Breveted  1st  lieutenant  and  medal  of  honor  in 
campaign  against  Apaches  in  Arizona,  1882.  In  1891  detailed  to 
the  University  for  four  years.  Rejoined  3rd  Cavalry  in  1895.  Cam- 
paign of  Siantiago,  1898.  Appointed  Major  2Sth  A^ol.  Infantry,  1899 
and  served  with  that  regiment  in  the  Philippines  until  musterea 
out  May  1,  1901.  Detailed  at  the  University  of  Minn.  August  i, 
1903,    recalled   by  government  in   1905.      Now   in  the   Philippines. 

MORRILL  Bill— This  bill  became  a  law  August  30,  1890  .The  bill 
is  "An  act  to  apply  a  portion  of  the  proceeds  of  the  public  lands 
to  the  more  complete  endowment  and  support  of  the  colleges  for 
the  benefit  of  agricultu-/e  and  mechanic  arts,  established  under 
the  provisions  of  an  act  of  Congress  approved  July  2,  1862."  It 
is  directed  to  the  better  support  of  agricultural  education,  rather 
than  investigation,  save  as  investigation  is  a  part  of  education. 
Under  it.-s  provisions  the  University  receives  annually  $25,000.  Orig- 
inally the  bill  provided  foi  an  annual  appropriation  of  $15,O0'0,  with 
an  increase  of  $1000  each  year  until  the  sum  reached  the  $2'5,<}0'(L 
which  the  bill  now  carries. 

MOSES  MARSTON  SCHOLARSHIP  IN  ENGLISH,  THE— 
FiJends  and  pupils  of  the  late  Professor  Marston.  Ph'.  D.,  have 
given  and  pledged  one  thousand  dollars  as  a  meinorial  fund.  The 
annual  income  of  the  fund  is  used  to  help  som.e  student  in  the 
long  Englisn  course.  The  award  is  made  on  the  basis  of  pecuni- 
ary need  and  of  deserving  scholarship. 

The  benefits  of  the  scholarship  have  been  enjoyed  by  the  fol- 
lowing named  students:  Clarence  Ellithorpe,  1895-96,  Sivert  Jor- 
dahl,  1896-97;  Isabel  D.  Parker,  1897-98;  Ethel  C.  Brill,  1898-99; 
Edward  O.  Ringstad,  1899-00;  Allen  R.  Benham,  1902-03;  Amanda 
I.,ucas,  1906-07.  The  fund  has  increased  through  interest  pay- 
ments until  now  it  is  pi-actically   $1,200. 

MULLIN,  Robert  Hyndman — Born  January  24,  1877,  Hamilton, 
Ont.,  Canada.  Graduate  of  Collegiate  institute,  Hamilton;  B.  A., 
University  of  Toronto,  1899;  M.  B.,  same,  1902;  licenciate  of  the 
College  of  physicians  and  surgeons  of  Ontario,  1902.  Assistant 
drfmonstraljor  of  pathoiog^',  lUniversity  'of  I'^oronto,  one  year. 
Demonstrator  of  pathology  and  bacteriology,  University,  1904 -0i6; 
senior  demonstrator  of  pathology  and  bacteriology,  1906  to  date. 
Clinical  nssistant  of  Rockwood's  hospital  for  the  insane,  Kingston, 
Ont.,  and  interne,  Toronto  general  hospital,  one  year;  assistant 
bacteriologist  of  the  Provincial  board  of  health  laboratories,  Ont. 
Member  of  Alpha  Delta  Phi;  Nu  .Sigma  Nu;  Sigma  Xi;  Hennepin 
county  medical  society;  Minneapolis  medical  club.  827  University 
avenue   southeast. 

MURRAY,  William  R.~Eorn  April  6,  1869,  Marquette,  Mich.  Ph. 
B.  Michigan;  M.  D.,  Rush  Medical,  Chicago.  Instructor  in  oph- 
thalmology and  otology.  University,  1902-05;  clinical  professor  of 
diseases  of  nose  and  throat,  1905  to  date.  Contributor  to  genera] 
and  special  medical  journals      510  Pillsbury  building. 

MUSEUIVS — In  addition  to  the  general  University  museum,  spe- 
cial museums  are  being  brought  together,  by  various  departments, 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  153 

as  follows:  ngriculture,  botany,  chemistry,  civil  engineering,  classi- 
cal, electrical  engineering,  engineering  mathematics,  English, 
mathematics,  meclianical  engineering,  geology  and  mineralogy,  the 
Williams  collection  of  photographs  and  photographic  negatives,  and 
zoology.     See  under  heads  indicated. 

MUSICAL  Federation,  The — This  is  an  organization  of  the  mu- 
sical interests  in  the  University  and  has  as  its  object  the  promo- 
tion of  the  interests  of  each  of  the  organizations  represented  and 
further,  the  promotion  of  the  musical  interests  of  the  University, 
and  an  effort  to  arouse  a  gi-eater  interest  in  such  matters  and  to 
secure  if  possible  oflicinl  recognition  of  music  as  a  part  of  the 
regular  college  -curriculum,   in  greater  degree  than  in  the  past. 

NACHTRIEB,  Henry  Francis — Born  May  11,  iS57,  near  Gallon, 
Ohio.  Pubiic  schools  and  German  Wallace  college  and  Baldwin  uni- 
versity B.  S.,  University,  1882;  graduate  student  at  Johns  Hopkins, 
Absista'nt  in  botany  and  zoology,  1385-86;  assistant  in  zoology, 
1886-87;  professor  of  animal  biology,  1SS7  to  date;  zoologist  of  the 
geological  and  natural  history  survey  and  Curator  of  the  zoological 
museum  since  1887.  Author  of  Preliminary  notes  on  the  Develop- 
ment of  Echinoderms  of  Beaufort:  Notes  on  Echinoderms  Obtained 
at  Beaufort,  N.  C:  A  New  Waterbath;  Permanent  Preparations 
in  Hermetically  Sealed  Tubes;  Freshwater  Zoological  Stations;  The 
Megalops:  reviews  of  text  books,  etc.;  editor  of  the  zoological 
series  of  the  Minnesota  geological  and  natural  history  survey. 
Fellow  of  the  American  as.5ociation  for  the  advancement  of  sci- 
ence; member  of  the  American  society  of  zoologists,  Central  branch; 
American  breeders'  association;  American  association  of  museums; 
Washington  academy  of  sciences;  St.  Anthony  commercial  club. 
905    Sixth   street    southeast. 

NEILL,  C.  K. — Uecturer  (homeopathic)  on  skin  and  genito-uri- 
nary  diseases,  1003-04;  professor,  same,  1901  to  date.  Medical 
building. 

NEILL,  Edward  D.,  St.  Paul — Regent  ex-officio,  state  superin- 
tendent of  public  in.struction,  February  2S,  I860',  to  March  4,  1864. 
Urder  the  form  of  organization  then  in  force,  Mr.  Neill  was  chan- 
cellor of  the  University  as  well  as  regent  and  superintendent  of 
public  in^:trllction. 

NELSON.  Benjamin  F.— Appointed  regent  in  1905;  term  expires 
1910.  Bom  May  4.  1843,  Greenup  county,  Ky.  Educated  in  the 
public  schools.  Enlisted  and  served  as  a  Confederate  .^oldicr  in 
2nd  Kentucky  Cavalry;  prisoner  at  Camp  Douglas.  Chicago,  at 
close  of  war.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  September,  1SC5;  associated 
in  lumber  business  until  1873.  when  he  took  up  the  business  on 
his  own  account;  member  of  the  Nelson-Tuthill  lumber  co.;  presi- 
dent of  the  Leach  Lake  lumber  co.;  B.  F.  NeLson  &  sons  co.;  Leech 
nepin  paper  co.;  Nelson  paper  co.;  B.  F.  Nelson  &  sons  co.;  Leech 
Lake  land  co.;  vice-president  of  the  Spokane  lumber  co.;  director 
In  Swedish  American  National  Bank;  First  National  Bank  of  Walk- 
er; trustee  Swedish  Savings  Bank;  trustee  and  vice-president  of 
Hamlinc  University;  .ex-alderman;  member  of  park  board,  board  of 
education,  board  of  managers  of  State  prison.  Member  of  the 
State  historical  association. 

NELSON  BILL — The  Nelson  bill  Is  practically  an  amendment  to 
the  M'oriill  bill,  which  was  for  the  encouragement  of  agricultural 
education,  ?s  distinct  fvom  agricultural  investigation.  It  was  ap- 
proved March  4,  1907,  and  appropriated  $5, 000  for  1907,  and  $5,000 
more  for  each  of  the  following  four  years,  until  it  reaches  a  maxi- 
mum of  $25,0010,  doubling'  the  appropriation  carried  by  the  Morrill 


154  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

bill.  The  money  provided  by  this  bill  is  to  be  used  strictly  for 
agricultural  education  and  no  part  of  it  can  go  for  general  ex- 
penses,  to  include  the  mechanic  arts. 

NELSON,  Knute,  Alexandria — Appointed  regent,  1882,  re-ap- 
pointed 1SS4.  1SS7.  1890  for  six  years;  became  gover.ior  of  the  state, 
and  so  regent  ex-officio,  January  16,  1893,  holding  this  office  until 
January,  1895.  Elected  United  States  senator  in  1895,  re-elected  in 
1901  and  1907. 

NELSON  Law  Library — This  is  a  rare  collection  of  fifteen  hun- 
dred volumes,  donated  to  the  University  of  the  Honorable  R.  R. 
Nelson,  of  St.  Paul,  upon  retirement  from  the  federal  bench.  It 
contains  many  old  English  reports,  in  addition  to  those  already 
mentionea,    and  many   ancient    treatises   upon   common   iaw. 

NELSON,  Mark  O. — Demonstrator  of  prosthetic  dentistry,  1895- 
96. 

NELSON.   Socrates,   Stillwater— Regent,   1851-59. 

NESS,   J.   A, — Instructor  in   Scandinavian  and  Latin,   1891-93. 

NEWKIRK,  Burt  L. — Assistant  professor  of  engineering  mathe- 
matics, 1907  to  date. 

NEWKIRK,  Harris  D. — Assistant  in  (homeopathic)  clinical 
medicine  and  physical  diagnosis,  1903-04. 

NEWTON,  Harold  M.— Student  assistant  in  chemistry,  1904- 
07;  instructor  in  chemistry,  1907  to  date. 

NEW  YORK  CITY — Eastern  Alumni  Association  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Minnesota.  President,  Henry  Johnson,  '89;  first  vice-presi- 
dent, Susan  li.  Olmstead,  '88;  second  vice-prasident,  Roy  V. 
Wright,  '98;  .secretary-treasurer,  F.  Amos  Johnson,  '86.  The  offi- 
cials constitute  a  board  of  directors  who  have  general  charge  of 
the  affairs  of  this  association. 

NICHOLS,  Charles  Washburn— Born  June  20,  1883,  Belchertown, 
Mass.  B.  A.,  Yale,  1905;  one  year  in  Harvard  and  one  year  in 
Yale  graduate  schools;  M.  A.,  Yale,  1907.  Instructor  in  rhetoric 
since  1907.  Author  of  Yale  university  prize  poem  of  1907,  "Roland 
and  Aude,"  a  verse  play.  Published  August,  1907.  83  3  Eighth 
avenue  southeast. 

NICHOLS,  John,  St.  Paul— Appointed  regent  March  4,  1868,  serv- 
ing on  the  special  board  of  three  until  February  18,  1868.  Ap- 
pointed under  the  re-organization  March  2,  1868,  and  served  until 
day  of  his  aeath,   July   29,    L873,   having  been  re-appointed   in   1871. 

NICHOLSON,  Edward  E. — Instructor  in  chemistry,  1895-97;  as- 
sistant professor  since   1897.     914   Seventh   street  southeast. 

NICKERSON,    B.   S.— Instructor  in   chemistry,   1902-03. 

NICKERSON,  Margaret  L.— Assistant  in  histology,  1897-98;  in- 
structor in   histology,   1S9S   to  date.     217  Beacon  street  southeast. 

NICKERSON,  Winfield  S.— Instructor  in  histology,  1897-98; 
demonstrator  in  histology,  1S98-99;  assistant  professor  of  histology 
since  1809.     217  Beacon  street  southeast. 

NINETY  (Class  of)  Fellowship— The  class  of  1890  attempted  to 
establish  a  fellowship,  at  giaduation,  as  a  class  memorial.  It  was 
honed  to  make  the  fellowship  an  annual  affair  and  plans  were 
made  and  an  agreement  entered  into  with  the  University  fellow- 
ship association  to  bring  this  about.  The  plans  did  not  work  out 
of  the  obligation  which  it  had  incurred.  This  request  was  grant- 
ed and  the  class  committee  took  charge.  In  1902,  this  committee 
found   themselves   in   possession   of   funds   sufficient   to   award    the 


UNIVERSITY  OP  MINNE^SOTA.  155 

fellowship  and  Charles  E.  Stangeland,  of  the  class  of  1901,  was  ap- 
pointed. Mr.  Stangeland  spent  the  year  in  Germany,  raaking  his 
main  line  of  work  economics,  studying  with  Schmaller,  "Wagner 
and  Sering;  the  secondary  lines  were  in  politics,  where  he  studied 
with  Gierke  and  von  Martels,  and  anthropology,  studying  with 
von  Luschan.  His  thesis  was  upon  "Pre-Malthusian  Doctrines  of 
Population  "  Whether  the  class  will  offer  another  fellowship  is 
an  open   question. 

NIXON,  Lilh'an — Instructor  in  rhetoric,  1904-06.  Did  graduate 
work   at   Columbia   university,   190G-07. 

NIPPERT,  Louis  A. — Clinical  instructor  in  medicine,  1S98-03; 
clinical  prolessor  of  medicine,  1003  to  date.     Syndicate  Arcade. 

NOOTNAGEL,  Charles — Assistant  in  clinical  medicine,  1894-99, 
clinical  professor,  same,  1899-0<3;  clinical  professor  of  medicine  and 
physical  diagnosis,   1906   to  date.     1037  Andrus  building. 

NORRIS,  Elizabeth  May — Instructor  in  freehand  drawing,  1901- 
03. 

NORTH,  John  W.,  St.  Anthony — Treasurer,  but  not  a  member, 
of  the  board  of  regents  during  its  organization  from  1S51-G0.  To 
Colonel  North,  more  than  to  any  other  one  man,  belongs  the  credit 
of  starting  Ihe  movement  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of 
the  University  of  Minnesota.  He,  it  was,  who  framed  the  act 
which  was  adopted  by  the  University  February  13,  1851,  as  the 
charter  of  the  University. 

NORTHERN  Oratorical  League,  The — Is  composed  of  the  ora- 
tories: 1  associations  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  Northwestern 
university,  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  Oberlin  college,  the  State 
University  of  Iowa,  the  University  of  Chicago,  and  the  University  of 
Minnesota.  Its  purpose  is  to  foster  an  interest  in  public  speaking  and 
to  elevate  the  standard  of  oratory  by  holding  annual  contests. 
The  contests  are  open  only  to  undergraduates.  Minnesota  was 
admitted  to  this  league  in  1899.  Joseph  W.  Beach  now  assistant 
professor  of  English,  was  Minnesota's  first  representative  in  this 
league,  he  won  fifth  place  in  the  contest.  In  1900,  W.  M.  Jerome, 
represented  Minnesota,  and  was  awarded  fourth  place.  In  subse- 
quent yesLVs,  Minnesota  has  been  represented  successively  by  T. 
D.  Schall,  v,ho  stood  fifth;  by  T.  D.  Schall,  who  won  first  place 
in  the  league  contest;  in  1903,  G.  P.  Jones,  went  as  Minnesota's 
representative  end  won  third  piace;  the  next  year  Mr.  Jones  again 
represented  Minnesota  and  won  first  place;  in  1905,  Theodore 
Christianson.  represented  Aliiinesota  and  was  awarded  secona 
place;  in  1906,  Lucile  Way  represented  Minnesota  and  won  fifth 
place;  in  1907,  Vivian  Colgrove  was  Minnesota's  representative 
and  was  given  fifth  place  in  the  League  contest. 

NORTHROP,  Cyrus— Born  September  30,  1834,  at  Ridgefield, 
Conn.  Vale.  1S5T;  Yale  law  school,  '59;  LL,.  D.,  Yale,  '86;  same, 
University  of  Wisconsin,  1904;  same,  Illinois  college,  '04;  same. 
South  Carolina  college,  '05.  Admitted  to  bar  of  Connecticut,  1860; 
clerk  of  the  Connecticut  House  of  Representatives,  1861;  senate, 
1862;  editor  of  the  New  Haven  Palladium,  1863;  professor  of  rhe- 
toric and  English  literature,  Yale,  1863-84;  President  of  the  Univer- 
sity i?ince  18i4.  Ex-officio  a  member  of  the  board  of  regents  same 
time  For  biographical  sketches,  see  Gopher  of  1899,  pp.  19-32; 
for  a  study  of  his  personality,  see  Gopher  of  1901,  pp.  234-241. 
Pi-esident  Northrop  has  been  in  almost  constant  demand  for  public 
addresses  since  coming  to  the  University.  He  has  lectured  to 
the  students  upon  Shakespereaa  topics,  mainly.  At  national  m.eet- 
ings  of  various  church  bodies,  particularly  the  Congregational,   he 


IS6  DICTIONARY  OP  THE 

has  had  a  leading  part  and  his  addi'esses  upon  sucla  occasions 
have  iisual'y  struck  the  key  note  of  tlie  occasions.  His  short 
talks    to   students   after   chapel   have    made    their   impress   on   the 


President  Northrop. 


lives  of  the  vast  throngs  of  students  who  have  been  privileged 
to  hear  them.  He  has  published  nothing  but  pamphlets  of  his 
various  addresses.  Phi  Beta  Kappa;  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon.  519 
Tenth  avenue  soutlieast. 

NORTHROP  Field— An  enclosed  athletic  field  containing  about 
six  acrey,  immediately  adjoining  the  armory.  It  is  suirounded 
by  a  high  iorick  vi^all,  the  gift  of  A.  F.  Pillsbury,  I.aw  '94,  and  ib 
one  of  the  finest  athletic  fields  in  the  country.  The  whole  en- 
closure is  covered  with  turf;  and  excellent  running  tracks,  a  base- 
ball diamond  and  tennis  and  football  grounds  are  laid  out.  The 
grandstand  and  bleechers  will  provide  seats  for  from  fifteen  to 
twenty   thousand. 

The  acquiring  of  this  magnificent  field  is  due  largely  to  (Gov- 
ernor Pillsbury,  who  purchased  six  lots  between  Union  and  Har- 
vard streets  and  between  Arlington  street  and  University  avenue. 
He  enlisted  the  aid  of  some  prominent  alumni  in  the  city,  and 
secured  the  vacation  of  Union  street  from  Arlington  to  University 
avenue   and   of  Arlington    street   from  Harvard   to    the  river.      The 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  157 

state  purchased  four  lots,  thus  givhig  the  University  the  whole 
block  and  the  vacated  streets,  to  be  added  to  the  original  field, 
which  extended  to  Union  street  only.  The  gift  was  planned  by 
Governor  Tillsbury  and  was  consummated  by  his  heirs,  after  his 
death. 

NORTHV/ESTERN  Bible  Seminary,  The — This  is  an  organiza- 
tion which  has  been  decided  upon  by  the  Disciples  of  Christ.  It  is 
to  be  located  near  the  campus,  and  its  object  is  to  provide  young 
men  and  women  who  are  members  of  the  Christian  church,  and 
others  w!io  may  be  interested,  an  opportunity  to  supplement  their 
regular  University  work  with  certain  courses  necessary  to  the 
training  for  the  ministry.  The  promoters  of  the  plan  l;ave  ex- 
pressed themselves  as  determined  to  keep  the  scope  of  the  instruc- 
tion of  such  broad  character  as  to  make  it  strictly  undenomina- 
tional and  they  stand  ready  to  eo-operate  with  any  other  church 
organization  in  any  work  thct  may  be  undertaken  tor  the  strength- 
eninij  of  the  religious  lite  of  the  University.  The  seminary  is  to 
be  opened  for  students  in  the  fall  of  1908. 

NOYES,  Daniel  R.,  St.  Paul— Appointed  regent  December  12, 
1904.  Term  expires  March,  1910.  Wholesale  druggist,  member  of 
the  firm  of  Noyes  Brothers  &  Cutler.  Born  November  10,  1836, 
Ljnne,  Conn.  Volunteer  in  Civil  War;  founded  present  business 
house  in  1SG9;  connected  with  numerous  commercial  and  public 
institutions;  trustee  of  Carleton  college  for  thirty-two  years;  was 
vice-moderator  of  the  Presbyterian  general  assembly,  1902;  mem- 
ber of  the  committee  for  the  revision  of  the  creed;  vice-president 
of  the  American  Sunday  School  Union;  member  of  the  Society  of 
colonial  wa"s;  Sons  of  the  American  revolution;  American  social 
science  association;  American  historical  association;  National  geo- 
grapnical  society.     366   Summit  avenue,   St.   Paul. 

NOYES,  William  A. — Instructor  in  chemistry,  1882-83. 
NU     SIGMA    NU — Medical    fraternity.      Epsilon    chapter    estab- 
lished in   1891.     Founded   at  Michigan   in   1869.     1314    Fourth  street 
southeast. 

NUZUM,   Helen   B. — Assistant  in  clinical  obstetrics,  1897-98. 
OBERHOFFER,    EM  I L— Professor  of  music,   1902  to  date.     Pro- 
fessional musician  in  this  city. 

O'BRIEN,  Christopher  Dillon— Born  December  4,  1848,  Galway, 
Ireland.  Attended  various  public  and  private  schools.  General  law- 
practice.  Uocture  on  criminal  law  and  procedure,  1888  to  date. 
21'!  Globe  building,   St.   Paul. 

O'BRIEN,  Henry  J.— Clinical  professor  of  surgery,  1902  to  date. 
Dowry  Arcade,    St.   Paul. 

O'BRIEN,  Thomas  D.— Born  DaPointc,  Wis.,  February  14,  18159. 
Admitted  to  state  bar,  1880;  state  insurance  commissioner.  Spe- 
cia'  lecturer  upon  the  proper  exercise  by  the  state  of  its  police 
power,  college  of  law,  1907  to  date.  635  Dincoln  avenue,  St.  Paul. 
OESTUUND,  Oscar  W.— Born  September  27,  1857,  Attica,  Ind. 
Augustana  college,  Rock  Island,  111.;  University  of  Minnesota;  A. 
B  Augustana,  1879;  M.  A.,  same,  1SS7;  Ph.  D.,  same,  1900.  Ento- 
mologist of  the  geological  and  natural  history  survey  of  Minne- 
sota- Entomologist  of  the  Horticultural  society  of  Minnesota.  En- 
tomologist and  assistant,  1884-85;  entomologist  of  the  natural  his- 
tory survey  1885  to  date;  assistant  and  instructor,  animal  biology, 
1891 -1906;  assistant  professor,  same,  1906  to  date.  Author  of  Dist 
of  Aphididae  of  Minnesota;  Synopsis  of  Aphididae  of  Minnesota; 
Dabcratory  Guide  in  Entomology;  Papers  before  the  Minnesota 
Academy  of  science  and  in  Entomological  News.  Eurena,  P.  O., 
Lake  M'innetonka. 


158  DICTIONARY   OF  THE 

OGDEN,  Benjamin  Harvey — Born  February  11,  ISCO.  Three 
Rivers,  Mich.  A.  B.,  Carleton,  1881;  M.  D.,  Hannemann,  Philadel- 
phia, 1885;  A.  M.,  Carleton,  1886.  Principal  of  high  school,  1881-82. 
Professor  of  obstetrics,  college  of  homeopathic  medicine  and  sur- 
gery, since  188S.  Author  of  various  articles  written  for  various 
medical  societies  and  joarnals.  On  the  surgical  and  gynecological 
staff  of  Se.  Joseph's,  St.  Luke's  and  City  and  County  hospitals 
of  St.  Paul.     Pittsburg  building,  St.  Paul. 

OHAGE,  Justus — Professor  of  clinical  surgery,  1897  to  date.  59 
Irvine  Park,   St.  Paul. 

OLD  Days  at  Minnesota — By  Professors  John  S.  Clark  and  Johii 
C.  Hutchinson,  Gopher  of  1208,  pp.   a2-;^5. 

OLDEST  Graduate — The  first  class  to  graduate  was  that  of  1873, 
which  consisted  of  two  members,  bot.h  of  whom-  are  living.  War- 
ren Clark  Eustis,  a  physician  living  at  Owatonna,  Minn.,  and 
Henry  Martyn  Williamson,  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Oregon 
Agriculturist,    of   Portland,    Ore. 

OLD  MAIN,  The — R.  S.  Alden,  architect.  Contract  let  for  west 
wing,  August  9.  1856,  to  Alden,  Cutler  &  Hall,  for  $49,600.  No 
money  in  sight  for  paying  for  this  building,  but  public  opinion  de- 
manded it  and  with  property  advancing  as  it  was  at  that  time  the 
regents  figured  that  they  could  pay  for  the  building  by  mortgaging 
the  campus  for  $i;5,0O0;   notes  from  sale  of  stumpage,   ?20,000;   salt 


Old  Main. 

of  old  buildings,  $2,500;  bonds  authorized  by  the  legislature,  $10,000, 
making  n  total  of  $57,500,  to  meet  a  certain  indebtedness  of  $01,000 
— Contract  price  for  building  and  bonds  secured  on  campus,  $15,00'0. 
Making  the  liabilities  $7,100  in  excess  of  assets.  The  terrible 
panic  of  3  857  came  on,  land  values  fell  off,  the  Rum  River,  along 
which  the  lumber  for  which  stumpage  notes  were  held  by  the  re- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


IS9 


gents,  was  located,  dried  up  and  that  source  of  revenue  was  cut  off. 
The  legislature  of  iSoS  authorized  the  issuing  of  bonds  for  $40,000, 
secured  on  lands  in  Pine,  Mille  Lacs,  and  Sherburne  counties,  of 
the  congressional  grant.  Only  $34,200  was  realized  from  this  sale 
as  the  interest  on  the  bonds,  $5,800,  had  to  be  paid  in  advance. 
In  ISGO,  the  legislature  wiped  the  old  organization  oft  the  slate  and 
appointed  three  regents,  Messrs.  Pillsbury,  Merriman,  and 
Nichols,  with  power  to  settle  the  debts  of  the  institution,  which 
the  amounted  to  over  $72,000,  bearing  interest  at  12  per  cent, 
By  1S64,  this  board  wass  able  to  report  the  debts  cleared  off  and 
a  small  surplus  on  hand.  The  building  and  campus,  had  thus 
cost  the  Slate,  in  round  figures,  $12i5,00O.  The  building  was  com- 
pleted, the  east  end  remaining  in  rough,  unfinished  state  and  the 
whole  wing  falling  into  general  disrepair,  until  1867,  when  the 
legislature  voted  $15,000  for  repairs.  This  was  the  first  direct  ap- 
propriation ever  made  for  the  University  by  the  legislature.  The 
main  portion  of  the  building  was  built  from  an  appropriation  of 
$37,500,  made  in  1872,  and  was  finished  so  that  the  main  hall  was 
occupied  for  commencement  in  June,  1875.  A  portion  of  the  west 
wing  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1891;  the  top  floor  of  the  main  por- 
tion of  tlie  building  was  burned  in  1892;  the  building  was  totally 
destroyed  by  fire  September  24,  1904. 

OLD   UNIVERSITY  FARM— See  Experimental  Farm. 

OLIVER,   E.   C. — Instructor  in  machine  design,  1902-06. 

OLSEN,  John  W.,  St.  Paul — Regent  ex-ofHcio,  state  superinten- 
dent of  public  instruction  January  25,  1901-09.  Born  at  Copen- 
hagen, r-enmark,  April  23,  1864;  came  to  America  in  1871;  Albert 
Lea  high  school;  Valparaiso,  Ind.,  College,  B.  .S.,  1887;  taught 
country  schools  and  was  principal  of  village  school  to  1890;  county 
superintendent,  Freeborn  county,  1891-01;  state  superintendent, 
1901  to  date.     706  RobertL^  street,   St.  Paul. 

OMEGA    PS! — An   inter-sorority  which   was   organized   in  , 

but  which  has   ceased  to  exist. 

ONE- MILE  Liquor  Law,  The — A  state  law  provides  that  "it 
shall  be  imlawful  for  any  person  to  sell  or  dispose  of  any  spirit- 
uous, vinous,  or  malt  liquors  within  the  distance  of  one  mile  of 
the  Main  Building  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  as  now  lo- 
cated in  the  city  of  M'iiineapolis;  provided,  that  the  provisions  of 
this  section  shall  not  apply  to  that  part  of  the  city  of  Minneapolis 
lying  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi  river." 

ORATIONS — A  book  of  152  pages  published  by  Johnson  Broth- 
ers and  Ames,  in  1886.  It  contains  a  complete  file  of  all  orations 
delivered  at  the  Minnesota  inter-collegiate  oratorical  'Contestt, 
from  the  beginning  ISSl  to  18S0.     Bound  in  red  cloth. 

ORATORICAL  Association,  The — This  association  was  organized 
in   ISSO. 

ORATORY — The  University  oratorical  association  was  oiganized 
in  1880,  for  the  purpose  of  fostering  the  spirit  of  oratory  in  the 
L'^ni^■erslly  and  for  holding  contests  to  choose  representatives  to 
compete  in  the  state  league  which  held  an  annual  contest  for  the 
purpose  of  selecting  a  representative  to  represent  Minnesota  in 
the  inter-state  contest  held  each  year.  The  state  league  was  made 
up  of  the  University  and  Carleton,  and  later,  in  1883,  Hamline 
came  into  the  league.  At  first  Minnesota  was  represented  by 
-  three  orators  in  the  state  league,  but  with  the  coming  of  Hamline, 
the  number  was  reduced  to  two.  In  1881,  Owen  Morris,  a  Carleton 
man,  won  first  place  and  the  honor  of  representing  the  state, 
though    Minnesota    representatives    won    second,    third    and    fourth 


l6o  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

places,  C.  M.  Webster,  W.  W.  Clark  and  F.  B.  Snyder,  coming  in 
the  order  mentioned.  In  1882,  Minnesota  won  first,  fourth  and  fifth 
places,  her  representatives  being-  W.  W.  Clark,  S.  L.  Trussoll  and 
J.  C.  Wilson,  coming  in  the  order  named.  In  18S3,  Minnesota  won 
first  and  second  places,  F.  N.  Stacy,  then  a  freshman,  and  S.  I>. 
Catherwood,  coming  in  the  order  mentioned.  In  1884,  the  same 
result  was  secured  and  the  University  was  represented  by  John  W. 
Bennett  and  James  Uray,  in  the  order  mentioned.  In  1885,  Carle- 
ton  college  dropped  out  of  the  league  and  Minnegola  took  second, 
third  and  fourth  places,  being  represented  by  F.  N.  Stacy,  T.  E. 
Trussell,  and  E.  R.  McKinney.  In  1886,  the  University  took  first, 
second  and  sixth  places  and  was  represented  by  N.  M.  Cross,  F. 
N.  Stacy,  and  G.  E.  Burnell.  In  18S7,  the  University  was  repre- 
sented by  A.  B.  Gould.  J.  I).  Hinshaw  and  Edward  Winterer,  and 
won  first  and  second  places.  In  1888,  the  University  was  repre- 
sented by  J.  E.  Erf  and  P.  R.  Benson,  who  won  second  and  third 
places  respectively.  Macalester  was,  at  this  time,  admitted  into 
the  league,  and  signalized  her  entrance  by  carrying  off  first  honors. 
In  1SS9,  Minnesota  was  represented  by  H.  D.  Dickinson  and  T.  G. 
Scares,  who  won  first  and  second  places  respectively.  In  1890, 
the  University  was  represented  by  B.  H.  Timberlake  and  H.  P. 
Bailey,  who  won  first  and  second  places  respectively.  In  1891, 
Minnesota  was  r-^preserited  by  B.  H.  Timberlake  and  T.  G.  Scares, 
who  won  second  and  third  places.  In  1892,  the  University  was 
represented  by  P.  J.  Neff  and  C.  S.  Pattee,  who  won  second  and 
third  places.  In  1893,  by  C.  S.  Pattee  and  W.  A.  Smith,  and  took 
first  and  third  places.  In  1894,  by  Laura  Fi^ankenfield  and  J.  G. 
Briggs,  Mr.  Briggs  took  second  and  Miss  Frankenfield  fourth 
place.  In  1895,  Minnesota  was  represented  by  Clair  E.  Ames  and 
Arthur  L.  Helliwell,  Mr.  Helliwell  received  second  place  and  Mr. 
Ames  fourth.  In  1896,  Minnesota  was  represented  by  A.  Eliason 
and  W.  Pendergast.  who  tooiv  first  and  second  places.  In  1897,  the 
University  was  represented  by  Booth  and  Savage.  Mr.  Booth,  won 
first  and  Mr.  Savage  third  place.  In  1898,  by  E.  A.  Slocum  and  F. 
E.  Force,  who  took  third  and  fourth  places.  In  1899,  for  the  first 
time,  tlie  winner  of  first  place  in  the  Pillsbury  contest,  was  sent 
to  represent  the  University  in  the  Northern  Oratorical  League 
oontest  £.nd  the  v/inners  of  second  and  third  places  represented  the 
University  in  the  state  contest;  Joseph  W.  Beach,  won  first  place 
and  A.  J.  Finch  and  F.  G.  Sasse,  second  and  thiid  and  so  repre- 
sented Minnesota  in  the  state  contest,  winning  second  and  sixth 
places.  In  190O,  W.  M.  Jerome  won  first  place  in  the  Pillsbury  con- 
test and  represented  the  state  in  the  N.  O.  L.  contest,  while  11.  G. 
Spaulding  and  W.  R.  Hubbard,  won  second  and  third  and  repre- 
sentee the  L'niversity  in  the  state  contest,  where  they  won  second 
and  third  honors.  In  1901,  T.  D.  Schall,  won  first  and  went  to 
the  N.  O.  L.  contest  as  Minnesota's  representative,  and  R.  L. 
Dillman  and  O.  A.  Lende,  represented  the  University  in  the  state 
contest.  Lende  got  fourth  place  and  Dillman  was  debarred  on  a 
technicality.  In  1D02,  T.  D.  Schall,  won  first  in  the  Pillsbury  and 
first  in  the  N.  O.  L.,  J.  A.  Layne  and  J.  G.  Steenson,  winning 
second  ''nd  third  in  the  Pillsbury  contest.  Minnesota,  at  the 
time  dropped  out  of  the  old  state  league  and  as  a  consequence 
out  of  the  old  inter-state  league. 

In  19C3,  George  P.  Jones,  won  first,  with  J.  A.  Layne,  second 
and  Jesse  G.  Steenson,  third.  Mr.  Jones  won  third  in  the  inter- 
state. In  1P04,  G.  P.  Jones,  again  won  first,  and  won  first  also 
in  the  Northern  Oratorical  League  contest.  A.  J.  Bushfield  and 
W.  I.  Norton  followed  in  the  order  mentioned.  In  1905,  Theodore 
Christianson,    won    first    and    Fanny    Fligelman    and    H.    L.    Brock- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  i6l 

way  cam(  iti  tho  order  mentioneu.  la  190fl,  Lucile  Way  won  first 
and  was  followed  by  O.  B.  Flinders  and  Fanny  Fligelman.  In 
1907,  Vi\ian  Colgrove  won  first  and  Louis  Schwartz  and  Algernon 
Colhurn   followed,    in   that  order. 

ORE-TESTING  WORKS — This  building  is  located  on  the  bank 
of  the  Mississippi,  and  was  erected  in  1894,  at  a  cost  of  JS,^^. 
$4,100  of  this  sum  was  provided  by  the  state  and  $3,900  by  pri- 
vate subscription  of  citizens  of  Minneapolis.  It  is  constructed  of 
white  brick  and  limestone  and  is  94  x  66  feet.  The  building  pro- 
viJes  quaiters  for  the  work  indicated  by  its  name,  and  contains 
the   machinery   used   for  such  purposes. 

ORGANIZATION  Of  the  University — The  plan  of  organization 
adopted  by  the  regents,  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the  charter 
of  the  University,  was  mainly  the  creation  of  President  I-'olwell. 
The  plan  is  showa:  by  the  following  diagram: 


Collegiate 

Third.        t 


Sci.  Lit.  and  Arts. 
Cl;;.>^h.        *■    Junior;  Senior. 


Hemarks.- — 1.  The  collegiate  department,  receiving  llie  student 
from  tho  Latin  school  or  from  the  public  high  school,  brings  him. 
In  the  course  of  four  years,  to  the  end  of  the  second  (commonly 
called  th>?i  Sophomore)  year  of  the  ordinary  college  course.  At  this 
point  he  has  his  option,  whether,  equipped  with  the  fair  prepara- 
tion for  ?pecial  studies  accjuir«d  in  the  collegiate  department,  to 
enter  at  once  some  one  of  the  professional  schools  as  they  may 
hereafter  be  established,  or  to  proceed  with  higher  academic 
studies,  cla.ssical,  scientific  or  literary,  in  the  "college  of  science, 
literature  and  the  arts,"  witli  a  view  to  securing  the  best  and  full- 
est .preparation  for  professional  or  technical  studies.  The  courses 
of  study  offered  in  this  college  cover,  at  present,  a  period  of  two 
years   (Junior  and  Senior),   and  lead   to  baccalaureate  degrees. 

2.  It  is  a  part  cf  the  plan,  of  organization  that  the  studies,  not 
only  of  the  Latin  scho'->l,  but  also  of  the  collegiate  department, 
shall  be  dropped  off  as  fast  as  the  high  schools  can  take  the  work. 
The  University  begins  wherever  they  leave  off.  It  is  hoped  that 
not  very  many  years  may  pass  befora  the  whole  work  of  the  col- 
legiate department  will  have  been  assumed  by  those  schools. 

Actual  courses  were  organized  and  instruction  was  offered  in  a 
so-called  collegiate  department,  l>eing  the  department  of  elemen- 
tary instruction  called  for  by  the  charter  of  the  University;  a  col- 
lege of  science,  literature  and  the  arts;  a  college  of  agriculture, 
which  offered  work  in  both  elementary  and  college  grade,  and  plans 
were  formed  for  offering  a  "special  course  of  winter  instruction;" 
a  college  of  engineering  offori>:g  courses  in  civil  and  mechanical 
engineering  and  architecture. 

The   Latin    rehool   was   dropped   at   the   end  of  the   college   year, 

1873-74,  leaving  but  two  years  of  preparatory  work,  as  the  Univer- 


1 62  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

sity  now  counts  college  work.  The  work  of  the  "fourth/'  or  sub-sub- 
freshman  class,  was  dropped  at  the  end  of  t'he  college  year,  1875-76. 
The  subfreshman  class  was  not  dropped  until  the  close  of  the  col- 
lege year,  1SS9-90. 

The  revised  plan  of  organization  which  was  adopted  July,  1871, 
may  be  found   in   the   University   catalogue   of  187 1 -To,   page  S3. 

ORMOND,   Alexander  T. — Professor  of  mental  and  moral  philo- 
sophy and  history,  lSSO-83.     Now  professor  of  philosophy  in  Prince- 
ton university,  a  position  he  has  held  since  leaving  the  University. 
ORTON,    Forest    Hoy — Instructor    in    treatment    of    cleft    palate, 
1891-93. 

OSWALD,  W.  L.— Born  September  20,  1879,  Lancaster,  Wis. 
Lancaster  high  school;  Milwaukee  normal  and  special  work  in  the 
University  of  Wisconsin.  Four  years  in  the  high  school  at  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.  Instructor  in  botany  in  the  school  of  agriculture, 
1904   to  date.     St.  Anthony  Park,   Minn. 

OWEN,  Sidney  M.,  Minneapolis — Appointed  regent  April  28, 
1892;  re-appointed  in  1895  and  serving  until  March,  1901.  Reap- 
pointed March,  1907,  term  expii-es  1913;  editor  of  the  agricultural 
paper.  The  Farm,  Stock  and  Home. 

OWRE,  Alfred — Born  in  Norway,  December  16,  1870.  Gradu- 
ate in  dentistry,  University,  1894;  M.  D.,  Hamline,  '95.  Student 
assistant  in  dental  college,  1893-94;  assistant  in  operative  technics, 
1894-96;  instructor  in  metallurgy,  1896-97;  instructor  in  operative 
dentistry,  1897-98;  professor,  same,  1900  to  1905;  dean  of  the  col- 
lege, 1905  to  date.  Contributor  in  dental  journals;  chapter  of  Fil- 
ling IMaterials  and  Insertion,  in  new  text  book  in  preparation. 
Member  Twin  City  academy  of  dentistry;  Twin  City  dental  club; 
Minnesota  state  dental  association;  President,  same,  in  1902;  Na- 
tional dental  association;  vice-president,  same,  1907;  Life  member 
Asiatic  society  of  Japan;  same  of  Japan  society  of  London;  Cor- 
responding honorary  member  of  the  Norwegian  dental  association 
of  Norway.     1700   Portland   avenue. 

PAIGE,  James. — Born  November  22,  1863,  Minneapolis.  Phillips 
Academy,  Andover,  1883;  Princeton,  A.  B.,  1887;  A.  M.,  1888; 
LL.B.,  University,  1890;  LL.M.,  1893.  Instructor  in  college  of  law, 
1891  to  1896;  professor  in  same,  since  1896.  Author  of  Selected 
Cases  in  Torts;  Commercial  Law;  Commercial  Paper;  Agency; 
Partnership;  and  Domestic  Relations;  Published  lectures  on  fore- 
going  topics.     1414   Yale    Place. 

PALACE  CLOTHING  HOUSE  PRIZE  FOR  DEBATE— The 
Manager  of  the  Palace  Clothing  House,  Mr.  Maurice  L.  Roths- 
child, has.  given  $100  to  be  used  by  the  debating  board  to  encour- 
age debate.  Just  how  this  is  to  be  used  has  not  yet  been  deter- 
mined. 

PARKER,  Edward  Cary— Born  August  4,  ISSil.  St.  Paul.  St. 
Paul  Central  high  school,  1899;  school  of  agriculture,  1904;  B.  S. 
Ag.,  1905.  Two  years'  experience  in  instruction  to  freshmen  in 
instructor  for  short  course  students  in  corn  and  grain  judging; 
school  of  agriculture,  in  elementary  agriculture,  soil  management, 
tillage,  etc.;  also  instructor  in  portions  of  field  crops  to  juniors; 
college  students  in  agricultural  economics;  two  years  in  seed 
prain  lecturing;  special  agent  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  agri- 
culture, bureau  of  statistics,  five  years.  Main  work  has  been 
•  along  the  line  of  seed  breeding,  experimental,  and  agricultural 
statistics.  Student  assistant  in  agriculture,  190O  to  1905;  assist- 
ant agriculturist,  1905  to  date.  Author  of  Bulletin  number  97, 
with  W.  M'.  Hays;  Press  bulletin  number  24,  with  Andrew  Boss, 
article  in  Review  of  Reviewts,  January  1906;  article  on  wheat  pro- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  163 

(luction,    in   hands   of   Century    Magazine,     at     present    time.     1272 
County   road,    St.   Anthony   Park. 

PARKIN,  Arthur  W.— Born  September  18th,  1871,  Pine  Island, 
Minn.  Public  scnool  training;  Dairy  School,  Madison,  Wis.  Thir- 
teen years  practical  experience  as  a  butter  maker.  Instructor  in 
cheese-making  in  Dairy  School  since  1902.  Appointed,  June  1906, 
"n'ith  State  Dairy  and  Food  Depai'tment  as  cheese  instructor  and 
inspector.     Cannoa    Falls,    Minn. 

PARSONS,  Arthur  L. — Instructor  in  mineralogy,  1903-OC.  Now 
in   the   corresponding  department  of   the  University  of  Montreal. 

PASTEUR  INSTITUTE — This  institute  was  opened  at  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  in  August  1907.  This  insti- 
tute was  authorized  by  the  legislature  of  1907  and  its  services  are 
free  to  all  residents  of  the  state  of  Minnesota.  It  is  operated  in 
connection  with  the  department  of  pathology  of  the  University 
medical  department  and  is  under  the  direct  charge  of  Dr.  Orian- 
na  McDaniei. 

PATTEE,  The — A  law  literary  society. 

PATTEE,  William  S.— Born  September  19th,  1846,  Jackson, 
Maine.  Graduata  of  Bowdoin  College,  Brunswick,  M'e.,  1871.;  M. 
A.,  1874;  LL.D.,  Iowa,  1894.  Taught  Greek  in  Lake  Forest  Uni- 
versity, 111.,  J 872-74;  public  schools  of  Northfield,  1874-7S;  practiced 
law  from  1878  to  18S8;  member  state  legislature,  1SS4-85.  Profes- 
sor of  law  and  dean  of  the  college  from  September  11th,  1888  to 
date.  Author  of  many  legal  works,  including  Contracts;  Real 
Property;  Personal  Property;  and  Equity.  Delegate  to  the  Uni- 
versal Congress  of  Lawyers  and  Jurists.  St.  Louis,  1904.  Alpha 
Delta  Phi,   ini9   Fifth  street  southeast. 

PEABODY,  Eunice  D.— Born  November  25th,  18G8,  Alden,  Wis. 
St.  Mary's  Hall.  Faribault,  1SS8;  Teachers'  Training  School,  St. 
Paul.  1889;  B.  A.,  University,  1904;  M.  A.,  1905.  Taught  in  ele- 
mentary schools  for  ten  years;  assistant  in  psychology,  University, 
1905  to  1007.  Now  teaching  in  St.  Paul  city  schools.  272  Prescott 
street,  St.  Paul. 

PEASE,  Levi  B. — Instructor  in  assaying,  1902-OG;  assistant 
professor  of  metallurgy,   1906  to  date. 

PEAVEY  PRIZE,  THE— Mrs.  Heffelfinger  continues  the  prize 
of  JlOO,  established  by  her  father,  the  late  Frank  H.  Peavey. 
This  prize  consists  of  $75  for  the  members  of  the  team  winning 
the    freshman-sophomore    debate.     See    Peavey-Dunwoody    prize. 

In  1901,  the  debate  prizes  were  won  by  Benj.  Drake,  Jr.,  J.  B. 
Ladd  and  John  Thelen,  while  the  prize  for  oratory  went  to  J.  A. 
Layne.  In  1902,  the  freshman  te.^m,  J.  P.  Devaney,  R,  Weiskopf, 
L.  H.  Joss  won  the  debate  and  George  Ward,  the  prize  for  ora- 
tory. In  igo."},  E.  C.  O'Brien,  R.  H.  Pratt  and  J.  P.  Devaney, 
sophomores,  won  the  debate  prize  and  Robert  Weiskopf  the  prize 
for  oratory.  In  1904.  A.  E.  Arntson,  Kenneth  McManigal  and  W. 
L.  Badger,  won  the  prize  for  debate.  In  1906,  the  prize  for  de- 
bate went  to  A.  Evans.  M.  Doherty  and  H.  Deering.  In  1907.  the 
debate  prize  went  to  Ray  Chamberlain.  Harold  Knopp  and  Zenas 
Potter.  The  second  debate  of  1907,  coming  in  the  next  college 
year,  was  won  by  the  sophomores,  who  were  represented  by  L.  F. 
Prigge,   C.   Arthur  Carlson  and  H.   B.   Duff. 

PEAVEY-DUNWOODY  PRIZES  IN  ORATORY— Mrs.  Heffel- 
finger, daughter  of  the  late  Mr.  Peavey,  gives  $100  annually  in 
prizes,  $75  of  which  is  used  for  the  Peavey  freshman-sophomore 
debate  and  $23  is  combined  with  $25  given  by  Mr.   Dunwoody  for 


l64  DICTIONARY   OF  THE 

the  spnior  debate,  and  the  $50  is  offered  hi  three  prizes  to  winners 
of  the  freshman-sopliomore  oratorical  contest.  Tlie  prizes  are  di- 
vided into  $?5.  $15,  $1'0.  In  1904,  inioodore  Christianson,  Magnus 
Aygarn  and  L.  A.  Hamlin  were  the  winners.  In  1906,  Zenas  Pot- 
ter. Harold  Deering-  and  A.  Evans  won.  In  1907,  Sigurd  Peterson, 
Max   Lowenthal   and   Ztnas   L/.    Potter  won. 

PECK,  A.   E.    L. — Instructor  in  crown  and  bridge  worlc,   1890-91. 

PECK,  Louis  W. — Instructor  in  physics  and  drawing,  1874-7i. 
Assistant   professor   in   charge   of   pliysics,    1878-79. 

PECK,  Mary  Grey. — Born  October  21,  1867,  Seneca  Castle,  N.  T. 
B.  A.,  Elmira;  graduate  worlv  at  the  University;  graduate  work 
at  University  of  Cambridge,  England.  Taught  English  in  private 
and  public  schools.  Instructor  in  English,  University,  1901  to  1907; 
assistant  professor,  19'37'  to  date.  Author  of  Gerrnelshausen  (in 
collaboration   with   Professors  Potter  and  Schlenker). 

PECKHAM,    Stephen    F. — Professor    of    chemistry    and    physics, 

1874-1880. 

PEEBLES,  Thomas — Born  in  Ireland  in  1857.  After  acquiring 
the  best  education  the  common  schools  of  his  native  land  could 
give,  he  came  to  the  United  States.  After  a  few-  terms  of  further 
preparatory  study  in  this  country,  he  enrolled  at  Princeton  college, 
in  3  879.  Here  ho  early  distinguished  himself  as  a  student,  espe- 
cially in  metaphysics  and  psychology.  He  was  under  the  direct 
instruction  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  McCosh,  and,  on  account  of  his 
marked  ability  in  his  favorite  studies  enjoyed  his  warm  personal 
friendship.  From  Princeton  he  graduated  with  highest  honors, 
and  after  spending  one  year  in  the  employ  of  the  Steel  Works 
Company  at  Pittsburg  he  came  to  the  University  in  1883,  as  in- 
structor in  mental  and  moral  philosophy.  He  resigned  his  posi- 
tion in  ISSS  for  the  practice  of  law.  Now  engaged  in  business  in 
Minneapolis. 

PENDERGAST  HALL.— Erected  in  1889  at  a  cost  of  $2i5,O00',  is 
a  large,  four-sto/y  brick  building  a4x54  feet.  It  contains  Y.  M.  C. 
A.  room,  small  recitation  room,  and  dormitory  facilities  for  nine- 
ty stud.:>nts  attending  the  school  of  agriculture. 

PENDERGAST,  Sophie  M.— Instructor  in  English,  school  of  ag- 
riculture,  1899-01. 

PENDERGAST,  W.  W.,  Hutchinson— Regent  ex-ofRcio,  state 
superintendent  of  public  in.struction,  September  1st,  1893-January 
21,  1899.  Born  in  1833  at  Durham,  N.  H.  Prepared  at  Phillips 
Exeter,  and  in  3 850  entered  Bowdoin.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  18.56 
and  taught  school.  Appointed  clerk  in  the  state  department  of 
public  instruction  in  1832,  and  principal  of  school  of  agriculture 
m   lSSS-1893.      State   superintendent   of   public   instruction,    1893-1899. 

PENDERGAST,  Warren  W.,  jr.— Superintendent  of  the  sub- 
station  at   Grand   Rapid-:,    1C96-97.     Died   August   26,    1897. 

PENNY,  Lincoln  E. — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  skin  and  gen- 
ito-urinary  diseases,    1834-9i5. 

PENSIONS  FOR  TEACH ERS— Address  by  Professor  John  H. 
Gray,  delivered  before  the  Faculty  Dining  Club,  Novemiber  30th, 
1907.  at  the  St.  Anthony  Commercial  Club  rooms.  Printed  in  full 
in   the  Minnesota   Alumni  Weekly  of  December  2'3d,   1907. 

PERRY,  Ralph  E.  St.  John — Lecturer  (homeopathic)  on  skin 
and    i,MMiilo-:ii-jnai,v  diseases,    1902-03. 

PETERSON.  Peter — Instructor  in  foundiy  practice,  1906  to 
date.     710  Nineteenth  avenue  south. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  165 

PFAENDER,  Albert— Instructor  in  German,  1S97-9S.  Graduate 
the  University  class  of  1897.  Law  student  1897-98.  Now  practic- 
injr  attorney  at  New  Ulm,   Minii. 

PHARMACY,  COLLEGE  OF,  The.— This  college  was  created 
and  made  one  of  the  colleges  of  the  department  of  medicine,  in 
18['2.  Frederick  J.  AVuliing,  Ph.  G.,  was  made  dean  soon  after 
the  creation  of  ihe  college.  The  entrance  requirement  of  this 
college  includes  English,  algebra,  physics  and  Latin,  being  about 
the  equi\'alent  of  half  of  a  high  school  course.  The  course  is  ar- 
ranged -io  that  it  can  be  pursued  as  a  two-  or  a  three-year  course, 
to  suit  the  desiie  of  the  student.  The  work  of  the  college  is 
largely  laboratory  and  practical  work  and  the  standard  main- 
tained by  the  college  is  in  all  respects  equal  to  that  which  is  ad- 
vised by  the  throe  most  representative  pharmaceutical  associa- 
tions in  the  land.  The  college  is  resident  in  the  Laboratory  of 
Medical  Sciences  and  its  equipment  is  up  to  the  standard.  The 
fee  for  the  course  $1(55,  which  is  divided  so  as  to  be  paid  in  three 
or  two  installments,  according  as  the  work  is  taken  in  three  or 
two  years.  The  state  board  of  pharmacy  meets  at  the  college 
four  times  each  year,  to  examine  candidates  for  registration  as 
ph.'irmaeists.  Graduates  of  this  college  ai-e  admitted  to  state 
board  examinations,  wherever  standards  of  efliciency  have  been 
established,  and  ics  diploma  is  recognized  in  all  other  states  as 
well.  The  degree  granted  by  this  college  is  bachelor  of  phar- 
macv  and  graduate  work  is  offered  leading  to  the  degrees  master 
of  pharmacy  and  doctor  of  pharmacy,  the  first  requiring  one  and 
the  st>cond,"  two  years  of  gi-adaate  work.  When  the  college  was 
first  organized  the  degree  granted  was  that  of  doctor  of  phar- 
macy, and  sixty-nine  men  and  six  women,  in  all  seventy-five,  were 
granted  this  degree.  In  1900  the  degree  was  changed  to  pharma- 
ceutical chemist,  and  one  hundred  six  men  and  fifteen  women 
have  been  granted  this  degiec.  There  have  been  two  graduates 
receiving  the  master's  degr.;e.  The  faculty  includes  six  professors, 
two  assistant  professors,  eleven  instructors  and  assistants.  The 
enrollment  for  1906-07.  was  76. 

In  accordance  with  recent  action  of  the  faculty,  approved  by 
the  !x)ard  of  regents,  .students  entering  this  college  on  and  after 
1909  will  be  required  to  possess  a  full  high  school  training.  The 
digree  of  b.ichelor  of  science,  in  pharmacy  will  be  granted  to  stu- 
dents who  have  had  two  years  of  college  work  and  who  complete 
the  required  work  for  the  pharmacy  degree.  No  one  will  be  al- 
lowed to  become  a  candidate  for  the  degree  of  master  of  phar- 
macy who  does  not  possess  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  science,  in 
pharmacy,  and  no  one  will  be  allowed  to  become  a  candidate  for 
the  dog)  ee  of  doctor  of  pharmacy  who  has  not  received  the  de- 
gree  master   of  pharmacy. 

PHELAN,  Raymond  Vincent.— Born  December  7th,  1877.  Cleve- 
land, Oh;o.  Public  schools  of  Cleveland:  Ph.  B.,  Western  Reserve, 
1902:  M.  A.,  same,  1904;  Ph.  1).,  Wisconsin,  190U;  graduate  work  in 
economics,  Wisconsin,  and  University  fellow  in  same,  Wisconsin. 
Private  tutor  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  1902-04;  substitute  work  in 
University  of  Wisconsin,  1906;  assistant  professor  of  economics 
and  sociology,  Miami  University,  190fi-O7;  instructor  in  economics. 
University,  1907  to  date.  Autlior  of  the  Financial  History  of  ^Vis- 
consin;  Elastic  Currency;  Centralized  Tax  Administration;  various 
articles  upon  political  equality;  book  reviews  upon  political  and 
social  science;  in  preparation,  a  Labor  History  of  Minnesota.  Of- 
ficial representative  of  the  University  at  the  National  Conference 
on  Taxation  held  in  Columbus,   Ohio,   November  1907.     Member  of 


1 66  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

the  American  Economic  Association;  American  Association  for 
Labor  Legislation;  American  Statistical  Association;  Minnesota 
Academy  of  Social  Sciences. 

PHELPS,  A.  G. — Assistant  in  (homeopathic)  clinical  medicine 
and  physical  diagnosis,   1903   to  date.     118  Minnehaha   Parkway. 

PHI  BETA  KAPPA — An  honorary  society  whose  members  are 
elected  from  the  senior  class  who  have  shown  special  attainments 
in  scholarship  and  general  culture.  The  National  society  w^as 
founded  December  5th,  177G.  The  Minnesota  Alpha  Chapter  was 
established    Decem'ber   13th,    1892. 

PHI  BETA  PI — ^Xi  cnapter  established  in  1903.  Medical  fra- 
ternity.   611    Thirteenth   avenue   southeast. 

PHI  CHI — Pharmacy  fraternity.  Theta  chapter  established  in 
1904.     Founded  at  Michigan  18S3. 

PHI  DELTA  PHI — Law  fraternity.  Dillon  chapter  established 
in  1891.     Founded  at  Michigan  1864. 

PHI  DELTA  THETA — The  second  fraternity  to  be  established 
at  the  University.  The  Minnesota  chapter  established  in  1881, 
the  national  chapter  at  Miami  University  in  1848.  1013  Univer- 
sity avenue   southeast. 

PHI  GAMMA  DELTA— Mu  Sigma  chapter  established  in  1890. 
Founded  at  Jefferson  college  in  1848.     1110  6th  street  southeast. 

PHI  KAPPA  PS! — Minnesota  Beta  chapter  established  in  1888. 
Founded  at  Jefferson  college  in  1852.  Chapter  house  at  1611  Uni- 
versity avenue  southeast. 

PHILOLOGICAL  SOCIETY,  THE— This  society  is  organized  to 
promote   philological  investigation   and   study. 

PHILOSOPHICAL  CLUB — Meets  bi-weekly  in  the  evening  dur- 
ing the  winter  months  to  read  and  discuss  contemporary  philo- 
sophical literature.  The  membership  consists  of  the  professors, 
instructors,   and  qualified   students  of   the   department. 

PHI  RHO  SIGMA — Tau  chapter  established  in  1903.  Medical 
fraternity.     728   Thirteenth   avenue   soutiieast. 

PHYSICAL  COLLOQUIUM,  THE — Composed  of  instructors 
and  graduate  students  of  the  department  of  physics,  and  meets 
regularly  for  the  discussion  of  recent  investigations  in  physical 
science. 

PHYSICS  Building— This  building  cost  $55,600.00.  This  was 
provided  by  two  appropriations,  one  of  $25,000  in  1899,  and  one  of 
$50,000,  in  1901,  the  balance  of  the  appropriation  went  into  equip- 
ment. The  building  is  practically  fire  proof  and  is  two  stories 
high,  with  high  basement.  It  is  built  of  light  tinted  brick  and  is 
68x115  feet.  It  provides  23,500  square  feet  of  floor  space  for  the 
department  of  physics  to  whose  use  it  is  wholly  devoted.  The 
basement  contains  laboratories  for  advanced  research  work, 
dark  room  for  research  work  in  optics,  rooms  and  apparatus  for 
the  production  of  liquid  air,  a  constant  temperature  room,  battery 
room,  students'  work  shop  and  mechanical  room,  precision  room, 
an  electric  standard  room  and  janitor  and  toilet  rooms.  The  first 
floor  is  provided  with  oihce  rooms  with  fire  proof  vaults  attached, 
two  recitation  rooms  28x34  feet,  private  laboratory  and  physics  li- 
brary room,  private  research  laboratories,  general  physics  labora- 
tory with  attached  store  room  and  balance  room.  The  second  floor 
contains  laboratories  for  research,  chemistry,  for  under-graduate 
work  in  electricity,  dark  room,  apparatus  room  and  preparation 
room,  store  room  and  lecture  room,  38x58  equipped  with  310  desk 
arm  seats. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MDSfNBSOTA.  167 

PI  BETA  NU — An  honorary  society  founded  by  the  seniors  of 
the  class  of  18SS,  wliose  object  was  to  promote  the  study  of  sci- 
ence, literature  and  the  arts  and  to  mark  distinguished  merit  in 
thu  faithful  performance  of  duties  at  the  University  of  Minnesota. 
The  founders  were  Helmus  "VVells  Thompson,  Albert  Graber,  Wil- 
liam Dodsworth  Willard,  Albert  Ames  Finch,  and  Ulysses  Sherman 
Grant.  The  membership  was  not  based  wholly  on  marks  but  lists 
of  men  recommended  by  the  various  departments  of  the  Univer- 
sity, submitted  lists  of  the  men  they  considered  the  strongest  in 
the  junior  class,  these  were  arranged  in  order  of  designated  pref- 
erence and  the  first  ten  chosen  as  a  tentative  list,  and  the  out- 
going members  elected  live  from  this  list,  to  constitute  the  society 
for  the  following  year.  This  society  continued  in  existence  until 
the  establishment  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  a  national  society  of  sim- 
ilar aim.s  and  ends,  December  13,  1892. 

PI  BETA  PHI— Alpha  chapter  established  in  1890,  re-estab- 
lished in  1906.  Founded  at  Monmouth  college  in  1867.  313  Six- 
teenth   avenue    southeast. 

PIERCE,  Ernest  Boynton— Born  August  20,  1879,  St.  Paul.  St. 
Paul,  mechanic  arts  high  school,  1897;  Mankato  normal,  1898; 
B.  A.,  University,  1904.  Taught  district  school  one  year;  graded 
school  one  year;  Mankato  high  school,  one  year.  Assistant  reg- 
istrar, 1901-05;  registrar,  1905  to  date.  132  Orlin  avenue  south- 
east. 

PIERCE,  Judge  James  O. — Lecturer  on  the  law  of  domestic  re- 
lations, 1888-89,  lecturer  on  constitutional  and  statutory  law,  1889- 
92.  From  1892,  to  date  of  his  death,  1907,  Judge  Pferce  was  lec- 
turer on  constitutional  jurisprudence  and  history.  Judge  Pierce 
was  a  prolific  contributor  to  legal  and  semi-legal  periodicals  and 
the  author  of  Studies  in  Constitutional  History.  He  was  at  one 
time  judge  of  the  Circuit  court  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 

PIKE.  Joseph  Brown— Born  1866,  Chicago,  111.  St.  Paul  high 
school,  1886;  B.  A.,  University,  1890;  M.  A.,  '92;  Fellow  in  classics, 
University,  1891;  student  in  France  and  Italy,  1893.  Instructor  in 
Latin,  University,  1892-93;  same,  Latin.  Fi-ench  and  Greek,  1893- 
94;  assistant  professor  of  Latin,  1896-99;  professor  of  Latin,  1899 
to  date.  Taught  at  the  University  of  Iowa,  summer  session  of 
190'5-06.  Author  of  Lives  of  Suetonius;  Articles  on  Teaching  of 
Latin,  in  Proceedings  of  M.  E.  A.  Phi  Beta  Kappa;  Psi  Upsilon; 
member  of  the  Classical  association  of  the  middle  west  and  south. 
525   Tenth   .aveniie   southeast 

PIKE,  Jay  N. — Born  October  1,  1876,  Lake  City,  Minn.  Uni- 
versity college  of  engineering,  Massachusetts  institute  of  technolo- 
gy; liental  college.  University,  1903.  Demonstrator  in  operative 
dentistry,  1903-05;  instructor  in  prosthetic  dentistry,  and  dental 
anatomy,  1906  to  date.  Active  practice  in  dentistry.  409  Masonic 
Temple. 

PIKE,  William  A. — Born  in  Dorchester,  Mass.  He  was  the  son 
of  the  Rev.  Richard  Pike,  a  Unitarian  minister.  He  received  his 
early  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Dorchester,  and  fi-tted  for 
the  Massachusetts  institute  of  technology.  He  entered  the  Massa- 
chusetts institute  of  technology  when  barely  sixteen  years  of  age, 
from  which  institution  he  graduated  in  1871.  During  his  last  year 
as  a  student  he  was  principal  of  the  first  free  evening  drawing 
school  established  by  the  city  of  Boston;  in  which,  machine,  archi- 
tectural, ship  and  free-hand  drawing  were  taught.  He  was  also 
student-instructor  in  civil  engineering. 


1 68 


DICTIONARY   OF   THE 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNKSOTA.  169 

Immediately  after  graduation  he  was  engaged  to  take  cliarge 
of  the  survey  of  tlie  Beech  Ba>  improvements  in  Boston,  in  which 
work  he  was  engaged  until  August  of  the  same  year  when  he 
was  elected  profc-ssor  of  civil  engineering  in  the  Maine  state  col- 
lege, being,  it  is  claimed  at  that  time  the  youngest  professor  in 
the  United  States.  This  position  he  held  until  August,  1S80,  when 
he  was  elected  professor  of  engineering,  in  charge  of  physics,  in 
the  Unisersity.  Professor  Pike  was  immedia,tely  made  secretary  of 
the  faculty  of  that  college  of  engineering,  a  position  which  he 
held  until  he  was  made  director  of  the  college  in  188G.  In  1890, 
Professor  Pike  was  made  dean  of  the  college  taut  he  resigned  a 
year  later,  1891,  to  go  into  business.  Mr.  Pike  continued,  as  a 
lecturer  in  the  college  for  a  year,  se^■ering  all  connection  witli  the 
inr.tituition    in    18b2. 

PILLSBURY  HALL — So  named  in  honor  of  its  donor.  Governor 
John  S.  Pillsbury,  who  erected  the  building  in  1889,  at  a  cost  of 
$i31,0'00.00,  and  presented  it  to  the  state.  The  building  is  two 
hundred  forty-five  feet  long  and  is  constructed  of  sandstone,  the 
basement  of  red  and  the  upper  stories  of  white  with  an  occasional 
red  stone  mixed  in.  The  building  is  a  two  story  and  high  base- 
ment building.  It  provides  quarters  for  the  departments  of  animal 
biology,  botany,  geology,  mineralogy  and  paleontology.  The  Uni- 
versity  museums    are    also    located    in    this    building. 

PILLSBURY,  John  Sargent— Regent  November  18G3-March  4, 
1864:  JMareh  4,  1  SG4-FelH-uary  18,  1808;  March  2,  1868-January  7, 
1870,  when  he  became  regent  as  Governor  of  the  state,  continu- 
ing to  hold  office  by  virtue  of  his  being  Governor  until  January 
10,  1882;  appointed  Februry  1,  1882  and  re-appointed  regularly  until 
March  27.  1896,  when  he  was  made  regen,t  for  life,  holding  the 
office  Mrtil  the  day  of  his  death,  October  18,  1901. 

Governor  Pillsbury,  "Father  of  the  University"'  was  borji 
July  29,  1828.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  18&5.  Was  married  to 
Mahala  Fisk,  November,  1856.  He  was  engaged  in  the  hardware 
business  from  date  of  coming  to  Minneapolis  to  1875,  when  he  sold 
that  bu.siness  to  devote  himself  mainly  to  milling  business.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  city  council  for  six  years.  Elected  to  the 
state  senate  in  18U3  and  served  continuously  for  ten  years.  Elected 
governor  in  1875,  again  in  1877  and  1879.  He  gave  the  University 
the  magnificent  science  building,  which  is  known  by  his  name,  in 
1889.  In  1892  he  presented  his  native  town  with  a  flne  citj-  haJl 
in  memory  of  his  father  and  mother.  In  1898,  in  conjunction  with 
his  wife,  he  established  an  endowment  fund  of  $100,000,  for  the 
erection  of  a  honie  for  children  and  aged  women.  In  same  way 
he  erected  a  home  for  worlcing  ^v■omen,  in  1900,  at  a  cost  of  ;2-j,000. 
In  1901  he  gave  the  city  of  Minneapolis  a  fine  library  building, 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $75,000,  known  as  the  Pillsbury  branch  of  the 
uublic  library.  Pillsbury  statute  was  erected  in  his  honor  and 
dedicated  in  September,  1900. 

As  it  would  be  impossible  to  give  here  full  inforn-.ation  con- 
cerning Go\-ernor  Pillsbury's  services  to  the  University  the  follow- 
ing references  are  given  to  inaterial  easily  available  to  anyone 
interested.  The  Minnesota  Alumni  Weekly  of  October  21.  1901; 
also  June  5,  1902.  Pamphlet  containing  full  repoi-t  of  the  exer- 
cises of  the  memorial  services  held  at  Commencement  of  1902. 
For  the  story  of  his  early  connection  with  the  I'niversity  see  pam- 
phlet containing  speech  of  Governor  Pillsbury  at  the  Alumni  ban- 
quet h.'ld   at   tlie  West    liotel.    June   1.    1893. 

PILLSBURY  MEMORIAL  FENCE— This  fence  which  extends 
along  University  avenue  from  14th  to  17th  avenues  was  erected  in 
the  summer  of  1902    by  Mrs.    Sarah  Pillsbury  Gale,   1888.   in  mem- 


170 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE 


ory  of  her  father,  John  S.  Pillsbury.  The  fence  is  of  stone  and  iron 
anc!  ornamental  design.  The  main  gateway  at  14th  avenue  en- 
trance is  shown  In  the  accompanying  cut. 

PILLSBURY  STATUE— Dedicated  September  12,  190O.  This 
statue  was  erected  by  alumni  and  friends  of  the  University  and 
by  the  alumni  presented  to  the  University,  as  a  token  of  honor 
and  appreciation  of  the  services  of  Governor  Pillsbury  to  the  Uni- 
versity.    The    committee   which    had   the   raising   of   the   funds    in 


Pillsbury  Statue. 

charge,  consisted  of  tlie  following  named  gentlemen:  Edward  C. 
Chatfield,  1874,  George  H.  Partridge,  1S79,  James  A.  Quinn,  Ex-'T6. 
and  IjOuIs  S.  Gillette,  1S76.  The  statue  is  of  bronze,  heroic  size, 
mounted  on  a  pedestal  of  granite.  The  sculptor,  Daniel  C  French, 
is  recognized  as  one  of  the  foremost  sculptors  of  his  day,  and  this 
creation  is  one  of  his  masterpieces.  For  fuller  information,  see 
pamphlet.    "The    unveiling   of    the    statue   of   John    S.    Pillsbury." 

PILLSBURY  PRIZE,  The— Three  prizes  of  $100,  $50  and  $25 
are  offered  by  the  heirs  of  the  Honorable  .lohn  S.  Pillsbury  award- 
ed for  the  best  work  in  the  department  of  rhetoric,  as  evidenced 
finally  by  an  oration  in  public.  These  prizes  were  established  in 
1888.  The  first  contest,  however,  appears  to  have  been  held  June 
6,  1889,  and  T.  G.  Soares,  O.  L.  Triggs,  and  Henry  Johnson  were 
the  winners.  June  2,  1S90,  T.  G.  Soares,  B.  H.  Timberlake  and 
M.  D.  Purdy  were  the  winners.  June  1,  1891,  M.  D.  Purdy,  P.  J. 
Neff  and  J.  O.  Jorgens  were  the  winners.  May  29,  1892,  W.  A. 
Smith,  C.  S.  Pattee  and  Albert  D.  McNair  were  the  winners  and 
were  also  by  virtue  of  having  won  .this  contest  made  the  Uni- 
versity representatives  in  the  state  contest.  This  plan  was  fol- 
lowed until  Minnesota  dropped  out  of  the  state  contests  in  1900. 
In  189.3,  Estelle  Sins'heimer  and  Arthur  L.  Helliwell  won. 
March   15,    1894,   John   G.    Briggs,   Laura   Frankenfleld   and   William 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNE^SOTA. 


171 


A.  Smith,  won.  In  1893,  Clair  E.  Ames,  Arthur  L.  Helliwell  and 
James  Steenson  were  the  winners.  ATarch  14,  1896,  A.  O.  Eliason, 
W".  W.  Pendergast  were  the  winners.  In  1897,  L.  T.  Savage,  L.  N. 
Boot!)  and  .1.  B.  Miner,  won.  March  1898,  E.  A.  Slocum,  F.  E. 
Force,  and  Joseph  W.  Beach  won.  In  1899,  Joseph  W.  Beach,  A.  J. 
P^nch  and  F.  G.  Sasse  won.  In  lOW,  W.  M.  Jerome,  H.  G.  Spauld- 
ing  and  W.  R.  Hubbard  won.  In  1901,  T.  D.  Schall,  R.  L.  Dillman 
and  O.  A.  Lende,  won.  In  1902,  T.  D.  Schall,  J.  A.  Layne  and  J.  G. 
Steenson  won.  In  1903,  G.  P.  Jones,  J.  A.  Lane  and  J.  G.  Steenson 
won.  In  1904,  G.  P.  .Tones,  A.  J.  BushfieJd  and  W.  I.  Norton  won. 
In  1905,  Theodore  Cliristianson,  Fanny  Fligelman  and  H.  L.  Brock- 
way  won.  In  1905,  Luciie  Way,  O.  B.  Flinder  and  Fanny  Fligel- 
man won.  In  1906,  Vivian  Colgrove,  Louis  Schwartz  and  Algernon 
Cfilburn   won. 

In  1901-C2,  the  Pillsbury  and  Dunwoody  prizes  w^ere  combined 
and  offered  for  the  same  purpose  as  the  Pillsbury  prizes  were 
offered. 

In  1902  Governor  Pillsbury  gave  $100  to  encourage  debate  among 
the  sophomores,  and  I.  A.  Churchill,  A.  F.  Kovarik,  and  J.  P. 
Kranz,    won 

PI  SIGMA — An  honorary  engineering  society  established  in  1894. 
PORTER,  Edward  D. — Professor  of  theory  and  practice  of  agri- 
culture, 1880-87.  Professor  Porter  was  in  charge  of  the  agricul- 
tural department  during  the  transition!  stage  and  played  a  large 
part  in  the  development  of  the  solution  to  the  problem  reached 
by  the  University,  as  exomplified  in  the  scliool  of  agriculture  and 
in   the   establl.shment  of  the  farmers'    institutes. 

POST  ELS  I A — The  yearbook  of  the  Minnesota  seaside  station. 
Vol.  1  was  issued  in  1901  and  contains  seven  essays.  Vol.  II  was 
issued  in  1906  and  contains  seven  essays,  or  papers. 

POST-OFFICE — The  University  post  office  was  originally  owned 
and  controlled  by  the  University  and  managed  by  'the  registrar. 
With  the  growth  of  the  University  this  branch  became  too  much 
of  a  burden  to  be  cared  for  and  was  taken  over  by  the  proprietor 
of  the  University  book  store  and  was  managed  by  liim  for  several 
years.  When  the  book  store  removed  from  the  campus,  the  post- 
office  was  managed  by  the  business  manager  of  the  Ariel,  who 
employed  a  stenographer  to  take  charge  of  the  office,  the  fees  for 
boxes  paying  the  necessary  expenses.  The  post  office  was  finally 
placed  in  charge  of  Miss  Clara  Poucher,  who  dCA^oted  her  Whole 
time  to  the  work,  receiving  the  rental  fees  for  her  services.  Later, 
J.  C.  Poucher.  a  brother  of  Miss  Poucher,  was  placed  in  charge  of 
the  post  office  and  has  continued  m  charge  to  this  day.  The  post 
office  was  formerly  located  in  the  basement  of  the  old  main  build- 
ing, but  when  that  building  was  burned,  it  was  remo\-ed  to  the 
rotunda  of  the  library  building.  With  the  completion  of  Folwell 
hall,  the  post  office  wa.s  transferred  to  a  room,  set  apart  for  the 
purpose,   in  that  building. 

POTTER,  Frances  Boardman  Squire — Born  November  12,  1867, 
Elmira,  N.  Y.  B.  A..  Elmira,  1887:  M.  A.,  same,  1889;  honorary 
alumna.  Universitv,  1904.  Studied  Fi-ench  language  and  literature 
in  France,  1891;  research  work  in  English,  Cambridge  university. 
England,  1906.  Taught  in  Elmira  college,  French  and  mathemat- 
icf;,  1889-90;  senior  Engli.sh  teacher,  Minneapolis  east  high  school, 
1899.  Instructor  in  English,  University,  1900-04;  assistant  pro- 
fessor, 1904-07;  professor,  same,  1907  !o  date.  Author  of  Germels- 
hausen.  in  collaboration  with  Professors  Schlonker  and  Peck; 
magazine  stories  under  name  of  Frances  Boardman;  The  Balling- 
tons,  (novel)  Frances  Squire;  short  stories  and  pedagogical  articles, 


172  DICTIONARY   OP  THE 

Trances  Squire.  Member  Lyceum  club,  London,  190C;  Society 
American  vromen  in  London,  19&7;  education  committee  of  tlie 
Gene»-al   federation  of  women's  clubs  of  the  United   States. 

POTTER,  Marion — Instructor  in  Englisli,  1899-01.  Graduate  ot 
the  LTniversity,  class  of  1897.  Now  editor  of  tlie  Cumulative  booli 
index,    publislied   by  the   H.   W.    Wilson   company  of  this  city. 

POULTRY  BUILDING— Erected  in  1896,  at  a  cost  of  $1,000. 
Eemodelled  in  lOO'O.  Contains  apartments  for  a  number  of  breeds 
of  fowls,  and  is  CQuipped  fur  experiments  in  breeding-  and  feeding 
poultry. 

POWER  HOUSE— Erected  in  1S87,  at  a  cost  of  $18,000,  and  re- 
miodelnd  in  1904  at  an  additional  cost  of  $10i,000.  Contains  one 
lecture  room  with  a  seating  capacity  for  seventy-five  students,  in 
which  lectures  are  given  on  carpentry,  power  machinery  and 
creamery  engineering;  also  a  small  room  containing  a  simple  en- 
gine, steam  pumps,  injectors,  and  other  maiterials  used  for  the 
purpose  of  instruction.  Tlie  steam  heat,  electric  light,  power  and 
water  are  fuTnished  from  this  building  for  the  department  of  agri- 
culture. For  this  work,  four  one-hundred  horse-power  boilers,  two 
engines  and  dynamos,   and  tvv'o  deej)  well  pumps  are   employed. 

POUMERLIE,  Charles — Assistant  in  horticulture,  experiment 
station,    1887-89. 

POWELL,  Ransom  J. — Librarian  of  the  college  of  law,  1S9G-98; 
inbtructoi-  iu   justice  practice,    1898-02. 

PRATT,  Chelsea  C. — Junior  demonstrator  in  pathology  and  bac- 
teriology, 1907  to  date.  M.  D.,  University,  1906.  223  Harvard  street 
southeast. 

PREPARATORY  DEPARTM  ENT— This  department  was  organ- 
ized by  t!ie  special  board  of  three  regents,  and  opened  for  instruc- 
tion Octcbor  7,  1867.  The  legislature,  of  the  previous  year  had 
m.ide  an  appropriation  of  $1.5,000  "to  be  expended  in  repairing 
and  furnishing  the  University  building,  and  for  the  employment 
of  a  teacher  or  teachers  for  the  purpose  of  commencing  the  gram- 
mar and  norma!  department  of  the  University  of  Minnesota." 
Tliis  sum  was  spent- as  follows:  $5,804.38  for  current  expense,  in- 
cluding salaries,  and  the  balance  for  repairs.  The  faculty  of  this 
school  consisted  of  W.  W.  Washbui-n,  principal  and  instructor  in 
German  and  Latin,  Ira  Moore,  mathematics,  E.  H.  Twming,  nat- 
ural science,  and  A.  J.  Richardson,  English  branches.  The  at- 
tendance, during  the  first  session  was  72,  of  which  number  16 
were  young  women.  The  enrollment  of  the  second  session  was 
109,  including  35  young  women.  The  enrollment  for  the  third  ses- 
sion was  14G,  including  38  young  women.  The  formal  organization 
adopted  by  the  regents  and  the  election  of  the  first  University 
faculty,  August  23,  1869,  closed  this  chapter  of  University  history. 
PRIZES,  Cash — The  Pillsbury,  the  Eighty  nine .  memorial,  the 
Dunwoody,  the  Peavey,  the  Peavey-Dunwoody,  the  Wyman,  the 
William  Jennings  Bryan,  the  Briggs,  the  Lowden,  the  Minneapo- 
lis life  imdfM  writers,  the  Rollin  E.   Cutts. 

PS!  UPSILON — Mu  chapter  established  1891.  Founded  at  TTnion 
college  in  1833.  310  Twelfth  avenue  southeast.  This  fraternity 
absorbed  the  local  fraternity,  known  as  the  Theta  Phi,  which  was 
established    in    1S79. 

QUARTERLY  BULLETIN,  The—Published  from  May  1892  to 
June,  1891,  six  numbers,  by  the  University.  Edited  by  a  com- 
mittee of  the  faculty.  Professor  Conway  MacMillan,  editor-in- 
chief. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  173 

QUENSE.    J.    H.— Instructor    in    drawing,    1903-06. 

QUILL  The— A  good-fellowsliip  club,  the  members  of  which  are 
elected  from  among  the  young  women  connected  with  the  various 
Diil)lications    of    the   University.  „i^„,r 

RAMALEY,  Francis-Instructor  in  botany  and  pharmacology. 
1894-95;    instructor   in    botany    and    practical    pharmacognosy,    189o- 

''  RAMSEY,  Alexander,  St.  Paul-1851-56.  Bx-officio  regent,  goy- 
ernoi  of  tu;  state.  February  J 4.  ISOO-July  10;  1863.  -War  gov- 
ernor''    of   the   slate. 

RAMSEY,  waiter  R.-A^siscant  in  medicine,  1900-03;  ^^f^^J^^ 
in  pediatrics.  1903-05;  clinical  instructor  m  diseases  of  chUdien, 
1905   to   .iate.     115   Lowry  Arcade,    St.    Paul. 

RANDALL,  Clarence  B.— Instructor  in  drawing  and  farm  build- 
ings.    1902 -Hi. 

RANDALL,  Eugene  W.— Born  January  1,  1859,  Winona,  Minn. 
Hi^h  sc'ioo;  and  normal  school.'  Principal  of  the  Mtorris,  Minn., 
hi  'h  schcol,  two  years.  Other  experience  in  country  schools.  Re- 
gent of  the  University  1904  to  date  of  resignation,  June  ]3,  190i. 
Dean  and  director  of  the  department  of  agriculture,  1907  to  date. 
Secretary   of  the  State   agricultural   society,    1895-07. 

RANKIN,  Albert  W. — Born  in  Canada,  in  1852.  B.  A.,  Uni- 
versity, 18S0;  has  been  engaged  in  school  work  since  graduation. 
Eleven'  yeais  was  state  inspector  of  graded  schools.  Associate 
p-ufessor  of  education  since  190fi.  Author  of  many  articles  for 
educational   journals.     91G    Fifth    street   southeast. 

RAWSON,    Ralph    H.— Instructor   in  drawing,   1906-07. 
READ,    H.    K. — Demonstrator   of  anatomy,    1899-07. 
REAMER,    E.   F.— Assistant  in  ophthalmology  and  otology,   1899- 
02. 

REED,  Frank  E.,  1902,  law  1904— Manager  of  athletics,  1904-07. 
'  Mr    Reed   is   cnga^ed  in    the   practice  of  law  at  Glencoe. 

REES,  Soren  P.— Born  September  27,  1870,  Denmark,  Europe. 
Stillwater  !iigh  school,  1890;  B.  S.,  University,  1895;  M.  D.,  1897; 
interne,  one  year  at  St.  Barnabas  hospital.  Instructor  in  physical 
diagnosis  and  clirical  medicine,  since  1901.  Member  of  the  boara 
of  directors  of  the  General  alumni  association;  Theta  Delta  Chi; 
Phi  Beta  Kappa.  Author  of  articles  for  medical  journals;  member 
of  various  medical  societies. 

REGENT  FOR  LIFE — By  a  special  act  of  the  State  legislature, 
approved  March  27,  1905,  Honorable  John  S.  Pillsbury  was  made 
regent  for  life,  as  a  special  token  of  respect  and  appreciation  of 
his  services  to  the  University. 

REGENTS— See    Board    cf    regents. 

REID,  Harry  M. — Instructor  in  prosthetic  dentistry,  1896  to 
date.     21114    ijueen    avenue   south. 

REYNOLDS,  Myron  H. — Born  November  5,  186'5,  Wheaton,  111. 
Iowa  state  college,  four  years  scientific  course,  three  years  vet- 
erinary medieine;  three  years  course  in  medicine  and  two  years 
course  in  pharmacy  at  Iowa  college  of  physicians  and  surgeons, 
B.  S.  A.,  D.  V.  M.,  M.  D.,  Ph.  G.  Two  years'  experience  in 
country  schools.  Professor  of  veterinary  medicine  and  surgery, 
and  vetei-inarian  of  the  experiment  station,  since  1893.  Author  of 
Fi.stula;  A  Study  of  Cathartics;  State  Control  of  Hog  Cholera; 
State  Control  of  Glanders;  Prevention  Bettor  than  Treatment; 
Hog  Cholera  and   Swine  Plague,  bulletin;   AzDturia;   Bovine  Tuber- 


174 


DICTIONARY  OF  THE 


cii!osis,  bulletin;  Some  Parasitic  Diseases  of  Slieep;  Modern  "Vet- 
erinary Practice;  State  Work  with  Inspection  of  Diseases  of  Ani- 
mals; Hemorrhagic  Speticaemia;  Infectious  Abortion;  Recent  Vet- 
erinary Literature  of  Surgery;  Veterinary  Studies;  Stable  Ventila- 
tion, bulletin;  Milk  Affected  by  Handling  and  Exposure.  Organ- 
ized the  Minnesota  Jive  stock  sanitary  control;  the  board  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  two  most  efiicient  in  the  United  States. 

RHAME,  Mitchell  D. — Instructor  in  civil  engineering  and  indus- 
trial drawing,  1872-73,  assistant  professor  1873-74,  professor,  1874- 
80.     Now  assistant  chief  engineer  of  the  Milwaukee  Railway. 

RICE,  A.  E.,  Willmar— Appointed  regent  May  7,  1897,  reappoint- 
ed in  19(V3,  term  expires  in  1&09.  Born  in  Norway,  September  24, 
1847.  Member  of  Co.  K.  Loth  Wisconsin  volunteer  infantry,  dur- 
ing the  Civil  war.  Entered  the  banking  business  in  1S82;  presi- 
dent of  the  bank  of  Wilmar;  vice-president  of  the  Wilmar  Sash 
and  door  co.;  member  of  the  Minnesota  house  of  representatives, 
from  Hennepin  countj%  1870;  member  of  senate,  Kandiyohi  coun- 
ty, 1874 -S6,  except  one  term;  lieutenant  governor  of  Minnesota, 
18&6-91.     President  of  the  board  of  farmers'   institi'tes. 

RICE,    Henry   M.,  St.   Paul— Regent  1851-59. 

RICHARDSON,  A.  J — Instructor  in  English  branches  in  the 
preparatory   department   of   the    University,    1867-69. 

RICHARDSON,  Oscar  K. — Lecturer  (homeopathic)  on  life  in- 
surance examination.  1898-03.  Assistant  in  clinical  medicine,  1907 
to  date. 

RICKER,  George  E. — Professor  of  clinical  (homeopathic)  medi- 
cine, 1888-89;  and  phvsical  diagnosis,  1SS9-0j.  Died,  September, 
1905. 

RIDDLE,  William  Halderman — Born  on  a  farm  in  western 
Pennsylvania.  ([Completed  the  work  of  the  country  public  school, 
"select"  .school,  a  private  tutor,  grammar  school,  academy,  and  a 
small  college.  In  the  fall  of  1SS9  he  entered  Kansas  University. 
After  graduation,  in  1893,  he  taught  mathematics  and  English  in 
the  Lawrence  high  school  for  one  year,  and  then  went  to  Har- 
vard, entering  as  a  member  of  the  class  of  1895.  He  received  Ms 
degree  of  B.  A.  the  following  spring,  with  "honorable  mention" 
in  mathematics.  During  1S95-96,  he  continued  his  work  at  Har- 
vard as  Townsend  scholar  in  mathematics  and  received  his  mas- 
ter's degree.  Positions  in  two  of  New  England's  best  and  most 
famous  secondaiy  schools  were  offered  him,  but  he  refused  theni 
to  come  to  the  University  as  instructor  in  mathematics.  On  Jan- 
uary 9,  occurred  the  street  car  collision,  in  which  Professor  Riddle 
was  fatally  injured;  he  died  January  23,  1897. 

RIDER,  Don  DuVello — Instructor  in  prosthetic  technics,  1905 
to    date. 

RIGGS,  Charles  Eugene— Born  in  1S53,  "West  Unity,  Ohio.  Grad- 
uate of  Ohio  "Wosleyan  university,  Delaware,  Ohio.  Professor  of 
mental  and  ner\-ous  diseases  since  the  organization  of  the  de- 
partment,   in   1888.     595    Dayton   avenue,    St.    Paul. 

RIHELD.AFFER,    J.    G.,    St.    Paul— Regent    1853-59. 

Rl  NGN  ELL,   C.   J. — Assistant  in   laryngology,   1894-95. 

RIPLEY,  G.  C. — Lecturer  on  equity  jurisprudence  and  proced- 
ure,  1888-89. 

RITCHIE,   A.    F.— Professor  of  anatomy,    1888-89.     Died   1907. 

RITCHIE,  Harry  Parks— Born  March  2,  1873,  "Wellington.  Kan- 
sas.    Public  schools  of   St.   Paul,   Minn.;   high  school,    1890;   Ph.    B., 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  175 

Yale,  1S93;  M".  D.,  University,  1896.  Surgeon  U.  S.  volunteers, 
1898-00.  Assistant  in  gynecology,  1897-01;  instructor  in  gynecolo- 
gy,   1901    to    date. 

RITCHIE,  Parks-Born  December  15,  1845,  Bainbridge,  Ind. 
Graduate  of  Pianklin  academy,  Franklin,  Ind.  Ohio  medical  col- 
lege, M.  D.,  1870;  practiced  medicine  at  Petersburg,  Ind.,  re- 
moved to  Wellington.  Kansas,  1871-73;  returned  to  Indiana  and  prac- 
ticed eight  years  at  Martinsville;  graduate  work  at  the  College 
of  physicians  and  surgeons,  New  York,  and  Bellevue  hospital  col- 
lege, ISSO-Sl;  practiced  medicine  in  .St.  Paul  since  1881.  Professor 
of  obstetrics  from  the  organization  of  the  college  of  medicine  and 
surgery,  18SS  to  date.  Dean  of  same  college  lS97-€6.  Member  of 
the  medical  and  surgical  staff  of  St.  Luke's  hospital;  obstetrician 
of  City  and  county  hospitals,  St.  Paul;  member  of  the  American 
medical  association;  Minnesota  state  medical  association;  ex-pres- 
ident of  same,  Minnesota  academy  of  medicine,  ex-president  of 
same;  Ramsey  county  medical  society;  Obstetrical  council  of  the 
9th  international  medical  congress.  597  Summit  avenue,  St.  Paul. 
125  Dowry  Arcade. 

ROBERTS,  George  F. — Pi'ofessor  (homeopathic)  of  diseases  of 
women,    1895-04. 

ROBERTS,  Thomas  S. — Professor  of  diseases  of  children,  1900 
to   date.     1GC3   Fourth   avenue   aouth. 

ROBERTS,  William  B. — Lecturer  (homeopathic)  on  general  sur- 
gery, 19G3-04;  professor  general  surgery,  1904  to  date.  Pillsbury 
building. 

ROBERTSON,  D.  A.— Professor  of  agriculture  1869.  Died 
March  16,  1905,  at  the  family  residence,  in  the  city  of  Minneapo- 
lis,  in  his  83d  year. 

ROBERTSON,  William — Instructor  in  physics  and  language 
work,  school  of  agriculture,  1892-05;  superintendent  of  the  sub- 
station at  Crookston,  IWS-OG;  also  principal  of  the  Crookston  ag- 
ricultural scliool,  190G  to  date. 

ROBINSON,  Edward  VanDyke— Born  December  20,  1SG7,  Bloom- 
ington,  111.  Graduate  of  University  of  Michigan,  and  received  mas- 
tor's  degree  there  also;  Ph.  D.,  Leipzic;  principal  of  Rock  Island, 
111.,  high  school;  principal  of  St.  Paul  high  school;  acting  professor 
of  economics  and  politics,  Albion  college;  lecturer  on  physiography 
and  geography.  University  summer  school;  several  summers  in 
railway  offices  securing  practical  knowledge  of  certain  railroaxx 
problems;  profen.sor  of  economics.  University,  1907  to  date.  Au- 
thor of  many  articles  upon  high  school  matters,  and  the  following 
of  scientific  character  relating  to  his  specialty — War  and  Econom- 
ics in  History  and  Theory;  Division  of  Governmental  Powers  in 
Ancient  Greece:  The  Caroline  Islands  and  the  Terms  of  Peace; 
The  Isthmian  Canal;  Crete  and  the  Cretan  Question;  The  Study 
of  History-  in  Relation  to  the  Formation  of  Character;  The  Con- 
trol of  the  Nicar^.gua  Canai;  also  many  reviews  of  standard  pub- 
lications  for  leading  journals.     1213    Seventh  street   southeast. 

ROGERS,  John  T. — Clinical  instructor  in  diseases  of  children, 
lS9'5-98;  clinical  instructor  in  surgery,  1898-02;  clinical  professor 
of  surgei->'.  1902   to  date.     Lowry  Arcade,    St.   Paul. 

ROLLIN  E.  CUTTS  PRIZE  IN  SURGERY,  The— Dr.  Mar>-  E. 
Smith  Cutts,  Med.  '91,  has  given  the  University,  as  a  memorial 
of  her  husband.  Dr.  Rollin  E.  Cutts,  Med.  '91.  the  sum  of  J500.O0, 
the  income  from  which  is  to  be  awarded  in  the  form    of    a    gold 


176  DICTIONARY   OF  THE 

medal  to  that  member  of  the  senior  class  of  the  college  of  medi- 
cine and  surtrery  who  presents  the  best  thesis  showing  original 
work  upon   a   surgical   subject. 

ROME,  Robert  Rasmussen — Born  March  4,  1865,  Denmark.  Uni- 
versity academy,  Chicago;  Denison  University,  Granville,  Ohio. 
One  year  at  Rush,  18S3;  Hahnemann  college,  Chicago,  1891;  Uni- 
versity. M.  D.,  1892.  Supplied  the_  pulpit  of  the  Albert  Lea  Bap- 
tist church,  1SS9.  Ad.iunct  protessor,  in  charge  of  clinical  obstet- 
rics, college  of  homeopathic  medicine  and  surgery,  1894-90;  clini- 
cal professor  of  obstetrics,  1896-02;  professor  of  diseases  of  women>' 
10'02-0'3;  senior  professor  of  gynecology,  1903  to  date;  author  of 
many  articles  for  medical  and  surgical  journals;  inventor  of  an 
instrument  for  measuring  the  internal  conjuge  of  living  women 
to  ascertain  if  childbirth  is  possible.  90'0  Twenty-second  avenue 
south 

ROSE,  Bert  A. — Born  August  18,  1866,  St.  Paul,  Minn.  Gradu- 
ate of  high  school;  music  teacher  for  twenty  years.  Band  master, 
University.     710  Seventh  street  southeast. 

ROSE,  Norman  W. — In-slructor  in  drawing,  1906  to  date.  209 
State    street    southeast. 

ROSEN DAHL,  Carl  Otto— Born  October  24,  1875,  Spring  Grove, 
Minn,  .attended  countr\-  schools;  Decorah,  la.,  institute,  1896; 
B.  S.,  University,  1901;  M.  S.,  1902;  Ph.  D.,  Berlin,  1905,  after  two 
years  of  graduate  work  at  that  institution.  Taught  one  year  in 
country  school.  Scholar  in  botany,  1900-01;  instructor,  same,  1901- 
02;  assistant  professor,  same,  190-5  to  date.  Author  of  Contribu- 
tions to  Flora  of  Southeastern  Minnesota;  Die  Nordamerikanischen 
Saxifragineen  urd  ihre  Verwandtschaftsverhaltnisse  in  Bezeihung 
zu  ihrer  Geographiscbeu  Verbreitung  (doctor's  thesis);  Observa- 
tiori  on  Plant  Distribution  in  Renfrew  Distiict  of  Vancouver  Isl- 
a.nd.     626    Sixteenth   avenue   southeast. 

ROTH  ROCK,  John  L. — Clinical  instructor  in  pathology,  1898- 
03,  and  gynecolog>-,  1903-05;  clinical  professor  of  diseases  of  wom- 
en,   1905    to    date.     Dowry   Arcade,    St.    Paul. 

RUGGLES,  Arthur  Gordon — Born  May  30,  1875,  Annapolis  Roy- 
.al,  N.  S.  Normal  school  and  agricultural  college,  Trui  o,  N.  .S. ; 
B.  S.  A.,  Cornell;  M'.  S.,  same.  Taught  four  years  in  public  schools 
of  Nova  Scotia.  Instructor  in  entomology  and  zoology,  school  of 
agriculture,  and  experiment  station,  1904  to  date.  14e5  Raymona 
a\enue,    St.    Anthony   Park. 

RUSSELL,  Ber^t — Irsxructor  in  chemistry,  1902-03.  Now  assist- 
ant  examiner  of  patents,    Washington,    D'.    C. 

RUSSELL,  H.  L. — Instructor  in  bacteria  in  dairy  products, 
1902    to   date. 

RYAN,  Gussie  K. — Stenographer,  office  of  purchasing  agent,  704 
E.   Sixth  street,  St.   Paul. 

RYAN,  Wiltiam — In>jtructoi-  in  electrical  engineering,  1907  to 
date.     1406    Seventh    street    southeast. 

SALT  SPRING  LANDS— The  United  States  government,  in  1857, 
ceded  to  Mnincsjta  46.080  acres  of  so-called  "salt  spring  lands." 
The  legislature  of  Minnesota  gave  7,643  acres  to  the  Belle-Plaine 
salt  company  to  encourage  the  investigations  of  this  company 
into  the  possibility  of  using  the  lands  for  the  production  of  salt. 
No  residts  were  accomplished  through  this  grant.  The  company 
di.sposing  of  the  land  at  a  good  figure  and  doing  almost  no  work 
in  return  fTr  the  same.  A  second  grant  was  asked  by  the  same 
company,    and    the    legislature   called    Professor   Winchell,    of    Uni- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  \^^ 

versitv  of  Michigan,  to  invnstigate  and  report.  His  report  showed 
that  nothing  wa.s  to  be  hoped  from  such  grants,  and  in  IS/Z  an 
art  was  passed  creating  the  geological  and  natural  history  survey 
and  grantin,-;  to  that  survey,  for  Its  support,  all  of  the  ands  tlien 
remaining  of  the  congressional  grant  of  18.57.  It  was  found  that 
of  the  40.080  acres  granted  by  Congress,  11,520  acres  were  situ- 
ated on  land.«  belonging  to  the  Indians;  G,750'  acres  had  oeen  taken 
up  bv  settlers,  under  the  homestead  laws,  and  1.600  acres  covered 
bv  a"  previous  swarnp  and  gi'ant,  making  a  total  of  LT.al.-.  acres 
not  available  for  the  encowment  of  the  survey,  and  leaving  but 
18  751  acres  available  for  that  purpose.  Governor  PiUsoury  intro- 
du'ced  into  the  legislature,  and  secured  the  passage  of  a  resolution 
asking  Concress  to  cede  other  lands  to  cover  those  which  had 
Sen  fost  to"  the  state  thrc^ugh  no  fault  of  its  own.  In  1879.  this 
w?«.  done,  and  twenty-fou;-  sections,  15,360  acres  were  ceded  to 
the  state  and  by  the  state  made  over  for  the  endowment  of  the 
survev!  maUiSg  the  total  amount  of  land  available  for  the  pur- 
nose  '34  114  acres.  The  .«al5S  of  these  lands,  to  August  1.  1906, 
amounted  to  $303,475.23.  There  w..d  then  due  on  contracts  out- 
s  andhig  $r  815.17.  There  were  about  5,000  acres  of  land  un- 
sold For  tliis  information  we  are  indebted  to  D.  W.  Sprague. 
University  accountant. 

SALUTATORIANS-1S76,  W.  E.  Leonard;  1877.  E.  A^  Currie; 
1S78,  Marv  W.  Robinson;  1879,  George  H.  Partridge;  1880.  GW^ 
Smiih;  1881.  Margaret  Campbell;  1882,  A.  F  HUyer;  1883  ^illiam 
E.  Fay;  1SS4,  Emma  Zwinggi;  1SS5,  Mary  I  Irving;  1886.  Ada  L. 
Kiehle;  1887.  N.  M.  Cross;  1888,  Alice  A.  Adams;  1889.  W.B.  La- 
due  9135;  1890.  Milton  Rex,  92.66;  1891.  T.  G.  Soares.  94.<6;  1892, 
Clii-  E  Banev  94.55;  1893,  A.  C.  Knudson,  96.34;  1894,  Theodore 
Clark,  94.05; 'iSaS,  Clarence  B.  Miller.  94.43;  1896,  J-  N  Berg,  92.05; 
1<!97  Helen  C.  Woodman.  94.22;  1898,  Annabel  W.  Beach,  9o.71; 
for  the  following  years  the  honor  of  "salutatory"  was  not  award- 
ed but  the  persons  named  were  granted  second  honors  in  schoi- 
arsiiip— 1899  B  S  Nickerson.  94.49;  1900,  Allen  R.  Benham,  9o.l2; 
1901,    Hariy    C.    Libby, ;    1902,    Katherine   Jacobson, . 

SALUTATORY— See   Valedictory. 

SANDE'=?S,  Henry  A.— Instructor  in  Latin,  1897-99.  Born  and 
reared  in  Maine.  Attended  the  Maine  state  normal  school  at 
Farmington,  and  later  the  Coburn  classieal  institution  at  W  ater- 
ville  Graduated  from  University  of  Michigan  where  he  made  a 
«pecialtv  of  Latin  and  Greek.  Taught  in  the  Minneapolis  Central 
high  school  for  two  vears,  and  a  year  in  the  Central  high  school 
of'^Kansas  city.  Missouri.  From  there  he  was  recalled  to  the  Uni- 
versitv  of  Michigan,  as  instructor  in  Latin  and  Greek,  where  he 
remained  for  two  years.  In  1894  he  took  his  second  degree  of 
A.  M.  from  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  in  the  years  of  1895-96 
ho  studied  at  the  University  of  Berlin,  Germany,  and  the  years, 
of  1896-97  at  Munich,  where  he  took  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  Re- 
called   to    Michigan    in    1899,    where    he    now    is. 

SANFORD,  Edward  Patterson— Born  July  29.  1877,  Philadelphia, 
Pa  Grade  and  high  schoo's  of  Philadelphia;  B.  A.,  1900;  M.  A., 
1902;  LL.  B.,  '05.  Instructor  in  rhetoric,  190O-OJ;  assistant  pro- 
fessor 190.- -Ofi.  Now  engaged  in  business  with  Butler  Brothers, 
Minneaiiolis. 

SANFORD,  Mary  F.,  1902— General  secretary  of  the  University 
Y.  "\V.  C.  A.,   190.3-05. 

SANFORD,  Maria  L.— Born  December  19,  1836,  Saybrook,  Conn. 
She   spent   her  girlhood   in  Meriden.    Conn.     Connecticut  state   nor- 


178  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

mal  school,  ISoii;  ten.  years  she  taught  in  the  schools  of  Connecti- 
cut—five in  New  Haven.  She  then  went  to  Coatesville,  Pa.,  where 
she  was  superintendent  of  the  schools,  and  principal  of  the  high 
school.  Resigning  there  she  accepted  the  position  of  teacher,  and 
was  afterwards  made  professor  of  history,  elocution  and  rhetoric 
in  Swarthmore  college.  Here  she  taught  for  ten  years.  While  at 
Swarthmoro  she  lectured  extensively  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland. 

In  the  fall  of  1S80  she  came  to  the  University  as  assistant 
professor  of  rhetoric  and  elocution,  1880-81;  professor  of  same, 
1S>;1  to  date.  Professor  Sanforu  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest 
in  the  various  works  of  a  charitable  and  religious  nature.  She 
has  been  a  director  of  the  Northwestern  hospital,  and  president 
of  the  Woman's  auxiliary  to  the  Young  Women's  Christian  associa- 
tion. In  temperance  work  her  influence  is  felt  throughout  thie 
state.  As  an  eloquent,  forcible,  popular  and  earnest  speaker.  Miss 
Sanford  is  well  known  to  the  people  of  Minnesota,  having  given 
numerous,  addresses  in  practically  every  part  of  the  state.  She 
was  recently  introduced  to  an  audience  as  the  "best  known  and 
best  loved  woman  in  the  state  of  Minnesota."  She  is  actively 
connected  with  various  women's  organizations  and  takes  an  ac- 
tive interest  in  everything  that  piomises  civic  betterment.  lOoO- 
Thirteenth   avenue    southeast. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  Cal. — The  Minnesota  alumni  association  of 
northern  California.  President,  George  A.  Clark,  1S91;  secretary, 
Frank    V.    Cornish,    1893. 

SARDESON,  Frederick  William — Born  February  22,  1866,  Wiota, 
Wis.  B.  L.,  University.  1891;  M.  S.,  '92;  Freiburg  in  Baden,  Ger- 
many, Ph.  D.,  '95.  Scholar  in  Geology,  University,  1892-93;  in- 
structor, 1894-90 ;  instructor  in  paleontology,  1897-06;  assistant  pro- 
fessor of  same,  1906  to  date.  Field  geologist,  U.  S.  Geological 
survey,  1SS9-90;  geological  survey  of  Baden,  1894-95;  field  work 
summers  for  various  purposes.  Author  of  many  scientific  articles 
on  geology  and  paleontology,  in  professional  journals.  Phi  Beta 
Kappa;  Sigma  Xi;  Fellow  of  the  Geological  society  of  America; 
Fellow  cf  American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science. 
414  Harvard   street  southeast. 

SAVAGE,  Charles  Albert — Born  September  4,  ]866,  Stockbridge, 
M'ass.  Attended  various  grade  and  high  schools,  Stockbridge, 
Mass.,  and  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  and  St.  Paul,  Minn.  University;  A.  B. 
Johns  Hopkins,  1S95;  Ph.D.,  same.  1903.  Several  years  experience 
in  business,  grain  and  insurance.  Instructor  in  Latin,  1899-03;  as- 
sistant professor  of  Latin,  1903-04;  same  of  Latin  and  Greek,  1904 
to  date.  Author  of  dissertation  entitled,  The  Athenian  Family,  a 
sociological  and  legal  study,  based  chiefly  on  the  works  of  Attic 
orators.     Now   in   press.     454   Ashland   avenue,   St.   Paul. 

SAWYER,  John  E. — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  the  history  and 
methodologi"  of  medicine,   1894-95. 

SAWYER,    Wesley    G.* — Assistant  professor   of   German,    1873-74. 

SCABBARD  AND  BLADE,  The — A  branch  of  the  National  mil- 
itary organization  was  established  at  the  University  in  1905.  This 
is  a  fraternal  oi'ganization  among  the  officers  of  the  University 
corps  of  cadets.  The  Minnesota  branch  is  known  as  Company  B, 
of    the    National    organization. 

SCANDINAVIAN  LITERARY  CLUB,  The— An  organization  of 
students  of  the  department  of  Scandinavian,  whose  purpose  is  to 
promote  interest  in  the  studv  of  Scandinavian  languages  and  liter- 
atures. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  179 

SCHADLE,  Jacob  E. — Clinical  instructor  in  diseases  of  nose 
and  throat,  1S95-98;  clinical  professor,  same,  1898-03;  clinical  pro- 
fessor laryngology,  rhinoloyy  and  otolog-y,  1903-04;  of  rhinolog-y 
and    larynsoiogv,   1904    to  date.     I.o^vry  Arcade,    St.    Paul. 

SCHAPER,  William  A.— Born  April  17,  1SG9,  L«,  Crosse,  Wis. 
State  n.'rnial,  Ri\  or  Falls,  Wis.,  1886-91;  B.  L.,  Wisconsin,  1895; 
M.  A.,  Columbia,  1S9S;  Ph.  D.,  same,  1901.  University  of  Berlin, 
Germany,  1900-01:  University  scholar  at  Columbia,  1896-97;  Uni- 
versity fellow,  sajne,  1897-98.  Winner  of  the  Justin  Winsor  Prize, 
l&OO.  T.aught  in  common  school,  1887-88;  Dubuque,  la.,  higit 
school,  18S9-9'0.  Some  retail  business  experience;  U.  S  Census, 
population  division,  1890;  secretary  of  the  convention  of  employers 
and  employes,  1902;  instructor  in  political  science,  1900-01;  assist- 
ant professor,  1902-04;  profcs.sor,  same,  1904  to  date.  Author  of 
Sectionalism  and  Representation  in  North  Carolina,  lOOO;  Report 
of  Employers  and  Employes  Convention,  1903;  What  .Students  know 
about  American  Government;  suggested  the  organization  of  the 
American  Political  Science  Association  in  Philadelphia,  1902;  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  committee  of  same,  1902-07;  chairman  of 
comjnittee  on  instruction  in  political  science.  623  Fulton  street 
southeast. 

SCHEFICK,  J.  Francis — Instructor  in  materia  medica,  college 
of    dentistry,    19u5    to    date.     Masonic    Temple. 

SCHINZ,  Albert— Instructor  in  French,  1898-99.  Born  at  Neu  • 
chatf^l.  Rwiizerland,  1870.  Educated  at  the  same  place,  receiving 
hi?  B  A.  In  ISSS  and  his  A.  M'.  in  1889.  He  received  the  degree 
of  Eicentiate  in  theology  in  1892;  Ph.  D.,  Tubingen,  1894.  Student 
in  Paris  1S94.  During  the  year  1896-7  he  was  associate  professor 
of  philosophy  at  the  University  of  Neuchatel.  The  year  1S97-S  he 
spent  at  Clark  University,  Worcester,  Mass.  Specialized  in  phil- 
osophy and  the  German  and  French  Literatures  of  the  XIX  cen- 
tury. 

SCHLENKER,  Carl— Born  .Tune  S,  1869,  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.  A. 
B.,  Michigan,  1892;  University  of  Iowa,  1896-98;  Berlin,  1900.  Pro- 
fessor of  English  and  modern  languages,  Carthage  college,  1892-96; 
instructor  in  German,  Iowa  University,  189fi-98;  instructor  in  Ger- 
man, Universitv,  1898-00;  assistant  professor  of  German,  1900-05; 
professor  same,  1905  to  date.  Editor  of  Collegian,  1892-96;  con- 
tributor to  various  periodicals  and  daily  press  on  subjects  deal- 
ing with  tlio  drama;  Germelshausen,  in  collaboration  with  Professors 
Potter  and  Peck;  editor  of  Deutsche  Gedichte.  422  Union  street 
southeast. 

SCHMIDT,   Gottfried— Dispensary  assistant,   1901- 
SCHOEN,    Ida— Instructor    in    German    1897-98,    during    the    ab- 
sence of  licr  sister  Marie. 

SCHGEN,  Marie — Instructor  in  German,  1892-96. 
SCHOEN-RENE,  Anna — Born  in  Prussia.  Her  father  was  Roy- 
al Cc:\nt  ("nimsolior  tmdrr  Emperor  AVilliam  I.  Slie  received  a  lib- 
eral cducaticn  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  entered  the  Royal  Conserv- 
atory in  Berlin,  where  she  made  .<?reat  progress  under  Frau  Schult- 
zen  von  Asten.  and  won  the  Mendelssohn  prize,  which  is  annually 
offered  in  Berlin,  from  a  class  of  eighty. 

After  the  death  of  her  father  she  went  to  Milan  for  three  sea- 
sons of  study  under  the  great  Eamperte.  Upon  her  return  to  Ger- 
many she  made  her  debut  in  a  grand  concert  given  under  the  pa- 
tronage of  Prince  Frederic  Karl  of  Prussia.  Her  success  was  in- 
stantaneous, the  method,  culture,  and  delivery  of  her  voice  creat- 
ing   tremendous    enthusia.sm. 


l8o  DICTIONARY   OP  THE 

Still  unsatisfied  with  lier  accomplisliments,  she  went  to  Paris 
and  passed  a  year  witii  Mme.  Pauline  Viai-dot-Garcia.  In  Paris 
also  FrJ.  SchoeurRene  sang  in  opera  and  concert  with  great  suc- 
cess. She  was  the  first  German  lady  ever  elected  a  member  of 
the  International  Union  of  Arts  and  Science  of  which  the  famous 
Lamoureux  is  president. 

In  1890  she  came  to  this  country  to  fulfil  an  engagement  in 
Italian  opera,  but  was  taken  very  ill  in  New  York  and  was  obliged 
to  give  up  her  operatic  career.  Soon  after  she  came  to  Minneap- 
olis and  in  1S94  she  organized  the  University  Choral  Union  which 
for  four  years  she  made  the  most  noted  musical  organization  in  the 
northwest.     She   discontinued    her   work   in    this   line   in   1897, 

SCHOLARSHIPS,  Endowed— The  Moses  Marston,  The  Albert 
Howard,    The   Ludden. 

SCHOOL  OF  AGRICULTURE— The  total  attendance  upon  the 
regular  courses  in  the  school  of  agriculture,  from  ISSS  down  to  1907, 
wn.s   4,283,   excluding  duplicates. 

SCHOOL    OF    DESIGN,    Freehand    Drawing    and    Woodcarving— 

See   College   of   engineering. 

SCHOOL  OF  MINES  BUILDING— Was  erected  in  1903  at  a 
total  cost  of  $61,000,  the  proceeds  of  two  different  appropriations. 
The  building  is  designed  to  accommodate  only  the  technical  work  of 
the  school,  as  adequate  building  accomodations  have  already  -been 
furnished  for  chemistry,  geology,  mineralogy,  drawing  and  mechan- 
ical and  electrical  engineering.  It  is  150  feet  long  by  G5  feet  wide. 
It  is  a  red  brick  building  three  stories  high.  The  lower  floor  is 
occupied  by  the  assaying  and  metallurgical  laboratories;  the  sec- 
ond floor  contains  offices,  two  large  lecture  rooms,  depart- 
mental library  and  a  museum;  the  third  floor  provides  two  quiz 
rooms,  a  large,  well  lighted  draughting  room,  thesis  room,  a  dark 
room  and  a  blue  print  room. 

SCHOOL  OF  MINES  SOCIETY,  The— This  organization  is 
maintained  by  the  students  of  the  school  of  m.ines  for  the  purpose 
of  promotin.g  the  interests  cf  the  students  in  mining  topics.  The 
society  provides  monthly  lectures  by  its  own  members,  prominent 
alumni  of  the  school  and  others  who  can  be  obtained  foi'  the  pur- 
pose. The  society  publishes  an  annual  report  containing  a  report 
of  the  year's  work  and  up-to-date  list  of  the  alumni  of  the  school. 

SCHULTEN,    Jessie    L. — Assistant   in   rhetoric   since  ' — . 

SCHULZ,  Waldemar — Instructor  in  German,  1899-1904.  Boi-n 
near  Konigsberg,  Prussia,  liSGO.  Received  his  early  education  at  the 
Royal  Gymnasium  of  Insterburg.  Specialized  for  two  years  in 
mathematics  and  physics  at  University  of  Konigsberg.  Received 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  University  of  Berlin  in  1887.  Taught  for 
several  years  in  New  York,  Rhode  Island  and  Massachusetts.  In 
1898  he  held  an  honorary  fellowship  at  Cornell  University.  Mem- 
ber of  th(^  American  Mathematical  Society. 

SCHUMACHER,  Albert  J. — Instructor  in  civil  engineering  and 
physics,   1890-91. 

SCHUR MEIER  PRIZE,  The— For  the  best  essay  presented  by  an 
undergraduate  student  upon  an  assigned  topic.  This  prize,  $20, 
was  established  by  the  Honorable  Theodore  D.  Schurmeier,  of  St. 
Paul,  in  1899.  The  prize  has  been  awarded  as  follows:  in  1898,  to 
Arthur  A.  McBride;  in  1899,  to  E.  F.  McGinnis  and  W.  D.  Galvin, 
who  tied  for  first  place,  was  awarded  one  half  the  prize  money 
each;  in  1900,  to  Perl  W.  Mabey:  in  1902,  to  George  T.  Webb;  in 
1903,   to  C.    Youngquist;   in  1904.   to  N.   F.   Soderberg. 

SCHWARTZKOPFF,  Olaf — Professor  of  veterinary  science  and 
veterinarian    of   the   experiment   station.    1888-1892. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  l8i 

SCIENCE,  LITERATURE  AND  THE  ARTS,  The  College  of— 
This  college  was  provided  in  the  charter  of  the  University  and  was 
organized  by  the  regents  at  tlie  very  beginning,  along  with  the 
college  or'  agriculture  and  mechanic  arts.  The  work  of  this  course 
extended  from  the  grades  to  the  completion  of  work  for  the  bach- 
elor's degree,  and  the  revised  plan  adopted  in  July  ISTl,  looked 
toward  the  providing  of  advanced  work  leading  to  corresponding 
advance  degrees.  The  preparatory  work  was  dropped  off  gradual- 
ly, preparatory  classes  being  discontinued  in  1874,  1876  and  the  fin- 
al preparatory  class  being  dropped  in  1890. 

Admiission  to  this  college  is  based  upon  the  completion  of  a  full 
four-year  high  school  course  or  its  equivalent,  together  with  an 
examination  in  English  to  determine  the  applicant's  command  of 
English  both  written  and  spoken.  The  college  course  embraces 
four  years  and  leads  to  uhe  degree  of  bachelor  of  arts.  The  six- 
year  medical  course  is  a  prescribed  course,  the  first  two  years  of  the 
cour.se  being  pursued  In  this  college,  and  the  first  two  years'  work 
in  either  the  college  of  medicine  and  surgery  or  the  college  of  ho- 
meopatliic  medicine  and  surgery,  leads  to  the  degree  ba.chelor  of 
science.  As  originally  organized  this  college  provided  courses  in 
the  classics,  In  science  and  literature  and  the  degrees  granted  were 
bachelor  of  arts,  science,  or  literature.  In  1899,  provision  was 
made  for  offering  work  in  a  so-called  civic  course,  leading  to  the 
dGgree  bachelor  of  philosophy  and  one  class,  of  ten  members,  was 
graduated  in  1901.  Beginning  with  the  year  1901-02,  all  distinc- 
tion in  courses  was  abolished  and  the  course  was  made  more  large- 
ly elective  and  all  completing  the  course  were  given  the  degree 
bachelor  of  arts. 

Until  the  beginning  ot  the  year,  1893-94,  the  work  of  the  junior 
and  senior  years  was  not  wholly  elective,  though  from  the  very  be- 
ginning some  provision  had  been  made  for  elective  work  in  these 
two  years,  the  amount  being  gradually  increased  until  the  year 
1893-94,  when  all  of  the  work  of  these  two  years  was  made  entirely 
elective.  The  work  of  the  freshman  and  sophomore  years  was, 
nowe\er,  outlined  with  rare  chances  to  secure  options  up  to  about 
the  middle  of  the  nineties,  when  the '  elective  system,  hedged  in 
by  more  or  less  stringent  regulations,  had  become  fairly  well  es- 
tablished rs  a  principle.  From  that  time  on  until  the  opening 
of  the  year  1904  when  the  work  of  these  years  was  made  prac- 
tically elective,  the  principle  made  progress  and  finally  resulted 
in  the  work  of  the  whole  course  being  made  elective,  w'ith  but 
few  restrictions.  This  college  has  thirty  three  professors,  twenty 
three  assistant  prcfessor-s,  thirty  four  instructors  and  thirty 
t)ne  scholars  and  assistants.  A  large  portion  of  the  work  of  this 
college,  was  formerly  carried  on  in  the  old  main  and  is  now 
housed  in  Folwell  Hall.  Pillsbury  Hall,  the  Chemical  laIx)ratory 
building,  the  Library  building,  and  the  Physical  Laboratory 
■building,  also  help  to  house  this  college.  This  college  did  not  have 
a  dean  until  the  year  1003-04.  The  affairs  of  the  college  are  gov- 
erned, as  in  the  case  of  other  colleges,  by  the  faculty,  subject  in 
all  matters  of  uni;sual  importance  to  the  action  of  the  board  of 
regents. 

The  tuition  charged  in  tins  college  is  $20  a  year  and  double  this 
sum   for   non-residents. 

SCOTT,  Carlyle  McRoberts. — Born  Dt^cember  1st,  1873,  Law- 
rence, Mass.  High  school  work  in  Massachusetts;  one  year  in  Uni- 
versity of  Leipzig;  two  years  in  the  Conservatory  of  M'usic,  Leip- 
zig: two  years  with  pri\'ate  teachers  in  IjCipzig.  Taught  one  year 
in  Leipzig  and  in  Minneapolis  since  1901.  Assistant  professor  of 
music,  in  charge  of  the  department,  since  1904.  30  Thirteenth 
street  south. 


l82  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

SCHROEDEL,  Theophilus  Henry.— Born  September  I'Gth,  1882, 
Ridgeville.  Wis.  Concordia  College  Academy,  St.  Paul;  graduated 
Northwestern  University,  "Watertown,  Wis.,  li&02;  three  years' 
course  in  theology  German  Lutheran  seminary,  Wauwatosa,  Wis., 
graduating,  190S.  Assistant  pastor  of  German  Evangelical  Luther- 
an Trinity  Church  of  St.  Paul.  1905-0'6.  Instructor  in  German, 
University,   1906    to  date.     14   Iglehart   avenue,    St.    Paul. 

SEATTLE,  Wash. — An  alumni  organization  is  maintained.  C. 
J.  Zintheo,  '97,  secretary.  The  secretary's  business  address  is  454 
Arcade  building. 

SEDGWICK,  Julius  Parker.— Instructor  in  physiological  chem- 
istry.    Andrus  building. 

SELF-SUPPORTING  STUDENTS— Students  of  the  University, 
to  a  very  large  degree,  are  either  partially  or  wholly  self-support- 
ing. The  location  of  the  University  in  the  Twin  Cities  makes  it 
possible  lor  a  large  number  of  students  to  do  this.  The  kinds  of 
employment  secured  by  students  to  help  pay  their  own  way,  is  lim- 
ited only  by  the  kinds  of  work  available  in  a  large  city.  Everj-thing 
that  anyone  can  do  is  attempted  by  the  students.  Students  who 
have  learned  a  trade  before  coming  to  the  University  And  it  a  com- 
paratively easy  matter  to  earn  a  large  proportion  of  their  expenses 
while  attending  the  University.  For  a  fuller  statement  of  this 
matter,  see  bulletin,  published  in  1899,  containing  live  papers 
written  by  students  who  made  their  way  through  the  University. 

SENIOR  ENGINEER'S  SOCIETY— Organized  in  1906  for  the 
purpose  of  bringing  its  members  into  closer  union  and  co-opera- 
tion and  to  strengthen  the  bonds  of  fiiendship  among  its  members. 
It  was  not  until  the  spring  of  1907,  however,  that  the  idea  of  mak- 
ing it  a  permanent  organization  was  brought  up  and  steps  taken 
to  carry  it  out.  It  is  not  the  intention  of  the  founders  that  it 
should  become  an  exclusive  society,  but  rather  a  nucleus  of  repre- 
sentative mon  about  which  the  college  life  of  the  whole  senior 
class  may  center. 

SENIOR  PROIVIENADE,  The— An  annual  ball  given  by  the  se- 
nior class  during  commencement  week.  The  custom  was  inaugu- 
rated by  the  class  of  1888  and  the  first  promenade  was  given  in  the 
old  Coliseum  in  commencement  week  of  1838. 

SENKLER,  Albert  E. — Pi-ofessor  theory  and  practice  of  med- 
icine,  1888-91;  professor  of  clinical  medicine  1894-99. 

SENKLER,  George  E. — Clinical  instructor  in  physical  diagmosis. 
1897-04;  clinical  instructor  in  medicine,  1904-06;  clinical  professor 
of  medicine  1906  tc  date.     Endicott  Arcade,  St.  Paul. 

SEWALL,  Hannah  R. — Assistant  in  political  science  and  chem- 
istry, 1892-93,  rhetoric  instead  of  chemistry,  1893-95;  assistant  in 
political  science,  1S9.J-1902. 

SH  A  KOREAN,  The — A  literary  society  limited  to  a  member- 
ship of  thirty-five  men,  who  have  as  their  object  of  existence  the 
securing  of  culture  in  debate  and  oratory.  Established  February 
15,  1893. 

SHAW,  John   M.— Lecturer  on  evidence,  1888-89. 

SHAW,  Thomas — Professor  of  animal  husbandry,  and  in  charge 
of  animal  husbandry  in  the  experiment  station,  1893-01;  Lecturer 
on  live  stock,  school  of  agriculture,   1891-04. 

SHEEP  BARN— Erected  in  1895,  at  a  cost  of  $1,400.  It  is  36 
X  120  feet  and  is  arranged  for  about  a  hundred  sheep,  and  is 
located  in  the  middle  of  a  field  used  for  growing  pasture  and 
fodder  crops  for  sheep,  and  lias  a  silo  and  root  cellar. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  183 

SHELDEN,  Walter  D.— Born  February  2nd,  1870,  AVindom, 
Minn.  B.  S.,  Wisconsin,  li91;  Rush  Medical,  M.  D.,  1895;  house 
physician.  Cook  County  hospital,  1895-97;  University  of  Vienna, 
19U1-03.  Clinical  assistant  in  medicine,  1904  to  date.  1030  An- 
drus   building. 

SHELDON,  Edmund  P.— Assistant  in  botany,  1890-92.  Instruc- 
tor 1894-95.  Graduate  of  the  University  class  of  1894.  Now  lum- 
berman  in  Portland,   Ore. 

SHEPARDSON,  George  Defrees— Born  1864,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
B.  A.  Dennison,  Granville,  Ohio;  E.  K.,  Cornell.  Instructor  in 
science.  Young  Ladies'  Institute,  Granville,  Ohio,  1880-87;  instruc- 
tor in  physics,  Cornell,  1890-91;  assistant  professor  of  electrical 
engineering,  University,  1891-92;  professor,  same,  1892  to  date. 
Motor  inspector  ana  station  operator,  Boston  Edison  Company, 
1887,  electrical  superintendent,  Akron,  Ohio,  1889-90;  consulting 
engineer  for  various  interests  in  Minnesota.  Author  of  numer- 
ous articles  in  the  technical  press,  in  proceedings  of  engineering 
societies;  Electrical  Catechism;  Electric  Train  Lighting;  Notes  on 
Alternating  Current  Phenomena.  Member  of  the  Americaji  In- 
stitute of  Electrical  Engineers;  National  Electric  Light  Associa- 
tion; Northwestern  Electrical  Association;  Society  for  Promotion 
of  Engineering  Education;  Sigma  Xi;  Minneapolis  Engineers  Club; 
Northeastern  Railway  Club;  Member  of  the  Jury  of  Awards  of 
Pan-American  Exposition,  Buffalo,  1901 ;  a,nd  at  Louisiana  Pur- 
chase Exposition  St.   Loins,   Mo.,   1904.     717  East  River  road. 

SHEPPERD,  Juniata — Instructor  in  cooking,  school  of  agricul- 
ture, 1896-98;  and  laundering,  1898-1902;  and  home  economics,  1902 
10  dat,e.     St.  Anthony  Park. 

SHERWOOD,  Charles  D. — Rushford — Regent  ex-ofTicio,  Lieu- 
tenant-governor,   January  llfh,    1864   to  March   4th,    1864. 

S.HI  PPM  AN,  M.  D. — Clinical  professor  (homeopathic)  of  otol- 
ogy, rhinology  and  laryngology,  1903  to  date.  4024  Sheridan  av- 
enue south. 

SHOOP,  Charles  F. — Instructor  in  mechanical  drawing  and 
assistant  in  engineering  mathematics,  1905  to  date.  209  State 
street  southeast. 

SHUMWAY,  Royal  R." — Instructor  in  mathematics,  1903  to  date. 
B.    A.,    University,    1903.      602   Essex   street  southeast. 

SIBLEY,  Henry  H.,  Mendota— Regent  1851-February  14,  1860. 
Again  appointed  in  1869  and  re-appointed  for  aeven  successive 
terms,  sers-ing  till  his  death,  which  occurred  on  the  anniversary 
of  the  charter  of  the  reorganized  University,  February  IS,  1891. 
President  of  the  board  from  1876  to  date  of  his  death.  General 
Sibley  was  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Feb.  20th,  1811.  He  was 
elected  as  delegate  to  Congress  from  Wisconsin  in  1848  and  imme- 
diately took  measures  of  introducing  a  bill  for  the  organization 
of  a  new  territory  to  include  what  is  now  Minnesota,  whicli  was 
then,  he  contended,  a  part  of  Wisconsin;  it  was  only  after 
a  long  and  bitter  contest  and  owing  largely  to  the  tact  and  energy 
of  Mr.  Sibley,  this  bill  became  a  law  March  3,  i849  on  the  last 
day   before  Congress    adjourned. 

The  new  territory  of  Minnesota  at  once  unanimously  elected 
Mr.  Sibley  its  first  delegate  to  Congress.  In  1853  he  returned  to 
private  life  and  in  the  following  year  was  chosen  to  represent 
Dakota  county  in  the  territorial  legislature.  He  took  a  prominent 
part  in  forming  the  constitution  for  the  State,  being  chairman  of 
one  of  the  two  conventions  that  simultaneously  produced  the 
constitution  under  the  enabling  act.  Mr.  Sibley  was  chosen  first 
governor  of  the  State  of  Minnesota,   his  term  expired  Jan.  1,   1860. 


184  DICTIONARY   OF   THE 

General  Sibley  had  command  of  the  forces  that  were  raised  to 
quell  the  Indian  outbreak,  which  occurred  August  18G2.  He  made 
a  brilliant  success  in  this  expedition  and  in  1865  was  appointed 
brevet  major  genera)  for  efficient  and  meritorious  services.  From 
this  time  to  the  end  of  his  life  Mr.  Sibley  was  actively  engaged 
In  business. 

SIDENER,  Charles  Frederick — Instructor  in  chemistry,  1883- 
89;  assistant  professor  of  chemistry,  1889-1904;  professor  of  chem- 
istry, 1904  to  date.  B.  S.,  University,  1883;  spent  one  year  in 
Kuropp  pursuing  advanced  work  in  his  specialty.  Author  of 
Quantitative  Metallurgical  Analysis.     1320   Fifth  street  southeast. 

SIGERFOOS,  Charles  Peter — Born  May  4th,  1865,  Arcanum, 
Onio.  B.  S.,  Ohio  State  University,  1889;  Ph.  D.,  Johns  Hopkins, 
1897.  Assistant  in  zoology,  Ohio  State,  1887-89;  instructor  in  com- 
parative anatomy,  same,  1889-91,  instructor  in  biology.  University 
of  Virginia,  1881-92;  assistant  in  zoology,  Johns  Hopkins,  1894-97; 
studied  at  seaside  in  Jamaica,  Massachusetts,  North  Carolina, 
and  Long  Island.  Assistant  professor  of  animal  biology.  Univer- 
sity, 1897-00;  professor  of  zoology,  1900  to  date.  Member  of  Beta 
Theta  Pi;  Sigma  Xi;  Phi  Beta  Kappa;  Fellow  American  Associa- 
tion for  Advancement  of  Science;  Member  of  American  Natur- 
alists and  Western  Naturalists  Associations.  328  Tenth  avenue 
southeast. 

SIGERFOOS,  Edward — ^Born  December  14,  1868,  Potsdam,  Ohio. 
Ph.  B.,  Ohio  State,  1891;  Honor  graduate  U.  S.  Infantry  and  Cav- 
alry School,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  1895.  U.  S.  Army  officer 
active  service  in  Cuba  and  the  Philippines,  Rank  of  Captain,  U. 
S.  Army,  1898  to  1903.  Professor  of  military  science  and  tactics 
1905  to  date.     328  Tenth  avenue  southeast. 

SIGMA  ALPHA  DELTA — An  inter-sorority  organization  of  jun- 
iors,   founded    in    1895. 

SIGMA  ALPHA  EPSILON — Alpha  chapter  established  in  1902. 
Founded  at  the  University  of  Alaloama  in  1856.  112  Church  street 
southeast. 

SIGMA  CHI — Alpha  Sigma  chapter  established  in  1888.  Founded 
at  Miami  University  in  1885.     1808   University  avenue   southeast. 

SIGMA  NU — Gamma  Tau  chapter  established  in  1904.  Founded 
at  Virginia  Military  Institute  in  1869.  400  Washington  avenue 
southeast. 

SIGMA  TAU — A  permanent  local  society  of  senior  young  women. 

SIGMA  XI — An  honorary  scientific  society,  membership  In  this 
society  is  limited  to  faculty  and  members  of  the  senior  class 
who  have  won  special  distinction  in  scientific  lines  of  work. 

SIMPSON,    Charles— Professor    of    pathology,    1883-87. 

SKINNER,  H.  O. — Assistant  in  (homeopathic)  clinical  medicine 
and  surgery,   1905  to  date. 

SKI-U-MAH  QUARTET,  The — Organized  November  1893.  The 
members  were  R.  P.  Kline,  Baritone;  Clarence  J.  Zintheo.  First 
Tenor;  John  M.  Davies,  Second  Tenor;  Thomas  M.  Hughes,  Basso. 
Made  first  trip  in  spring  of  1894.  Took  a  trip  through  Minnesota 
and  the  Dakotas  in  summer  of  same  year.  Following  year  J.  L. 
Adams  was  mnde  basso  and  Thoma.';  M.  Hughes  took  the  bari- 
tone. Trips  were  made  at  the  Thanksgiving  and  Christmas  vaca- 
tion of  1894.  The  following  year  membership  was  not  changed 
and  sucr-PS'sfu!  trips  were  made.  Messrs.  Hughes  and  Davis  grad- 
uated in  1896  and  their  places  were  filled  by  Messrs.  Loy  M.  Burch 
and  Horace  A.  Wilson. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  185 

SLATER,  Edward  K.— Born  June  28,  1870,  Northwood,  la.  High 
school  training.  Had  some  experience  in  teaching  country  school, 
Practical  experience  in  butter  making  and  dairying.  Instructor  in 
Dairy  school  since  1901.  State  Dairy  and  Food  Commissioner. 
1276   Raymond   avenue,    St.    Paul. 

SMITH,  Augusta  Norwood— Preceptress  and  instructor  in  Eng- 
lish,   1876-80.      Died   February   26,    1886. 

SMITH,  Charles  E.— Professor  of  materia  medica  and  therapeu- 
tics,  1883-87. 

SMITH,   Clinton   D.— Professor  of  dairying,   1890-91;  professor  of 
agriculture   and   director  of  the  experiment  station,    1891-93. 
SMITH,   C.    K.— Regent  1851,   18t.2. 

SMITH,  D.  Edmund — Assistant  in  ophthalmology  and  otology, 
1894-99. 

SMITH,    Edwin    H. — Dispensary  assistant,   1898   to   date. 
SMITH,     Harry    E. — Instructor    in    mechanical    engineering    and 
woodworking,    1889-90,    in    mechanical    engineering,    1890-93;    assist- 
ant  professor    of   mechanical    engineering,    1893-95;    also    in    charge 
of   experimental   engineering  and  shop  work,   1895-1901. 

SMITH,  John  Day — Lecturer  on  American  constitutional  law, 
18iil-190.j.     Judge   of  the  district  court  since  1905. 

SMITH,  Norman  M.— Born  September  22,  1875,  Monticello.  Iowa. 
Graduate  Monticello,  la.,  high  school;  one  year  Monmouth  col- 
lege. Homeopathic  dispensary  since  1903.  Assistant  in  clinical 
medicine  and  physical  diagnosis.  3000  Hennepin  avenue.  217 
Masonic   Temple. 

SMITH,  Simeon— Regent  February  28,  1860-January  13,  1861. 
SMITH,  Samuel  George — Born  March  7,  1852,  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land. A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  Cornell;  Ph.  D.,  Syracuse.  Studied  social 
and  charitable  institutions  in  the  United  States  and  in  Europe. 
Pastor  of  People's  Church,  St.  Paul,  since  1888.  Member  of  the 
S.ate  Board  of  Charities  and  Corrections;  State  Board  of  Visitors; 
school  board  of  St,  Paul,  and  Board  of  Regents  of  the  University, 
January  7.  1898  to  1901.  Professor  of  sociology.  University.  1890  to 
date.  Author  of  Retribution  and  other  addresses;  The  Industrial 
Conflict;  papers  and  address  in  reports  of  proceedings  of  National 
Charities  and  Corrections;  National  Prison  Association,  etc,;  ar- 
ticles in  magazines  and  reviews.     125  College  avenue,   St.  Paul. 

SNELL,  Edith — Instructor  in  mathematics,  geography  and  his- 
tory, 1903  to  date,  school  of  agriculture.  403  Dewey  avenue,  St. 
Paul. 

SNEVE,  Harold — ^Lecturer  on  mechano-therapy,  1899-02. 
SNYDER,  Harry— Born  January  26.  1867,  Cherry  Valley,  N.  T. 
Herkimer  Academy.  N.  Y. ;  Clinton  Liberal  Institute,  F^.  Plains, 
N.  Y.;  Cornell,  1889,  with  special  honors  in  chemistry;  private 
assistant  to  Dr.  Caldwell,  head  of  chemistry  department,  1888-89; 
instructor  in  analytical  chemistry',  Cornell;  1889-90;  assistant  chem- 
ist. Cornell  University  experiment  station,  1890-91;  professor  of 
agriculture  chemistry  and  chemistry  of  the  experiment  station, 
University,  1891  to  present  time.  Also  profe.=sor  of  soils  since  1906. 
Author  of  Chemistr>-  of  Plant  and  Animal  Life;  Dairy  Chemistry; 
Soils  and  Fertilizers;  and  numerous  minor  bulletins  issued  by  the 
station.  Fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Science;  member  of  the  Society  for  the  promotion  of 
Agricultural  Science;  Sigma  Xi;  Associate  in  Nutrition  investi- 
gation being  conducted  by  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 
2090  Commonwealth  avenue,  St.  Anthony  Park,  Minn. 


1 86  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

SOCIETAS  LATIN  A— A  society  in  tlie  depai-tment  of  Latin, 
having-  for  its  special  aim  tlie  securing  of  greater  proficiency  in 
reading  and  writing  Latin. 

SOLDIERS'  MEDAL-— See  Student  Soldier  Memorial  Monu- 
ment. 

SOLENBERGER,    Edward    D. — Lecturer    in    economics,    1905-06. 

SONDERGAARD,  Hans  T.— Born  October  10,  1S67,  Bendstrup, 
Gram,  North  Schlesvig,  Europe.  Attended  Waterloo  Business  Col- 
lege; North  Indiana  Normal;  graduate  University  school  of  agri- 
culture. Assistant  instructor  in  butter  making,  1899-04,  Dairy 
school;  instructor  in  cultures  and  starters,  '04-05,  instructor  in 
creamery   work,    1905    to    date.      Litchfield,    Minn. 

SORORITIES  AT  M I N NESOTA— Alpha  Phi,  Alpha  Xi  Delta, 
Delta  Delta  Delta,  Delta  Gamma,  Gamma  Phi  Beta,  Kappa  Alpha 
Theta,  Kappa  Kappa  Gamma.  Omego  Psi  (inter-sorority,  local, 
extinct),  Pi  Beta  Phi,  Sigma  Alpha  Delta  (junior  inter-sorority), 
Sigina  Tau  Ca  permanent  local  society  of  senior  young  women). 

SPANISH,  CLUB,  The — An  organization  of  faculty  and  stu- 
dents who  are  specially  interested  in  Spanish  language  and  litera- 
ture, for  the  purpose  of  furthering  their  knowldege  of  the  same, 
the    same. 

SPAULDING.  Salthiel  M. — -Pi'ofessor  (homeopathic)  of  mental 
and  nervous  diseases,   ISSS-SJ. 

SPAULDING,  W.  M. — Instructor  in  appliances  for  the  treat- 
ment  of   cleft   palate,   1890-91. 

SPENCER,    E.    C— Professor   of   surgical   anatomy,    1888-91. 

SPENCER,    Herbert   R. — Lecturer  on  admiralty  law,   1893-1904. 

SPOKANE,  Wash. — An  alumni  organization  is  maintained  in 
Spokane,  Miss  Lilian  Siegler,  '96,  who  lives  at  1223  4th  avenue, 
is  secretary. 

SPRAGUE,  Daniel  W. — Accountant  and  recorder  of  the  experi- 
ment station,  1887-1890;  accounting  office,  1890-04;  assistant  in  ac- 
counting office  1904  to  date.  New  York  State  Normal  School; 
Pompey  Academy,  N.  Y. ,  Bryant  &  Shelton  Commercial  College. 
Taught  forty-five  terms.   509  Eighth  avenue  soutneast. 

SPRINGER,  Frank  W. — Scholar  in  electrical  engineering,  1895- 
97;  instructor  in  same.  1897-1900;  assistant  professor  1900  to  date. 
B.  E.  E.,  University,  1893;  E.  E.  '98.  Author  of  articles  for  engi- 
neering journals,  including  special  reports  upon  extended  investi- 
gations into  the  sparking  devices  of  gas  engines.  1206  Fifth  street 
southeast. 

STADON,  John  H. — Assistant  in  pharmacy  laboratory,  1906- 
1907.     Graduate   of  the  University   college   of  pharmacy. 

STANDING  TAX  LEVY — The  University  receives  a  consid- 
erable portion  of  its  income  for  current  expenses  from  the  tax 
levy  of  23-100  of  a  mill.  This  plan  was  first  adopted  by  the  Legis- 
lature of  1893,  and  was  to  go  into  force  August  1st,  1894.  The 
tax  was  then  fixed  at  15-100  of  a  mill  and  was  afterwards  changed 
to  23-100  of  a  mill.  It  was  evidently  the  intention  of  the  legisla- 
ture to  have  this  tax  levied  and  collected  and  in  the  treasury  to 
the  credit  of  the  University  on  the  first  day  of  the  fiscal  year 
next  en.'iuing,  and  to  this  end,  there  was  appropriated  $60,000 
as  an  emergency  measure  to  provide  for  the  one  year  that  must 
ensue  before  this  plan  could  lie  put  into  operation.  Governor 
Nelson  vetoed  this  item  in  the  appropriation  bill  and  the  Univer- 
sity was  without  resources  to  pay  its  professors,  salaries  and  cur- 
reiit  expense  bills.     The  state  auditor  ruled  that  the  money  wluch 


UNIVERSITY   OF  MINNESOTA.  187 

liaa  b=en  received  from  the  levy  was  available  as  soon  ^fjt  vras 
n  thP  trea-urv  and  all  auditors  who  have  come  after  him  have 
^nni, /thts  Drac^Re      The  legislatures  also,   seven  of  which  have 

/     rMnvtnffal"o  accounts  for  the  actual  surplus  which   exists 

Fir  HHSin  ts^J'SoS-r  ,^;=  =~ 
i:-oS;i4:?ur\^^cf?,T^'te^s.v.rpoS■r.'S^rro^ 

the  purpose  specified.  •,-   ■    „ 

STAPLES,     Franklin-Professor    of    the    practice    of    medicine, 

Staples,  Henry  U.-Born  September  ^1.  lB59^Wales  Main^. 
Limerick,  Me.,  Academy;  Bowdoin,  A.  B.,  1881,  M.  ^■'^°°^'t^- 
B  Se  Medical  School,  1886;  graduate  work  in  New  York  City, 
and  Vienna  Had  exper  ence  in  common  and  high  schools  In- 
tttictcr"r  medfcal  Latin.  1S90-9-  instructor  in  cUnical  medicine 
189->-%  p^of^ssor  of  clinical  medicine,  1896  to  date.  Author  of 
pipers 'pubUshed  in  medical  Journals.  430  Oak  Grove  street.  40o 
Andrus  building. 

STEARNS,    Ozora    P.,    Duluth-Appointed   regent    Deoen.t^|r    1. 
1890    re-appointed  1901,   and  resigned  March  26,  189o.     Born  a.t  ue 
Kaib    St.  Lawrence  County,  New  York,  on  the  13th  of  January,  1831 
The   family   removed    to   Lake    county,    Ohio,    where    he    passed    his 
boyhood    In   1858   he   graduated   with   honors   at  tiie  Umversity  of 
MTchigan       In    1860,    he    graduated    from    the    Law    Department    of 
?Je  same  universit;.     The  same  year  he  came  to  Minnesota  where 
he  opened  a  law  office  at  Rochester,  later  moving  to  Duluth. 
STEELE,    Franklin,    Fort   Snelling— Regent  1851-1860. 
STEVENS,    H.    F.— I;ecturer   on  the  law  of  real  property,   1889- 
97,   on   law  of   trusts,   1897-98. 

STEVENS,    Homer    W.— Librarian    of    the    college    of    law.    190o 
to   date. 

STEVENS,  John  H.,  St.  Anthony— Regent  1853-1858. 
STEVENS  SEMINARY— See  Agricultural  land  grant. 
STEWART,  J.  Clark— Born  October  21,  1854,  Camden.  N.  J. 
First  man  to  enter  the  freshman  class  of  the  University  1871, 
B  S  and  C.  E.,  187i5;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  M.D., 
1884  Taught  chemistry  and  astronomy,  University.  187o-(b  ±^0- 
fessor  of  histology.  University,  at  the  organization  of  college  of 
medicine  and  surgery;  later  made  professor  "^  Pathology  and 
later  still,  professor  of  principles  of  surgery.  Author  of  contribu- 
tions to  American  Practice  of  Surgery,  now  in  press;  also  numer- 
ous contributions  to  the  current  medical  literature.  Member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association;  Western  Gynecological  Asso- 
eiation;  and  State  and  County  Medical  Societies;  also  Minnesota 
Academy  of  Medicine.   1628   Fifth   avenue  south. 

STOMBERG,  Andrew  Adin— Born  March  29.  1871.  Car%-er.  Minn. 
B  A..  Gu.sUivus  Adolphus,  St.  Peter.  1895;  M.  S..  University.  1896; 
graduate  work  at  Leipzig.  1897-98;  Austin  Fellow.  Harvard.  1904- 
05  Professor  of  history  and  political  science,  Gustavus  Adolphus 
College  1898-1907.  Professor  of  Scandinavian  languages  and  lit- 
erature's, since  October  3,  1907.  Engaged  in  newspaper  work  in 
St  Paul  part  of  1896-97;  travelled  in  Europe  as  correspondent  for 
tlie   Minneapolis    Journal.    1897.     709    Delaware   street    southeast. 


-    l88        "  DICTIONARY   OF   THE 

STONE,  Alexander  Johnston — Born  September  7,  1845,  Wis- 
casset,  Me.  Abbott's  School  and  Oak  Grove  Seminary,  Me.,  Eng- 
lish and  Classical  School,  Newton,  Mass.;  Harvard  Medical;  Bow- 
doin  Medical;  and  Pittstield  Medical  colleges.  Considerable  experi- 
ence in  common  school  teaching.  Has  been  connected  with  vari* 
ous  medical  institutions.  Professor  of  gynecology,  since  the  or- 
ganization of  the  department,  in  18S8.  Editor  of  Northwestern 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal  and  Northwestern  Lancet,  for  nearly 
thirty  years;  articles  and  correspondence  for  other  journals.  Ex- 
president  of  Ramsey  County  Medical,  State  Medical,  Northwestern 
Editors'  Assocation  and  Association  of  Military  Surgeons  of  the 
U.  S. ;  twice  vice-president  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
Surgeon  General  N.  G.  S.  M.;  and  at  present  member  of  the  State 
Board   of   Health.      120  Lowry   building,    St.    Paul. 

STRANGE,  Dalston  P. — Instructor  in  agriculture  and  natural 
science,    1872-73;    assistant   professor    of   agriculture   1873-74. 

STRICKLER,  D.  A. — Professor  (homeopathic)  of  ophthalmology 
and  otologj-,   lSSS-95. 

STRICKLER,  O.  C,  New  Ulm — Appointed  regent  February  7, 
1901,  and  sei-ved  to  March  1907.     Physician,  New  Ulm,  Minn. 

STRONG  MEN — The  Universty  for  several  years  was  entered 
in  the  strong  men's  contests  among  the  colleges  of  the  United 
States.  Each  year  Minnesota  was  among  the  leaders,  and  in  1900- 
01,  had  a  liberal  lead  over  all  others.  The  records  for  the  years 
when  Minnesota  w^as  in  the  competition,  are  as  follows:  1898-99, 
M.  Ferch,  '242.4  kilos;  1899-00,  R.  W.  Allis,  1558.8  kilos;  1900-01,  R. 
»v.    Allis,    17S2.S   kilos. 

STUDENTS'  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION,  The— Was  organized 
in  the  year  1S69-70  by  a  few  of  the  students  and  faculty — Pro- 
fessor Jabez  Brooks  and  the  late  Professor  Moses  Marston  being 
prii  e  movers  in  the  enterprise.  The  association  was  incorporated, 
under  the  laws  of  the  state,  in  October  1883.  The  object  of  tne 
.society  being  to  unite  Christians,  of  whatever  denomination,  for 
the  purpose  of  spiritual  development  and  also  for  a  more  effective 
moral  influence  throughout  the  University.  Its  constitution  ex- 
pressly forbids  me  exclusion  of  any  person  on  sectarian  grounds, 
and  in  its  Articles  of  Incorporation  is  found  the  following  state- 
ment: "It  shall  be  forever  free  from  denominational  control  or 
influence,"    thus   giving   it   the  broadest  basis   of  activity. 

With  the  growth  of  the  organization  it  became  more  and  more 
evident  to  all  interested  in  its  success,  that  a  permanent  place 
should  be  provided  for  holding  all  meetings — social  and  religious. 
In  1883,  at  the  suggestion  of  Professor  Marston,  a  subscription 
was  opened,  and  subsequently  the  consent  of  the  board  of  regents 
was  secured  to  erect  a  building  on  the  University  campus.  It 
was  thought  that  $10,000  would  be  sufficient  to  cover  the  ex- 
pense of  a  suitable  building,  and  after  the  subscriptions  had  been 
started  among  the  faculty  and  student-body,  the  work  was  taken 
up  by  President  Northrop  and-  Professor  Geo.  E.  McLean,  and 
$12,000  was  secured  for  the  purpose. 

The  building  is  located  on  the  college  campus,  the  first  to  the 
right  as  the  main  gateway  is  entered.  It  is  a  two-story  brown 
stone  sti-ucture,  consisting  of  a  main  floor  and  a  high  basement, 
the  entrance  facing  the  walk  from  University  avenue  to  the  main 
building.  The  main  floor  consists  of  three  parlors  that  can  be 
thrown  into  one  large  lecture  room.  On  the  lower  floor  are 
kitchen,  game  rooms  and  toilet  room.  The  building  was  dedica- 
ted June  6,  1888. 

In    the    early   days    of    the  University,  when    thi.s    was    the    only 
religious   organization    in    the    University,    the   work    done    by    this 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  189 

association  played  a  large  part  in  University  life.  Active  religious 
work  was  kept  up  and  a  course  of  lectures  was  provided,  at  which 
first  class  speakers  were  always  to  be  heard.  For  four  years,  this 
course  of  lectures  was  provided  through  the  courtesy  of  the  First 
Congregational  Church,  which  footed  the  bills.  The  association 
continued  to  thrive  until  about  the  end  of  the  eighties,  when  the 
religious  work,  formerly  done  through  this  association,  was  largely 
taken  over  by  the  Young  Men's  and  Young  Women's  Christian 
Associations,  this  association  being  an  incorporated  body  continues 
to  exist  in  form  and  holds  the  building  which  it  has  leased  ^.o 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  and  which  has  been  occu- 
pied by  them  since  1889. 

STUDENTS'  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION  BU I  LDi  NG— This 
building  was  erected  in  ISSS  at  a  cost  of  $1-J,OUO,  by  private  sub- 
scription. It  was  dedicated  June  G,  ISSS.  The  building  is  a  single 
story  and  high  basement  building.  IIJ  provides,  reading  rooms, 
offices,  '  assembly  rooms,  game  rooms,  bath,  toilet  rooms.  Since 
1889  it  has  been  rented  by  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association, 
who  carry  on  their  work  for  the  student  body  using  this  build- 
ing as  headquarters.  It  is  built  of  red  sandstone,  the  side  to- 
wards the  campus  being  bricked  up.  It  was  thought,  at  the  time 
the  building  was  constructed,  that  it  would  be  but  a  few  years 
before  a  large  addition  would  be   made  to   the  building. 

STUDENTS'  GOVERNMENT  ASSOCIATION— An  organization 
of  young  women  of  the  University,  founded  in  January  1907,  for 
the  purpose  of  the  self-government  of  every  member  of  the  asso- 
ciation, in  respect  to  Alice  Shevlin  Hall,  and,  subject  to  the  author- 
ity of  the  board  of  regents,  to  manage  all  affairs  relating  to  Alice 
Shevlin  Hall.  Every  young  woman  in  the  University  is  considered 
a   mimiber   of   this   association. 

STUDENTS'  HANDBOOK — This  is  published  by  the  Young 
Mens  and  Young  Women's  Christan  Associations  of  the  Uni- 
versity and  is  for  free  distribution  to  those  interested.  It  is  is- 
sued in  the  form  of  a  vest  pocket  memorandum  book  and  is  full 
of  information   of  value  to  students. 

STUDENTS'  LIBERAL  ASSOCIATION,  The — This  association 
was  organized  January  25,  1SS7,  and  its  avowed  object  a  union  of 
the  student  body,  irrespective  of  creed  or  belief,  to  establish  upon 
a  broad  and  catholic  basis,  a  course  of  lectures  upon  moral  and 
religious    topics. 

STUDENT  PASTOR — The  Episcopal  churches  of  Minneapolis 
are  supporting  a  student  pastor  of  that  denomination  at  the  Uni- 
versity. The  Rev.  Stanley  Kilbourne,  '03,  took  up  his  work,  in 
connection  with  tihe  work  of  the  Bishop  Gilbert  Society  in  the 
fall   of  19U7. 

STUDENT  SOLDIER  MEMORIAL  MONUMENT,  The— The 
project  to  erect  such  a  monument  had  its  l)eginning  with  the 
appointment  of  a  committee  to  secure  and  send  Christmas  pres- 
ents to  the  students  members  of  the  13th  Minnesota  which  was 
then  stationed  in  Manila.  After  the  presents  'had  been  forwarded, 
Professor  Arthur  Edwin  Haynes,  conceived  the  notion  of  sending 
to  every  student,  and  former  student  of  the  University,  who  had 
enlisted  and  served  in  the  war  with  Spain,  a  simple  medal  of 
honor,  as  a  token  of  appreciaton  of  the  faculty  and  students  of 
the  University.  This  was  done  and  two  hundred  eig*hteen  of  these 
medals  were  struck  off  and  presented  to  those  entitled  to  them. 
The  idea  kept  growing  in  the  mind  of  this  enthusiastic  patriot 
who  wrote  a  letter  to  the  board  of  regents  and  made  the  first 
donation  of  "$10  toward  a  fund  for  placing  on  the  University  cam- 


190 


DICTIONARY   OF  THE 


pus  a  fitting  memorial  for  tlie  former  students  of  the  University 
w'ho  served  our  country,  in  its  army  or  navy,  during  the  recent 
war  with  Spain."  In  response  to  his  request,  a  committee  was 
appointed,  he  taeing  made  tlie  cliairman,  the  otiier  members  being 
Governor   Samuel  R.   VanSant,   John   S    Pillsbury,   and  A.   E.   Rice. 


Soldiers'  Monument. 


The  active  work  of  securing  a  design,  making  plans  and  soliciting 
funds  was  begun  at  once,  and  upon  Professor  Haynes  fell  the 
real  burden  of  carrying  the  work  through  to  completion,  the 
monument    being    unveiled    and    dedicated    on    Memorial    day    1'j06. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  igi 

The  sculptor,  Theo.  Alice  Ruggles-Kltsoii,  the  most  famous 
woman  sculptor  this  country  has  produced,  threw  her  heart  into 
this  piece  of  work  in  a  way  that  made  it  one  of  her  best.  It  is 
notable  not  only  for  what  it  commemorates  but  as  a  wonderful 
work  of  art.  The  statue  of  bronze  stands  nine  feet  high,  six 
Inches  above  heroic  size  and  portrays  the  soldier  of  1S9S.  See 
illustration.  Cost,  almost  exactly  $G000.  The  pedestal  is  of  Ver- 
mont green  granite  and  stands  six  feet  high,  weighing  about  seven 
tons.  On  the  ,  pedestal  is  a  bronze  table  bearing  the  words — 
"Erectjed  in  honor  of  the  students  of  the  University  who  served 
their  country  in  the  war  with  Spain,  1898-9." 

The  monument  is  located  opposite  the  entrance  to  the  Armory. 
On  either  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  Armory,  facing  the  monu- 
ment, is  a  bronze  tablet,  the  two  bearing  the  names  of  two  hun- 
dred eighteen  men,  giving  their  regiment  and  rank.  On  the  base 
of  the  tower,  by  the  main  entrance  is  a  smaller  tablet  which  has 
the    following   inscription — 

"Brave    souls    survive    the    storms    of    shot    and    flame, 

Their   furloughs   blossom   in   eternal   fame." 

Our  Soldier  Heroic  Dead. 

C.    E.    Payson   Colwell,    13th,    Minn.   Vol.    Inf. 
Harry  L.  Currier,  Corp.,  13th  Minn.  Vol.  Inf. 
George  H.  Edwards,   Q.  M.  Sergt.,   3d  Wis.  Vol.  Inf. 
August   Foss,    Corp.,    2nd    Neb.    Vol.    Eng. 
T.   P.   A.   Howe,   1st  Sergt.,    1st  Mont.   Vol.   Inf. 
Charles  McClure,  Jr.,  1st  Lt..  30th  U.   S.  Inf. 
Sidney   Pratt,    13th  Minn.   Vol.   Inf. 
Olaf  H.  Rask,   1st  Lt.,  14th  Minn.  Vol.  Inf. 
Fred  C.  O.  Stmith,  Sergt.,  1.5th  Minn.  Vol.  Inf. 
Unselfishness  is  a  divine  virtue: 
No  unselfish  life  is  ever  lived 
In  vain;   it  will  have  its   effect 
in    uplifting   the   world. 
Men    may    forget    such    lives, 
but   they   are   treasured   forever 
in  the  memory  of  God. 
In   so  far   as   humanity  perpetuates 
the    memory   of   these    lives,    does   it 
exalt  itself. 
STUDENTS'    TRUST    FUND— The    class    of    1902,    of    the    school 
of   agriculture,   left   with   the   school   a    fund    of   $100    "to    assist   by 
temporary   loans   at   a   reasonable    rate    of    interest,    deserving   stu- 
dents  needing   such    help,    who    are    not  below    the   B    class   in    the 
school.     This   fund   is   in   charge   of   a    committee    consisting   of  the 
secretary,    the  principal,    the  preceptress,   and  the  president  of  the 
A    class. 

STUMM,  Thomas  Wesley— Born  1872,  Cartersville.  111.  B.  S.. 
1897;  M.  T>..  Rush  Medical,  1901;  interne  Cook  County  hospital. 
Chicago.  1901-03;  graduate  work  in  Vienna.  1903-04.  Three  years 
experience  in  common  schools.  Clinical  assistant  in  medicine  since 
1904.  Author  of  Spastic  Constipation;  Diagostic  Significance  of 
Albumen  and  Casts  in  Urine;  Pathology  of  Syringomelia;  Infiuenza; 
Some  Remarks  on  Gastric  Ulcer;  The  Diagnosis  of  Organic  Dis- 
eases  of   the    Stomach.     Lowry   building.    St.    Paul. 

SUDDUTH,  W.  Xaxier — Bora  in  Illinois  in  38.j3.  Graduate  of 
Illinois  Wesleyan  university.  1S73,  from  which  institution  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  M.  A.  Graduate  of  Philadelphia  dental  college, 
1881.  Studied  at  Heidelberg  and  Berlin  and  in  Vienna,  1S88-S9. 
Lectured   on    pathology    and    hygiene    at    the    University    of   Iowa. 


University   Summer   School 


Under    the    direction     of  the    Stale 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 

Six  Weeks  Annual  Session— Minneapolis 

June,  July 


Elementary  Section 

Courses  are  offered  in  all  the 
subjects,  required  for  the 
first  grade  teachers'  certifi- 
cate and  successful  students 
may  gain  credit  in  two 
studies,  exempting  them 
from  later  examination. 
Arithmetic,  civil  govern- 
ment, composition,  gram- 
mar, geography,  history, 
penmanship,  physiology, 
reading,  algebra,  plane  geo- 
metry,  physics,  physical 
geography  and  agriculture. 


College   Section 

Courses  in  all  the  subjects  re- 
quired for  the'first  grade  pro- 
fessiona  certificate: — Alge- 
bra, astronomy,  botany, 
chemistry,  economics,  geol- 
ogy, solid  geometry,  history, 
literature,  physics,  psychol- 
ogy, rhetoric,  trigonometry, 
and  zoology,  with  profession- 
al courses  in  the  history,  the- 
ory and  practice  of  education. 
Additional  courses  in 
French,  German,  Latin  and 
bookkeeping. 


SPECIAL  COURSES  in  rural  and  graded  school 
methods,  in  school  organization  and  law,  in  the  his- 
tory of  education,  educational  psychology,  secondary 
education,  and  general  pedagogy. 

ADVANCED  COURSES  in  drawing,  music  and 
physical  culture,  in  sewing,  cooking,  nature  study  and 
manual  training. 

CREDITS  gained  in  the  college  section  are  good  toward 
graduation  in  the  University  of  Minnesota. 


For  Bulletin,  address  the 
Registrar,  University  of  Minnesota. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  193 

In  1890  entered  ..pon  his  work  at  the  University  as  secretary  of 
*he  college  of  dentistry  and  professor  of  embryology,  oral  surgery 
and  pathology;   dtan,   1802-95. 

SUMMER    SCHOOL-In    1881    the     University     offered     for     the 
first  time  summer  courses  in  science  for  teachers  and  others  mter- 
estediu   subjects   offered.     The   -W-ts  offered  at  that  session  were 
botany     chemistry,    geology,    mineralogy   and    zoology,     ihe    course 
Sten^ed   through   the   month  of   July.     The   attendance  was   forty- 
tvvo      InlSs'the  school  was  continued  and  the  subjects  of  botany 
eeo lo-y    Geunan,  English,  rhetoric  and  elocution  were  oifered    and 
f'e    a  tendance    was    seventy-three.      In    1883    the    school    offered 
courses   m   geology,    chemistry.     French    and    didactics.     Professor 
Hall   had  special  charge   of  the  school.              .      ,       ,.  .      „..„ 
In   189'^     the   state   department   of   public   instruction   made   pro- 
vision  t^Jr '  holding   a   sunm.er   ..chool   at   the   University.     Provision 
was   made  for  giving  the   worlv   in   two   sections,    a  university   sec- 
tion    to    provide    thi   training    required    by    the    teachers    in    high 
schools   v^ho   desired      further    training   in    the    subjects    they   were 
to   teach  or   to   carry  work   in   the   same   lines   of   university   grade 
and  elementary,  for  the  training  of  teachers  tor  the  grades.     The 
school   has   been   carried   along   on    substantially   these    lines   to   the 
present  time.     The  work  of  the  university  section  has  been  devel- 
oped  and    advanced    until    it    represents    real    uniyersity     grade     of 
vL-k       The   University   is   not  officially    connected   with    the   school 
save  for  the  fact  that  it  furnishes  its  buildings  and  equipment  for 
the  use  of  the  school  and  the  further  fact  that  the  faculty  of  the 
University  section  is  largely  made  up  of  University  professors  and 
instructors      The  attendance    has   been  as   fohows:   189-,    741,    lS9d, 
489     1894     lOOS;    x895,    1217;    1896,    1234;    1897.    1245;    1898.    1187;    1899. 
1015-  1900    1019;  1901,  931;  1902,  1105;   1903,   818;  1904,  863;  1905,   868; 
1906'  1019-   19U7,  1035.     The  school,  while  under  the  general  direction 
of  tiie  department  of  public  instruction,   is  under  the  direct  super- 
V  sion  and  management  of  the  University  department  of  education 
The  University  work  completed  in  this  school  is  accepted  for  credit 
on  t'  e  various  University  courses.     The  attendance  i"  the  Univer- 
sity   section    has   been    as   follows:    1892.    ;    1893,    148;    1894,    243, 

1895     234     1896    257;   1897.   302;    1898,   380;   1899,    389;   1900.   290;   1901. 
237;'l902.'31S;  1903,  212;  1904.  210';  1905.  269;  1906.  256;  1907,  332. 

SUPREME  COURT  LAW  LIBRARY— A  rare  and  unique  addition 
to  the  law  librarv  was  secured  by  the  donation  of  Judge  Collins  and 
former  Attorney-General  Childs  to  the  University  of  all  the  briefs 
and  paper  books  in  the  cases  argued  in  the  supreme  court  of  Minne- 
sota since  1883,  making  a  fine  collection  of  over  five  hundred  bound 
volumes. 

SUTHERLAND,  Helen— Preceptress  and  assistant  professor  of 
Latin,  lSTl-<6. 

SWEENEY,  Arthur— Professor  of  medical  jurisprudence,  1897  to 
dote.     Uowry  Arcade,    St.   Paul. 

SWEET,  John  C— Lecturer  on  mortgage  foreclosure,  1897. 
SWEETSER,    H.    B.- Clinical   professor   of   diseases   of    children, 
1898-99. 

SWEITZER,  Samuel  B.— Clinical  assistant  in  dermatology  and 
genito-urinary  diseases     1905  to  date.     1729  Irving  avenue  south. 

SWENSON,  David  Ferdinand — Born  in  Sv.eden.  1876.  B.  S., 
Univcr^^itv  1S9S;  graduate  student.  1898-02;  same  Columbia.  1905-06. 
Tau-ht  in'  ar  ungraded  school,  1893-94.  Assistant  in  philosophy. 
1899-0-^ •  instructor,  same.  1902-07.  assistant  professor,  same,  1907 
to  date     Columbia  University,   was  assistant  in  charge  of  classes 


I*' 


GOOD  COAL  ONLY 


WE   WATCH    OUR    QUALITY  AND 
PREPARATION  CONSTANTLY 


TRUNKS  HANDLED 
CAREFULLY     -:-     -:- 


TWO    MEN    ARE     ALWAYS     SENT 
AFTER  BAGGACE  | 

NO    CHANCE    FOR    DAMAGE    TO    I 
TRUNKS  OR  FLOORS  • 

WE  DELIVER  THE  GOODS 

Swain-Farmer  Company 

408  14th  Ave.  S.  E. 


TELEPHONES: 

T.  S.  16076,   16603.  N.  W.  East  222. 


I 


■■■  ^BBV  ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■  ■■■■■■■■■■■■  ■■A 

CHUTE    JlEJiLTY    COMPANY 


HANDLES  ALL  CLASSES  OF  DESIRABLE 
PROPERTY  IN  EAST  MINNEAPOLIS. 

INSURANCE  IN  THE  BEST  COMPANIES. 

LET  US   HANDLE    YOUR    REAL    ESTATE 
MATTERS. 


7  Univ.  Jive.  N.  E.,  Chute  Block, 
Minneapolis,        ....        Minn. 


UNIVERSITY   OF  MINNESOTA.  195 

in  Barnard  Colkge  and  Cjlumbia  College;  frequent  lecturer  in 
Swedish  and  English,  to  young  people;  contributing  editor  on 
Veckobladt,  a  Minneapolis  Swedish  weekly.  Author  of  reviews 
and  articles  in  various  philosophical  and  psychological  journals. 
Member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  Sigma  Xi,  Western  Philosophical  Asso- 
ciation, American  Philosophical  Association.  3101  Sixteenth  avenue 
south. 

SWENSON.  L.  S.,  Albert  Lea— Appointed  regent  March  1895 
served  until  his  successor  was  appointed  in  May,  1897.  Born  in 
Nicollet,  Minn.,  in  1865.  Graduated  from  Lufher  College,  Decorah, 
Iowa,  in  1886.  Post  graduate  of  Johns  Hopkins,  1887.  Appointed 
principal  of  Luther  ncademy  in  1888.  Later  in  the  United  States 
consular  service. 

SWIFT,  Fletcher  Harper — Assistant  professor  of  education  1907 
to  date.  Author  of  The  Most  Beautiful  Thing  in  the  World; 
Joseph:   a  drama  for  children.     505  Eighth  avenue  southeast. 

SWIFT,  Henry  A.,  St.  Peter — Regent  ex-offlcio  March  4  to  july 
i:;,   15';:".,   and  governor  July  11,   1SG3  to  January  11,   1864. 

TALES  OF  THE  OLD  UNIVERSITY  TIMES — Gopher  of  1892, 
pp.    272-276. 

TATE,  James  M.— Born  December  10,  1852,  Mercer  county.  111. 
Public  schools  of  Illinois.  Long  practical  experience  as  a  pattern 
maker  and  in  constructing  and  erection  of  machinery.  Instructor 
in  woodwork  and  pattern  making  and  foundry  practice,  University, 
1890  to  1907.  Author  of  text-book  on  Manual  Training,  Foundry 
Practice. 

TAYLOR,    N.   C.    D.,  Taylors    Fails — Regent  1851-154. 

TEACHERS'  CERTIFICATES— This  certificate  is  granted  to  all 
graduates  of  the  college  of  education,  who  have  maintained  a  good 
average  of  scholarship  through  four  years  of  college  work.  Gradu- 
ates of  the  college  of  literature,  science  and  the  arts,  Who  have 
maintained  a  good  average  of  scholarship  through  four  years,  re- 
ceive the  certifieate.  if  they  secoure  one  "major"  recommendation 
and  have  completed  one  course  in  general  psycholog>-,  and  three 
courses    in    education. 

This  certificate  has  been  granted  to  1131  persons,  including  the 
class   of    1907. 

TELESCOPE — The  students'  astronomical  observatory  contains 
a  ten  and  one-half  inch  refracting  telescope  furnished  with  a  third 
lens  for  converting  it  into  a  photographic  telescope;  a  filar  microm- 
eter, a  spectroscope  by  Brashear;  a  students'  meridian  circle  and 
zenith  telescope;  a  Repsold  photographic  measuring  machine,  a 
chronog'-aph,  and  astronomical  clocks. 

THALER,  Joseph  A. — Instructor  in  engineering  mathematics, 
1900->)1.  Instructor  in  drawing.  1902-03.  Graduate  of  the  college 
of  engineering,  class  of  1900.  Now  professor  of  electrical  engineer- 
ing in  Montana  agricultural   college,   Bozema,n,   Mont. 

THALIAN  LITERARY  CLUB,  THE— Began  at  an  informal 
meeting  of  half  a  dozen  young  women  who  met  in  Professor  Com- 
stock's  room  lo  study  modern  (uamatists  and  their  plays.  One 
year  the  lyric  dramas  were  studied,  another  year  the  great  operas. 
The  work  is  varied  and  supplemented  by  talks  by  members  of  the 
faculty  and  prominent  musicians.  Meetings  bi-weekjy.  The 
social  interests  of  its;  iv.embers  are  not  neglected  and  social  fea- 
tures  are  fro(|uently  added   to  the  regular   programs. 

THETA  DELTA  CHI— Tau  Deuteron  charge  established  in  1892. 
Founded  at  I'nion  college  in  1848.  Chapter  house,  100  Beacon 
street  southeast. 


10  "  DICTIONARY   OF  THE 

THETA    EPSILON     LITERARY    SOCIETY,    TH E— Organized    in 

February,  19O0,  by  young  women  of  the  University  for  tiie  study 
of  current  literature.  Its  object  lias  been  to  strive  to  promote  an 
earnest  and  sincere  appreciation  of  the  best  things  in  the  world  of 
books,   and  tjrue  fellowship  among   its   members. 

THETA  PHI  FRATERNITY— A  local  fraternity  which  was 
establi.-hed  in  1S79  and  which  afterward  became,  Friday,  May  22, 
1891,  the  Nu  chapter  of  the  Psi  Upsilon.  The  name  Theta  Phi 
was  not  adopted  until  the  spring  of  1881,  at  which  time  steps  were 
taken  to  secure  a  society  pin.  A  pin  was  adopted  and  members 
■of  the  society  first  wore  them  at  the  annual  Thanksgiving  recep- 
tion of  that  year. 

THOMAS,  EDITH— Insauctor  in  chemistry,  1902-03.  Graduate 
of  the  University  class  of  1902,  M.  A.,  1903.     Died  in  1903. 

THOMAS.  Uriah,  Minneapolis— Regent  February  28,  1860,  to 
August  17,  1863.  Died  October,  1865,  at  Doylestown,  Penn.  Born 
Norristo'.vn,   Pa.     Came  to  Minnesota  in  1853. 

THOMAS,   William    I.— Instructor  in  rhetoric,   1903-04. 

THOMPSON,  Edwin  J.,  Rushford — Appointed  regent  1869,  re- 
appointed 1S70,  resigning  the  same  year  to  accept  an  appointment 
to  the  University  faculty  as  professor  of  mathematics  and  astron- 
omy, which  position  'he  held  until  the  end  of  the  college  year, 
1879-80.  Entered  the  ministry  of  the  Presbyterian  church  and 
continued  tlierein  until  his  death,  January  23,  1907.  He  was  born 
in  Vermont  in  1834.  He  was  educated  at  Middlebury  college.  For 
two  years  was  president  of  Albany  college. 

THOMPSON,  John — Assistant  in  agriculture,  experiment  station, 
1902-03. 

TH  ULAN  IAN  CLUB — An  organization  of  students  and  pro- 
fessors of  ^Norwegian  descent  for  mutual  pleasure  and  helpfulness. 
It  is  practically  a  Norwegian  fraternity. 

TIFFANY,    Francis   B. — Lecturer  on  criminal  law,   1894-98. 

TILDEN,  Josephine  Elizabeth — Born  Davenport,  la.  Received 
.'her  training  in  the  Minneapolis  city  grades  and  central  high  school. 
B.  9.,  University,  1895;  assistant  in  botany,  1896-98;  instructor, 
1898-03;  arsistant  professor  1903  to  date.  Spent  the  summers  of 
1901  to  1907  at  the  Minnesota  seaside  station  at  Port  Renfrew, 
Vancouver  Island,  B.  C.  Published  Fresh-water  Algae  in  Minne- 
sota; a  contribution  to  the  bibliography  of  American  Algae,  1895; 
papers  on  Calcareous  Algae.  Hot-Spring  Algae,  Yellowstone  Al- 
gae,  Vancouver  Island  Algae,   Hawaiian  Algae,   etc. 

TILLIKUM  CLUB,  THE — An  organization  whose  object  is  to 
promote  acquaintance  among  the  fraternity  men  of  the  class  of 
1909. 

TIMES  GOOD  ROADS  PRIZES— The  prizes  were  offered  but 
once,  in  1892.  These  prizes  consisted  of  three  gold  medals,  which 
were  won   by  Mark  Woolery,    Jessie   Stevens  and  N.    B.   Nelson. 

TITLES  AND  SALARI E9— The  University  has  no  clearly  defined 
system  of  designating  the  rank  of  a  member  of  its  teaching  staff 
by  an  appropriate  title.  The  title  "professor,"  for  example,  may 
Indicate  the  head  of  a  department  or  any  one  of  three  or  four  other 
members  of  that  same  department  of  varying  lengths  of  service. 
The  one  in  charge  of  a  deparment  may  be  an  "assistant  professor," 
or,  in  rare  cases,  even  an  "instructor."  Likewise  titles  have  no 
relation  to  salaries.  There  is  no  system  of  minimums  and  no 
provision  for  regularity  of  advances.  All  advances  are  made  by 
specific   action   in    individual   cases. 


UNIVERSITY  OP  MINNESOTA.  I97 

TODD,  Frank  C. — Born  1869,  Minneapolis.  Public  schools,  man- 
ual training  schools,  St.  Louis,  two  years  academic,  University; 
D.  D.  S.,  University,  1891;  M.  D.,  1892,  graduate  work  in  eye,  ear, 
nose  and  throat,  in  America  and  Europe.  Clinical  assistant  and 
instructor,  eye  and  ear,  1894-98;  clinical  professor  eye  and  ear, 
1898-02;  professor  of  diseases  of  eye  and  ear,  1902  to  date.  Author 
of  a  method  of  performing  tenotomy,  which  enables  the  operator 
to  limit  the  effects  as  required,  1907;  Fourth  of  July  casualties  and 
what  can  be  done  in  Minneapolis  toward  their  suppression,  1907; 
Some  points  relating  to  oral  cavity  to  the  eye,  ear,  nose  and  throat, 
1906;  The  ripenin<joperations for  immature  senile  cataract;  Its  place, 
190'6;  Removal  of  foreign  bodies  from  the  cornea,  1905;  Extirpation 
of  the  faucial  tonsil,  1905;  The  removal  of  iron  and  steel  from  oth- 
er parts  of  the  body  than  the  eye,  by  the  use  of  the  giant  magnet, 
with  reports  of  two  cases,  1904;  Mastoid  abscess,  its  cause  and 
prevc^ntion,  1902;  A  secure  advancement  operation  performed  with 
the  aid  of  a  new  tendon  tucker,  simple  method  of  suturing  the 
tendons  in  ennuoleation,  1901;  Mules'  operation,  1901;  Determining 
factor  in  tlve  diagnosis  of  a  mastoid  abscess,  with  remarks  upon 
treatm'ent,  190O;  Fibers  from  the  homina  cribrosa  extending  out 
from  the  optic  disc  over  the  retina,  1900;  The  examination  of  school 
children's  sight  and  hearing,  1904;  An  exact  and  secure  tucking 
operatam  for  advancing  an  ocular  muscle;  Teaching  ophthalmology 
to  undergraduates,  1902;  School  sanitation,  relation  to  sight  and 
hearing;  Ophthalmia  neonatorum  prophylaxis;  Improved  tendon 
tuckers;  The  physiological  and  pathological  pupil,  1898;  The  result 
of  the  systemtic  examination  of  the  sight  and  hearing  of  the 
school  children  of  Minneapolis,  1907;  PoUinosis  (hay  fever);  Extir- 
pation of  the  lachrymal  sac.  304  Pillsbury  building.  411  Groveland 
avenue. 

TODD,  M.  R.— Appointed  regent  May  7,  1897,  resigned  Septem- 
ber   2,    1898. 

TOMHAVE,  W.  H. — Appointed  instructor  in  animal  by-products, 
college  of  agrictikurc,  1907,  but  resigned  to  take  up  work  in  th© 
State   College  of  Pennsylvania. 

TOUSLEY,  Orson  V.,  Minneapolis— Appointed  regent  1879  and 
served  until  January,  1883.  Superintendent  of  the  Minneapolis  city 
schools  for  fifteen  years  and  appointed  state  superintendent  of 
public  instruction,  though  he  did  not  accept  the  appointment.  Born 
at  Clarendon,  N.  Y.,  March  11,  1834,  and  died  July  18,  1902.  Mr. 
Tousley  was  known  as  the  "father  of  the  Minneapolis  school  sys- 
tem." 

TRACK  ATHLETICS — Information  concerning  track  meets  is 
so  mfagro  and  ^n  unre'iahlt,  that  it  was  thought  best  to  omit  en- 
tirely  from    this   edition. 

TRACK  RECORDS  for  the  University — One  hundred  yard  dash, 
10  seconds  flat,  by  Charles  Stephenson,  law,   in  1897  and  1898. 

Two  hundred  and  twenty  yard  dash,  22  1-5  seconds,  by  Charles 
atephonson,    in    1898. 

Four  hundred  and  forty  yard  dash,  50  1-5  seconds,  by  O.  C. 
Nelson,    in    1897    and    1898. 

Half   mile   run,    1:59,   by  Harris,    in   1901. 

Mile  run.   4:39  4-5,  by  Bedford,  in  1906. 

Mile  walk,   7:29,  by  F.  H.  Bunnell,  1897. 

One  hundred  twenty  yard  hurdle  race,  15  4-5,  by  Bockman,  in 
1902. 

Two  hundred  twenty  yard  hurdle.  25  flat,  by  Bockman.  in  1901. 

Mile  bicycle,    2:29,    ijy   L.   A.    Page,    Jr.,    in   1898. 

Two  mile  bicycle,   5:57i^,  F.  A.   Erb,   in  1896. 


ig8  DICTIONARY   OF  THE 

High  jump,  5  feet  9  inches,  Tate,   in  1900. 
Broad  jump,    22   feet  5   inches,   by  Gaines,   in   1899. 
Pole  vault,   10  feet  9  inches,   by  .Furber,   in   1901. 
Hammer,  16  pounds,   115  feet  5  inches,  by  Mattson,  in  1904. 
Sixteen-pound  shot  put,   3S  feet  2  inches,  by  Finlayson,   in  1896. 
TREFEHEN,    Charles   G.— Instructor   in   rr.etal  working,    1887-88. 
TRIPP,    Robert    H. — Professor   of  Latin   language  and  literature. 
1878-1880. 

TRUFANT,  Nellie  S. — Scholar  in  drawing,  1895-96;  instructor  in 
freehand   drawing  1890-03. 

TRUSSELL,    Emma    F.— Registrar   1883-84. 

TUCKER,  Frederick  D. — Principal  of  the  school  of  agricultui'e, 
and   instructor   in   mathematics,    1900-03. 

TUITION — At  the  organization  of  the  University,  the  theory  was 
that  the  state  should  furnish  education  absolutely  free  to  every- 
body who  came.  The  only  charges  made  in  the  early  days  were 
a  charge  of  $5  for  "incidental"  expenses  and  a  fee  to  cover  the  cost 
of  laboratory  material,  in  courses  w'here  such  material  was  used. 
This  so-called,  incidental  fee,  was  used  to  cover  petty  expenses 
and  was  not,  until  later  years  turned  over  to  the  state,  but  used 
during  the  year  and  any  unexpended  balance  was  turned  over  to 
the  treasurer  of  the  Uni\'ersity  at  the  close  of  the  year.  This 
plan  obtained  until  1889,  when  a  law  was  passed  chang- 
ing the  Whole  sytem  of  accounting  and  requiring  all  fees  to  be 
turned  into  the  stjate  treasury.  Prior  to  that  time  the  laboratory 
fees  had  been  collected  by  the  departnients  concerned  and  expend- 
ed for  supplies  to  take  the  place  of  those  consumed.  Down  to  about 
1890  near  relatives  of  professors  or  members  of  the  board  of  regents 
had    been   relieved   of   paying    the   incidental   fee. 

Witn  the  establis'hment  of  the  strictly  profession  departments, 
law  and  medicine,  tuition  was  fixed  on  the  general  understanding 
that  the  tuition  should  pay  a  considerable  portion  of  the  running 
expenses  of  these  departments,  the  state  furnishing  the  plant.  The 
law  department  has  always  paid  its  own  expenses  upon  this  plan 
and  ha.=;  returned  a  considerable  portion  of  the  cost  of  the  plant  to 
the  state.  The  medical  department  Jias  never  come  up  to  this 
standard,  tihe  necessary  expenses  of  that  department  being  so 
much  higher   than   those   of  a   college  of  law. 

In  1898  the  academic  fee  was  advanced  to  $5  a  term,  or  $15  a 
year.  In  1902,  it  was  advanced  another  $5  a  year  and  made  $10  a 
semester.  The  same  year  the  regulation  was  changed  concerning 
non-residents  and  the  fee  required  of  non-residents  was  doubled. 

Up  to  1902,  there  'had  been  no  distinction  made  between  stu- 
dents in  the  college  of  engineering  and  in  the  college  of  science, 
literature  and  the  arts,  but  in  that  year  thte  fee  was  made  sixty 
dollars  a  year  for  residents  and  twice  that  for  non-residents. 
This  regulation  was  never  put  in  force,  for  it  was  changed  during 
the  .'ummer  and  reduced  to  one-half  that  sum,  at  which  figure  it 
remains  to  this  present  time.  This  same  regulation  applies  also 
to  the  school.^   of  mines  and  chemistry. 

The  tuition  for  the  college  of  education  and  agriculture  are  the 
same  as  for  the  college  of  science,  literature  and   the  arts. 

The  fee  for  the  school  of  agriculture  is  $.T  a  year  for  residents 
and  $10  for  non-re.sidents.  The  total  necessary  expenses  for  one 
.^session  at  this  school  are  about  $85.  The  daii-y  school  fee  is  $16  a 
term.     The  fee  for  the  special  course  for  farmers  is  $10  a  term. 

Tuition  for  the  college  of  law  was  originally,  matriculation  fee 
$10,  tuition  $30.  with  a  diploma  fee  of  $10,  non-rosidents  were  then 
charged  double  the  matriculation  fee  and  the  annual  fee  was  made 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


19<* 


|3€.  In  1892,  the  plan  was  changed  and  the  distinction  between 
residents  and  non-residents  was  wiped  out  and  the  fee  increased 
to  $45  a  year  for  tuition.  In  1897,  the  annual  fee  was  increased  by 
$5,  making  it  $50  a  year.  In  1900,  the  fee  was  increased  to  $60  a 
year  ani!  the  diploma  fee  was  abolished.  Th©  fee  for  graduate 
work  in   this   college  is  $20  a  year. 

When  the  department  of  medicine  was  established  in  1888,  the 
fe?s  were  fixed  as  follows:  Matriculation  fee,  residents  $10,  non- 
residents, $25;  tuition,  residents  $25,  non-residents  $35;  dissections, 
$10  a  part,  or,  $10  a  body;  histologj-  and  pathologj-,  $5  each,  other 
laboratory  fees  at  actual  cost  ot  material.  Diploma  fee,  for  all 
alike,  $10.  These  fees  have  been  changed  at  various  times,  but 
always  in  the  direction  of  the  level  fee  and  the  abolition  of  special 
fees,  until  now  the  tuition  fee  for  the  colleges  of  medicine  and 
surgery  and  homeopathic  medicine  and  svirgery,  are  $10^0  a  year. 
The  only  other  fees  required  are  a  rental  fee  for  microscopes  for 
those  w'ho  do  not  own  their  own  instrument,  an  examination  fee 
for  the  removal  of  conditions,  at  oiner  than  the  regular  time,  a 
caution  fee,  of  $5,  returnable  at  the  end  of  the  year  less  any  charge 
against   the  depositor  for  breakage   and  loss. 

The  fee  for  the  college  of  dentistry  is  $150  a  year.  This  covers 
all  charge,  save  the  caution  fee,  $5  a  year,  returnable  unless 
charges  stand  against   the  depositor  for  breakage. 

The  college  of  pharmacy  fee  is  $165  for  the  course,  payable  in 
varying  installments,  according  as  the  student  does  his  work  in 
two  or  three  years.  A  caution  fee,  $5  a  year,  is  required  of  stu- 
aents  in  this  college  also. 

TULLER,  Charles  E. — Appointed  regent  May  15,  1900.  His  ap- 
pointment was  never  confirmed  by  the  senate  and  he  serv-ed  only 
until   his   successor  was  appointed,   February  lo,   1901. 

TUNSTEAD,  Hugh  J. — Lecturer  (homeopathic)  on  clinical 
obstetrics.  Iiio2-04;  associate  professor  of  obstetrics,  1904  to  date. 
Medical  block. 

TUTHILL,  James  E. — Instructor  in  history,  1905-06.  Grad- 
uate  of   the  University  of  Wisconsin. 

TWICHELL,  F.  E. — Demonstrator  in  charge  of  prosthetic 
clinic  and  instructor  in  continuous  gum  work,  1890-92;  instiTictor 
in  continuous  gum  w^ork  and  dental  art,  1892-93. 

TWINING,  Edward  H. — Instructor  in  natural  science,  pre- 
paratory department,  1867-69.  Professor  of  chemistry  and  instruc- 
tor in   French,   1869-71.     Member  of  the  first  University  faculty. 

UBRICH,  Henry — Instructor  in  carpentry,  190G  to  date.  602 
Buchanan  street  northeast. 

ULRICH,  Henry  L. — Assistant  in  clinical  microscopy,  1902  to 
date.     519   First  avenue  south. 

UNIVERSITY,     The — The    University    of    Minnesota    comprises 
the   following   named   colleges,   schools,   and  departments: 
The    Graduate   School. 

The   College   of  Science,    Literature   and  the   Arts 
The    College    of    Engineering    and    the    Mechanic    Arts 
The  School   of   Mines 

The   School    of  Analytical    and   Applied    Chemistry 
The    College   of    Education 
The    University    Summer    School 
The    Department   of  Agriculture 

The   CollcKe   of   Agriculture 

The    School  of   Agriculttire 

Short    Course    for  Farmers 

The  Dairy   School 


20O 


DICTIONARY   OF  THE 


The  Crookston  School  of  Agriculture 
The  College  of  Law 
The  Department  of   Medicine 

The    College    of   Medicine    and    Surgery 

I'he   College    of    Homeopathic   Medicine   and    Surgery 

The   College   of   Dentistry 

The  College   of  Pharmacy 

UNIVERSITY  BAND,  The — Is  an  official  organization  connected 
with  tlie  military  department!  of  the  University  and  has  been 
maintained  since  the  department  was  first  organized  at  this  insti- 
tution. The  University  provides  an  instructor  who  is  known  as 
tthe  director  of  the  band.  The  band  gives  public  concerts,  plays 
for  the  cadet  corps  on  drill  days  and  upon  various  public  occasions 
about  the  University. 

UNIVERSITY  BULLETINS,  The— Published  by  authority  of  the 
board  of  regents  twelve  times  a  year — every  four  weeks  during 
the  University  year.  Bulletines  sent  gratuitously,  postage  paid,  to 
all  persons  who  apply  for  them. 

UNIVERSITY  CATHOLIC  ASSOCIATION,  The— This  is  an 
organization  of  students  of  the  University,  members  of  fhe  Cath- 
olic ehumh.  It  v/as  organized  in  1900  for  the  purpose  of  uniting 
these  students  in  closer  bonds  of  friendship  and  for  promoting 
the  interests  of  the  Catholic  church  among  the  students  of  the 
Univerity  by  means  of  the  study  of  the  Bible  and  the  history  and 
doctrines  of  the  Catholic  Church.  A  reception,  to  new  students, 
is  held  each  fall,  and  during  the  year  several  socials  are  pro- 
vided.    Membership   is   open   to   any  University   student. 

UNIVERSITY    COLORS— Old   Gold   and   Maroon. 

UNIVERSITY  CONGRESS,  The— An  organization  of  students, 
mainlj-  of  the  department  of  politics,  for  the  puriDOse  of  securing 
training  in  extemporaneous  debate  and  the  forms  of  government 
and    administration    of    public   bodies. 

UNIVERSITY,  COUNCIL,  The — At  the  meeting  of  the  board 
of  regents  held  May  31,  1905,  a  University  council  was  established 
according  to   the   following  plan: 

I.  The  name  of  the  body  shall  be  the  University  Council.  It 
shall  consist  of  the  president  of  the  University,  the  deans  of  the 
various  colleges  and  schools,  one  elected  representative  from  each 
college  or  school  for  each  four  hundred  students  or  major  fraction 
thereof,   and  one  representative  of  the  general   alumni   association. 

II.  The  elected  members  shall  serve  for  a  period  of  one  year. 
T'hey  shall  be  chosen  from  the  various  faculties  at  the  time  of  the 
selection  of  standing  committees.  The  representative  of  the  gen- 
eral alumni  association  shall  be  chosen  by  that  body  at  its  annual 
meeting  from  among  the  alumni  wiio  ai-e  not  members  of  the  Uni- 
versity. 

III.  The  Council  shall  be  authorized  to — 

a)  Appoint  the  following  committees  or  fhe  faculty  representa- 
tion  thereon: 

The    University   auditing    committee 

The    University   press    committee 

The   committee   on    athletics 

The  committee  on  University  relations  to  other  institutions 
of  higher  learning. 

The   committee   on  liealth   and   sanitation 

The  committee  on  commencement  and  other  University  func- 
tions 

The  committiee  on  catalogue,  programs  and  courses  of  study 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  201 

The  committee  on  student  -tertain-ents  and  soci^ 
And  such  other  committees  as  the  general  bniverbi  y 
"^'S)'Recetve   reports  from   such   committees   and   to   make    such 
recommendations  as  may  be  required.  general    rniversity 

c)     Consider    and    act    upon    any    "^^"er    ot    g  ^.^^    ^^^    ^^ 

interest   beyond   the    Province    of    a   sing  elacu    y  ^^^^^^^^^^ 

reterrcd  TO  it  by  ihc  president  of  the   nnu^^^^^^^  ^^^    ^^^^ 

IV.     The    Council    shall    hold    f  ^J^d    meeung         p     ^^^^    ^^^^^ 
Monday    of    October.    DecembeiApnl    and    June 
meetings   as   the  president  of   the   \^^^/™    ";?,    WAR-The   to- 

UNIVERSITY    IN    THE    SPANlSH-AMER  CAN    W^^^ 
tal  number  of  alumni    and  students  ^v  ho  se.v  ed  in         ^^^.       ^^  ^^^ 
Spair.  was.  21S.     Of  this  numbei    o.  ^veie  in  ^'^^       ^^.^^^^  officers; 
time  of  enlistment.     o3  '•e^^'^tj^^^^^^t^^^^fihr University   enlisted: 
there  were  165   privates.     ^S  graduates   oi   in  ^^^^^^   enlisted 

13'5   of   those    enlisted    have   ^,^^^^,^,^f!f  ^^^m    the    University    either 
S^rer  slSrih^-r'^On^Jn^an^^^^  ser.-ing  in  the  civ- 

rwTr  has  Since  enrolh^d  in  ^^^^     ^,_,,   organization 

^^^.tftSe^-^-^ef  J^^S^st^o    -e    general    University 

public,  organized  in  -~:^'^'^^;^\,,^  Hmited  amount  of 
UNIVERSITY  ^^^^^^^'l^^Z°n^trelitZions  times,  by 
University  f^^^^f^^^^"  ^^^.^^e^/sity.  The  amount  of  regular  class 
fo^m^^r^  andThe"\lrie"cIalsel  have  made  the  development  of 
this  "department  impracticable.  organization    of    men 

UNIVERSITY     PRESS   .CLUB      T, J^     '^ ;        ^^g^  student  report- 

'"L'n.VERSITV   quartet.  T.e-A  musl^aj^  "TmSSi.  "seS 
UNIVERSITY    SOHOUARSH,PS_-.t    ^=    t»^e    P» UcV    o^'    'l.-^^^.s. 

-"?'  ';r.?aP„,.en.,  are  ™-e  ■,>....  K»eut>v^e  Co.„,U.ee  ,, 
the    board    ot    regents,    upon    t  e  ^^^^'^  ^^       approval   by   the 

ment  in   which    the   apPomti.ie:.t   i^   desirea    41  ^   graduate    or 

faculty:    2.     Recipients   of   scholarships   ma,    be   e^t^^     .^^^^^^^   ^^ 
undergraduate    st^^^ents     3.    Ihe    scholars     p^^^^^      ^^^  ^^  p^^_ 

ssr  i^^^i^  ^^^|^S^i^a?r:?  a^atu;;risSt 

?.  ;;;SlttS;r:fTmSe?^^^e:  L:  of  wonc  in  ^e  depart- 
men    in  which  the  scholarship  is  provided. 

UNIVERSITY    SONG.    The-The    Uni^-eisUy    song     Ha.^  Mi^^^^ 
sota,  was  originally  \he   class  song  of  the  class  of  1^  ^^^^^^^ 

so   appealed   to   the   student   hod>    that  it   soon  ^^  ^^^^ 

consent,   considered  the  Unn-ersity  son         The^s^e^co^    ^^^^^^^^^ 

^-;iti^^^/ir^/|;£^^^^----,  -      -s 

ropSTanra^s^onl-^-err  wriftin   by'^Arthur   Upson.    '05,    was 


202  DICTIONARY  OF   THE 

suibstituted  therefor.  T'he  song  as  it  is  now  sung,  consists  o£ 
the  first  verse  of  the  original,  composed  by  Truman  Ricliard,  '04, 
in  collaboration  with  Rev.  E.  W.  Shurtleff,  and  the  second  verse 
from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Upson.  The  music  was  composed  by  Mr. 
Rickard. 

Hail!   Minnesota. 
Minnesota,   hail  to  thee, 

Hail  to   thee  our  college  dear; 
Thy   light   shall   ever   be 

A  beacon  bright  and  clear; 
Thy   sons   and   daughters   true 

Will  proclaim  thee  near  and  far; 
They   will   guard   thy  fame 

And  adore   thy   name; 
Thou    s'halt   be    their   Northern    Star. 

Like  the  stream  that  bends  to   sea 

Like  the  pine  that  seeks  the  blue; 
Minnesota,    still   for   thee 

Thy  sons   are   strong  and  true. 
From  thy  woods  and  waters  fair; 

From  thy  prairies  waving  far, 
At  thy  call  they  throng 

With   their   shout    and   song 
Hailing  thee  their  Northern    Star. 
See  Minnesota  Alumni  Weekly  of  April  22,  1907,  page  10. 

UNIVERSITY  SPRING,  The — In  the  early  days  of  the  Uni- 
versity this  spring  was  used  to  supply  water  to  the  University, 
a  hydraulic  ram  raising  the  water  to  the  buildings.  Later  the  use 
of  the  hydraulic  ram  was  discontinued  and  the  class  of  1885  built 
a  wall  about  the  spring  and  fixed  it  up  as  a  memorial.  The  spring 
was  the  source  of  drinking-water  supply  for  many  families  living 
in  southeast  Minneapolis,  for  many  yeai-s.  Owing  to  changes 
about  the  University  and  grounds  the  imderground  feeders  of  the 
spring  were  diverted  and  the  spring  ceased  to  exist. 

UNIVERSITY  YEAR — The  University  year  covers  a  period 
of  thirty-eight  weeks  beginning  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  Sep- 
tember, Commencement  day  being  always  the  second  Thursday  in 
June.  L''p  to  1901,  the  year  was  divided  into  three  terms,  the 
first  ending  at  Thanksgiving  time  and  the  second  about  the  last 
of  February.  The  college  of  law  still  follows  the  old  plan  of  divi- 
sion. The  school  of  agriculture  has  two  terins.  the  first  beginning 
about  the  first  of  Octtober  and  running  to  Christmas  time  and 
the  second  from  the  first  of  January  until  late  in  March.  The 
Dairy  school  term  runs  during  December  and  the  short  course  for 
farmers  during  January  and  part  of  February'. 
UNIVERSITY    YELL— 

Rah!    Rah!    Rah! 

Ski-I%Mah! 

Hoo-rah!    Hoo-rah! 

'Varsity!    'Varsity! 

Minn-so-ta! 
also — 

Rah!     Rah!     Rah!     Rah!     Rah!     Rah! 

Ski-U-Mah!    Min-ne-so-ta! 

UNVEILING  OF  THE  STATUE  of  John  S.  Plllsbury— A 
pamphlet  of  forty-six  pages  and  cover,  containing  a  full  report 
of  the  addresses  made  on  the  occasion  of  the  unveiling  of  the 
statue  of  John   S.  Pillsbury,   September  12,  1900. 


OF-RICE       STATIOISI  E:F=JV 

CATAL-OQUES 

BOOKLETS 

MEN  US 

B A  MQU  EXS 

F^FROOFJAMMES 

SOCIETV       S-TA-riONERV 


(incorporated) 

Printing    anti    Jlnhlial^ing 
1401  lutiirrsita  Aup.  i*.  !£.  ilimtrajinltH.  iHnut. 

tiDttiiaBttr  Main  Sntraurp  tu  Mniurraitt;  (Campus 


C3.    F?.    MARTI  N, 

PFteSI  DENT 


I.   \^/.   WIL-SOM, 

^rce- PRESIDENT 


C.    l_.    SWA  I  IM, 

SEGWETARY 


.    A-     MORRISSEY, 

:asurer  and  manager 


204  DICTIONARY  OP  THE 

VALEDICTORIANS— 1875,  Helen  Mar  Ely;  1876,  Martha  A. 
Butler;  1S77,  Matilda  Jane  Campbell;  1878,  Nettie  Getehell;  1879, 
W.  W.  Keysor;  1880,  A.  W.  Rankin;  1881,  George  B.  Alton;  1882, 
M.  Louise  Henry;  1883,  Louise  Hollister;  1884,  Oscar  Firkins; 
1885,  James  Gray;  1886,  W.  F.  Webster;  1887,  A.  B.  Gould;  1888,  P. 
R.  Benson;  1889,  Margaret,  L.  Sewall,  91.73;  1890,  Joseph  Brown 
Pike,  93.20;  1891,  C.  P.  Lommen,  95.18;  1892,  Effie  Ames  Rochford; 
94.55;  1893,  Elizabeth  Peters,  96.60;  1894,  J.  Harry  Dewart,  94.28; 
1895,  J.  J.  Boraas,  95.33;  1896,  Elizabeth  Beach,  96.68;  1897,  Marion 
Potter,  96.13;  1898,  Mary  E.  Olson,  96.58;  For  the  following  year, 
the  honor  of  '.'valedictory"  was  not  awarded,  but  the  students 
named  were  granted  first  honors  for  scholarship — 1899,  Ethel  C. 
Brill,  94.59;  1900,  Ida  P.  Llndquist,  95.21;  1901,  Dagny  Sunne,  ; 
1902,    Lee    O.    Kellogg,  .      Scholarship    honors    were    abolished 

after  1902. 

VALEDICTORY— Up  to  and  including  the  class  of  1888  the  val- 
edictorifin  and  salutatorian  were  elected  by  the  members  of  the 
class,  without  any  specific  reference  to  the  question  of  scholarship. 
Beginning  with  the  class  of  1S89,  these  honors  were  made  a  reward 
of  scholarship,  the  valedictory  going  to  the  highest  and  the  salu- 
tatory .to  the  secor.'d  highest  student  in  point  of  scholarship.  These 
honors  were  always  confined  to  the  members  of  the  senior  class  of 
the  college  of  science,  "literature  and  the  arts.  This  custom  was 
kept  up  until  the  commencement  of  1899.  when  President  Northrop 
delivered  the  first  commencement  address.  From  that  time  on 
student  speakers  for  commencement  exercises  have  been  dispensed 
with.  Bo  long  a.3  the  old  custom  of  student  orations  was  followed 
the  salutatory  was  always  given  in  Latin. 

VAN  BARNEVELD,  Charles  Edwin— Born  at  The  Hague,  Hol- 
land, November  26th,  1S69.  Educated  at  the  Lysee  de  Sainte  Andre, 
France:  Kings  College,  Windsor.-  N.  S.;  McGill  University,  M'ontre- 
ai,  Canada.  Practical  work  as  a  mining  engineer  and  metallurgist 
in  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  California.  Arizona,  Mexico  and  Central 
America.  Associate  professor  of  mining,  1898-99;  professor,  same, 
1899  to   date.     41   Oak  street  southeast. 

VANDER  HORCK,  Max  P. — Professor  of  diseases  of  the  skin, 
and    genito-urinary    organs    since    1888.     Pillsbury    buliding. 

VAN  DUZEE,  Charles  A. — Instructor  in  operative  dental  tech- 
nics. 1890-01.  Instructor  in  operative  dentistry,  1899-01;  clinical 
professor  of  operative   dentistry,   1901-02. 

VAN  SANT,  Samuel  R.,  Winona — Regent  ex-officio,  governor, 
January  10th   190i -January  1905. 

VAN  SLYKE,  Letitia.— Instructor  in  farm  accounts,  school  of 
agriculture,    since   1906. 

VAN    VOORHES,    Abram,    Stillwater— Regent   1851-1860. 

VETERINARY  BUI  LDI NG— Erected  in  1901,  at  a  cost  of  $25,- 
000.  It  contains,  on  the  lower  floor,  the  operating  room  with  am- 
phitheatre seats  for  eiglity  students;  pharmacy  and  instrument 
room;  box  stall  ward;  open  stall  ward  and  contagious  ward;  and 
two  dissecting  rooms.  On  the  upper  floor  are  a  large  museum  and 
physiology  class  laboratory  and  private  office.  There  are  a  num- 
ber of  new  features  in  the  stalls  and  stall  fixtures  of  the  hospital. 

VYE,  John  A. -Born  October  28th,  1867,  Fair  Haven,  Minn. 
Common  and  high  schools.  Taught  country  school  two  years;  busi- 
n"FS  college  two  years;  Indian  school,  three  months.  Secretary  of 
the  department  of  agriculture  since  1891.  Has,  at  Various  times 
taught  arithmetic,  grammar,  and  penmanship  in  the  school  of  agri- 


UNIVERSITY  OV-  MINNESOTA.  205 

culture.  Is  now  teaching  farm  accounts  in  same  school.  Author 
of  Creamery  Accounting;  Farm  Accounts.  1449  Cleveland  avenue, 
North  St.   Paul. 

WADSWORTH.  Joel  E.— Assistant  professor  of  civil  engmeer- 
ins  1S92-93.  also  in  charge  of  mechanics  and  structure  engmeering, 
1S93-94;    professor    of    structural    engineering   1894-95. 

WAITT,    Henry   M.— Instructor  in   engineering  1882-1884. 
WALKER     VERSAL   J.— Professor   of   Latin   from   1869   to   date 
of  his  death,   May  ISth,   1876.     Member  of  the  first   University  fac- 
ulty. ,     .        .„-„ 

WALLS,  James  M.-3tudent  assistant  in  crown  technics,  189^- 
94:  assistant  in  crown  technics,  1894-96.  Instructor  in  operatn^e 
technics  and  demon.strator  of  cperative  dentistry.  1902  to  date. 
Gcrmania  building,  St.  Paul. 

WANGELIN,   Hugo   E.— Instructor  in  dental  technics,  1890-91. 
WARD,    Mary   (Mrs.    G.   S.    Phelps),  general  secretaxy  of  the  T. 
W    C    A  .   1900-01.     Mrs.    Phelps   now     resides     in     Kyoto,     Japan, 
where  Mr.  Phelps  is  engaged  in  work  under  the  direction  of  the  in- 
ternational committee  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A. 

WARREN,  Frank  M.— Instructor  in  military  sc-.ence,  1898-99  in 
charge  of  th;  department.  Now  engaged  in  mining  engineering 
business,  with  headquarters  in  this  city. 

WASHBURN,  Frederick  Leonard— Born  April  12,  18G0,  Brook- 
line  Ma^s  Educated  at  Roxbury  Latin  school.  Harvard  Lniyer- 
luv  PA  188^  M  A.,  1895;  graduate  student  at  Johns  Hopkins 
Urdversitv;'  assiVtant  in'zoclog,?  University  of  Michigan;  professor 
of  zoology  and  entomology,  State  Agricultural  Co  lege  of  Oregon, 
•  f.lJ^  r.f  v>inin°v    T^niver«itv  of  Oregon;   state  biologist  of  Ore- 

^o?  professor  o^eAtomooJy.Universiry  of  Minnesota,  also  ento- 
mologist a  sTate  experin.ent  station  and  for  the  state  of  Minneso- 
M  lfo2  to  date  Fe  low,  A.  A.  A.  P.;  member  of  the  American  As- 
sJ;:iation  of  Sconomic  Entomologists,  Entomology  Society  of  Amer- 
icT  imedcan  Societv  of  Naturalists.  Writingsr-Various  publica- 
tions oT  the  economics  of  insects.     1112   Sixth   street  southeast. 

WASHBURN  W.  W.— The  principal  of  the  University  frorn 
ISe^to  18^9  Thi^was  iu  the  days  when  the  University  existed 
if^nlv  as  a  prepara^orv  department  and  before  it  was  organized  as 
a  Unfversiry  Mr.  Washburn  was  professor  of  German  and  Latin 
in  n=  ^Hnrinnl  of  the  preparatory  school,  which  opened  Octo- 
ZT'Vl^^^^i^  o"  existence  with  the  re-organization 
and  ele  tion  of  a  University  faculty,   August  23d,  1869. 

WASHINGTON.    D.    C.-An    alumni    organization    is    maintained 

-  T^B  .9^  tS^^en^S^rgf  •  T^^^^^'^^^ 
Secretary;  W.  C  Gerdsen,  1898,  treasurer;  The  address  of  the  sec- 
retary is  326  Maryland  avenue,   N.   E. 

WATERS.   Claire   C— Instructor   in  French,   1901 -Oo. 

WATSON,   Nathan   L.-Assistant  in  technics  and  clinics,   college 

"'  WEBSTER. 'Albert  M. -Instructor  in  medical  and  pharmaceu- 
^"  WE^/^omas^^Born    m    Ohio  ^.     Studied  ^e^stry. 

"?,?s"o'Tra:;=t?f  pracliJarde'nUst^y  I  the  Hospital  College 
until  1880.   P':ot«'^..or  oi   V  department  of  the  Uni- 

elrsR>n^l88S.     Proflsso7'Tf"operative  dentistry,  1888-91;  profes- 


206  DICTIONARY   OP  THE 

sor  of  operative  technics  and  dental  anatomy,  1891-94;  operative 
dentistry  and  dental  anatomy,  1891-95;  dean,  Iiolding  same  profes- 
sorial title,  1895-97;  profossoi"  of  operative  dentistry  and  crown  and 
bridge  work,  1897-01.  First  president  of  the  Minneapolis  Dental 
Society  and  the  State  Dental  Association. 

WEISS,  Andrew  J.— Born  June  30th,  1868,  Stephensville,  Wis. 
Country  and  village  schools.  Experience  on  farm,  carpentry,  cab- 
inet making,  painting  and  wood  finislaing.  Two  years'  experience 
in  dentist's  office.  Instructor  in  technics,  college  of  dentistry, 
since   1900'.     ;1708   Stevens  avenue. 

WEISS,  Oscar  A. — Student  assistant  in  operative  technics,  1892- 
93;  D.  M.  D. — Assistant  in  operative  technics,  1893-95;  instructor  in 
operative  technics,  1895-96;  clinical  profes.sor  of  prosthetic  dentis- 
try and  crown  and  bridge  work,  1896  to  date. 

WELLS.  Amos  C— Assistant  demonstrator  in  histology  and 
dental  anatomy,  1905  to  date.     Andrus  building. 

WELLS,  Charles  L. — Pi'ofessor  of  diseases  of  children,  1888-1897. 

WELLS,  Charles  Luke— Born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  June  23,  1858. 
He  prepared  for  college  at  the  faraou.s  Boston  Latin  school,  and 
entered  Harvard  in  ]875,  graduating  with  degree  of  B.  A.  in  1879. 
Pursued  a  course  in  Canibridge  Episcopal  Theological  school,  grad- 
uating in  1832  with  degree  of  D.  B.  He  was  ordained  deacon  in  the 
same  year  and  priest  in  18&3.  The  next  six  years  were  spent  in  the 
two  parishes  of  Hingham,  Mass.,  18S2-S4;  and  Gardiner,  Maine,  1884- 
88.  In.  1886,  Mr.  Wells  mai'ried  Miss  Mary  L.  Goddard,  of  Nashua, 
N.  H.  He  was  elected  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  in  the 
Seabury  Divinity  School  at  Faribault,  Minn.,  in  1888,  and  continued 
until  1892.  part  of  the  time  as  acting  warden. 

In  the  summer  of  1892,  he  obtained  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  from 
Harvard.  In  1S9S-4;  he  studied  abroad  in  the  Public  Record  Office 
and  British  Museum.  Accepted  the  offer  of  a  position  of  assistant 
professor  of  history  at  the  University  in  1894,  made  professor  of 
history  in  1897.  Resigned  in  1899  to  accept  the  position  of  dean  of 
the   Cathedral   church,    New   Orleans,    L.a. 

WELLS,  H.  Journey. — Clinical  assistant  in  diseases  of  the  ej-e 
and   ear.     Masonic   Temple. 

WELLS,  James  O. — Instructor  in  crown  and  bridge  work,  1898- 
1901;  also  operative  technics,  1901-02;  professor  of  crown  and 
bridge  worlc  and  porcelain  art.   1902   to  date.     Masonic  Temple. 

WESBROOK,  Frank  Fairchlld.— Born  July  12,  1868,  Oakland, 
Ont.,  Canada.  Scholastic  training.  London,  Ontario,  private  and 
public  scliools  and  public  schools  and  collegiate  department,  Win- 
nipeg, Manitoba.  B.  A.,  University  of  Manitoba,  18S7;  summer,  1888, 
McGill  Medical  College,  Montreal,  Canada;  University  of  Manitoba, 
M.  A.,  1S90  and  M.  D.,  C.  M.,  1890;  house  surgeon,  Winnipeg  General 
Hospital,  1890;  railway  surgeon,  1890,  Banff,  N.  W.  T.,  Canada; 
graduate  work  at  King's  College,  London,  1891;  St.  Mary's  Hospi- 
tal Great  Ormoncle  Children's  Hospital,  London;  Rotunda,  Lying-in 
Ho.'^pital,  Dublin;  Diploma,  L.  M.,  Rotunda  Hospital,  Dublin,  1892. 
Cambridge  University,  1892-1895  inclusive,  John  Lucas  Walker  stu- 
dentship in  pathology.  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  London,  and 
Hygienisches  and  Pathologisches  Instituts,  Marburg,  1894.  Taught 
cx,unti*y  school.  M'anitoba,  1887;  demonstrator  for  two  years  and 
had  charge  of  the  bacteriolcgical  teaching  for  one  year.  University 
of  Cambridge,  J 892-1895.  At  aamo  time,  professor  of  pathology-. 
University  of  Manitoba,  Winnipeg.  Manitoba.  Member  of  the 
Minnesota  State  Board  of  Health,  1896-1900;  Director  of  its  labor- 
atories 1896   to   date.     Professor   of   bacteriology.     University     1895; 


UNIVERSITY  OP  MINNESOTA.  207 

professor  of  pathology  and  bacteriology,  1S9G  to  date;  dean  of  the 
CoJlese  of  medicine  and  surgery,  June  1906  to  date.  Author  Lab- 
oratory reports  Minnesota  State  Board  01  Health;  contributor  to 
technical  journals,  and  societies  on  diphtheria,  rabies  cholera  an- 
thrax, acute  infectious  diseases  of  animals,  effects  of  sunlight  on 
bact^iia.  bacterial  toxin.s,  wandering  cells  of  the  intestine,  medical 
education,    embalming   fluids,    water,    immunity     ^^ver    eta 

Member.  American  Public  Health  Association,  President,  190o, 
f'la'irman  Laboratory  Section,  IWl;  Association  of  American  Pliy- 
sictn^a^d  American  Association  of  Pathologists  and  Bactenolo- 
ists  American  Associatior.  for  the  Advancement  of  Science 
fmenber  of  committee  of  One  Hundred);  American  Physiological 
«Vociety-  American  Medical  Association;  Society  of  American  Bac- 
teriologisVs  Minnesota  State  Medical  Society;  Hennepin  County 
M?dicTl  Society;  Minnesota  Pathological  Society;  Pathological  So- 
^:?rof  Great' 'Britain  and  Ireland;  Pathological  Section  of^e 
RoN-al  A-ademy  01  Medicine,  London,  Eng. ;  member  of  the  AdMs- 
mv  Boa^-d  of  the  U.  S.  Public  Health  and  Marine  Hospital  Service; 
Vice  President,  Pathological  Section  of  the  International  Congress 
on  Tuberculosis;  Minnesota  Academy  of  Medicine;  National  Associ- 
ation foi-  the  study  and  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis,  chairman.  Pa- 
thological  Section.     90G   Fifth   street  southeast. 

WEST,  Willis  Mason. — Born  November  16th,  1857,  St.  Cloud, 
Mi"n  B  A.  University,  1879;  superintendent  of  schools,  Duluth, 
18bl-81:  Faribault  18S4-91;  professor  of  history.  University  of 
North  Dakota,  91-92;  professor  of  history  in  University,  since  189^. 
Author  of  Ancient  History,  to  Charlemagne;  Modern  History;  the 
Ancient  World;  History  of  the  University  of  Minnesota.  1..14 
Sixth  street  southeast. 

WESTFRMANN,  William  Linn.— Born  September  loth,  1873, 
Belleville  II!  High  school,  Decatur.  111.,  1890;  NeiDraska,  A.  B. 
18S4-  \  M  ]89€;  Berlin  University,  Ph.  D.,  1902.  Taught  two  years 
in'  preparatory  department  of  the  University  of  Nebraska;  three 
years  in  high  school,  Decatur,  111.;  four  years  instructor  and  assist- 
ant professor  of  history.  University  of  Missouri;  assistant  professor 
of  history.  University,  since  1906.  Author  of  books  reviews,  Klei- 
tor-Polykieitos;  Inter-state  Arbitration  in  Antiquity.  827  University 
avtnue  southeast. 

WH EATON.  Charles  A. — Professor  of  the  principles  and  prac- 
tice of  surgery,  1888-1902;  emeritus  professor  of  surgery,  1902  to 
date.     Lowry  Arcade,    St.    Paul. 

WHEATON,   Robert  A. — Clinical  instructor  in  surgery,  1895-1S97. 

WHEELAN,    Ralph. — Lecturer  on   the  law  of  torts,   1889-91. 

WHEELER,  William  A.— Instructor  in  botany,  19'00-02;  wood 
technology  and  diseases  of  wood.  1902-03.  Graduate  of  the  college 
of  agriculture,  class  of  1900  and  1901.  Afterward  professor  in  the 
S.   D.   Agricultural   college.     Now   in   business   at  Mitchell,    S.    D. 

WHERLAND,    H.    L. — Assistant  engineer,   1903-06. 

WHITE.  Albert  Beebe. — Born  September  11th,  1871,  East  Ran- 
dolph now  Holbrook,  Mass.  Boston  Latin  School,  1889;  B.  A., 
Yale."  1893;  graduate  work  at  Yale,  1895-98,  Ph.D.  189'8;  Three 
months  at  I'niversity  at  Leipzig.  1897.  lectures  on  history  and  his- 
torical seminar:  Taught  in  The  .Siglar  School,  1893-95,  a  private 
.school  for  boys  at  Newburgh,  N.  Y.:  New  Haven  high  school.  1897- 
99.  Instructor  in  history,  University,  1899-1900;  assistant  professor, 
same.  1900-1907;  professor,  1907  to  date.  Author  of  Book  reviews. 
Phi  Beta  Kappa.     325  Sixth  avenue  southeast. 


208  DICTIONARY   OF  THE 

WHITE,    B.    D.— Instructor  in  butter  making,   1895-06. 

WHITE,  S.  Marx.— Born  July  16th,  1S73,  Hokali,  M'inn.  High 
school,  Sandwich,  111.  18:)1;  B.  S.,  University  of  Illinois,  1896;  M.  D., 
Northwestern  University  Medical  School,  Chicago,  1897.  Interne 
Cook  County  Hospital,  1897-98.  Graduate  work  in  internal  med- 
icine and  pathology,  Vienna,  1904.  Junior  demonstrator  of  pathol- 
ogy and  bacteriology,  1898-1900;  assistant  professor,  same,  1900-05; 
associate  professor,  same,  1905  to  date.  Tuberculosus  Glomerulitis; 
The  Pathology  of  Typhus  Fever;  Some  side  lights  from  recent 
literature  on  the  pathology  of  pneumonia.  Specialist  in  internal 
medicine  and  pathology;  member  of  medical  staff  of  Northwestern 
hospital;  Pathologist  of  City  and  St.  Barnabas  hospitals.  704  Pills- 
bury  building. 

WHITMORE,  John— Born  in  1864,  at  New  Haven,  Conn.  He 
prepared  for  college  at  the  New  Haven  high  school  and  at  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.  Graduated  from  Yale  with  the  class  of  1886.  After  teaching 
a  year  in  the  high  school  at  Humboldt,  Iowa,  he  came  to  the  Uni- 
versity as  instructor  in  physics,  in  charge  of  the  department  dur- 
ing the   absence   of   Professor  Jones   in  Europe,    1887-89. 

WHITNEY,  Ellen  M.— Secretary  to  the  president  of  the  Uni- 
versity,  1897   to  date. 

WHITNEY,  Nellie  A.— Assistant  in  rhetoric  since  1906.  B.  A., 
University,   1900. 

WHITRIDGE,  Grace  B.^Instructor  in  physical  culture,  school 
of  agriculture,   1901  to  date. 

WILCOX.  Archa  Edward. — Born  November,  1876,  Minneapolis. 
Minneapolis  public  schools;  Minneapolis  Academy;  east  high 
school;  special  student.  University  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  four  years  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  German  Hospital,  Philadelphia, 
three  years.  Quiz  master,  Hamline,  anatomy,  two  years.  Assist- 
ant in  clinical  surgery  and  quiz  master  in  surgery,  1906  to  date. 
Contributor  to  medical  press.     340  Andrus  building. 

WILCOX,  Asa  S. — Professor  (homeopathic)  diseases  of  women, 
1894-95;  Senior  professor  of  practice  of  medicine  1900  to  date.  M'a- 
soiitc  Temple. 

Vi/ILCOX,  M.  Russell. — Demonstrator  of  physiology,  1897-07;  as- 
sistant professor  of  physiology  1907  to  date.   Pillsbury  building. 

WILCOX,  Van  H. — Assistant  in  operative  surgery,  1903-1906; 
Instructor  in  same,   1906  to  date.     Pillsbury  building. 

WILDE,  Norman.— Born  June  12th.  1908,  Dobbs  Ferry,  N.  Y. 
A.  B.  Columbia,  ]889;  A.  M.,  same,  1S90;  Ph.D.,  same,  1894;  Uni- 
versity of  Berlin,  1891-93;  Harvard  University,  1893-94.  Assistant 
in  philosophy,  Columbia,  1894-98;  Instructor  in  philosophy.  Univer- 
sity, 189S-0O;  As.=3istant  professor,  same,  1900-02;  acting  professor, 
1902-03 ;  professor,  1903  to  date.  Author  of  Ftiedrich  Heinrich  Jacobi, 
1894;  Various  articles  and  reviews  in  various  philosophical  and  psy- 
chological .iournais.  Member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa;  Western  Philo- 
sophical Association;  American  Philosophical  Association.  901 
Sixth  street  southeast. 

WILDER.  Helen  A. — Instructor  in  rhetoric,  1897-02.  Since  en- 
gaged in  educational  work  and  at  present  time  teacher  in  the  Girls' 
high  school,  Germantow.n,  Pa. 

WILHOIT,  A.  D. — Assistant  in  chemistry,  department  of  agri- 
culture,  1906-07;    instructor   in  soils,   1907  ta  date. 

WILKIN,  Matilda  Jane  Campbell. — Born  January  27th,  1846, 
HaiTington,   Me.     Public  schools  of  Harrington;   Washington  Coun- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  209 

ty  Academy,  East  Machias,  Me.;  Salem  Normal  School,  Salem, 
Mass.;  B.  L.,  University,  1&77;  studied  at  University  CoUeg-e,  lx>n- 
don,  England,  and  at  Gottingen.  Germany,  M'.  L.,  University. 
Graduate  work  at  the  T^nivcrsity  of  Chicago.  Taught  Ave  years  in 
district  school  of  Washington  county.  Me.;  one  term  Wrentham, 
Mass.;  three  years  in  grades  and  one  in  hi^h  schools  of  Minneap- 
olis; Intructor  in  (rerman  and  English,  University,  1ST7-1892;  as- 
sistant professor  of  German  since  1S92.  Author  of  English-Ger- 
man Idioms,  1899;  revised  edition,  19M.  G18  Fifteenth  avenue 
southeast. 

WILKINSON,  Eleanor  M.— Instructor  in  dietetics,  1899-01;  also 
in  physiclogy  1901  -04. 

WILL,  Arthur   B.— Lecturer  on  circumstantial  evidence,   1894-&0. 

WILLARD,  Charles  A.— Lecturer  on  the  law  of  bailments,  1888- 
1900. 

WILLIAM  JENNINGS  BRYAN  PRIZE,  THE— The  Honorable 
William  Jennings  Bryan  has  given  the  University  the  sum  of  $200 
for  the  encouragement  of  studies  in  political  science.  The  annual 
income  will  be  given  as  a  prize  to  the  writer  of  the  best  essay  up- 
on a  topic  to  be  announced  each  year.  The  competition  is  open  to 
ail  students  of  the  college  of  science,  literature  and  the  arts.  In 
1899,  to  C.  W.  Buttz;  in  1905,  this  prize  was  awarded  to  Ellis  A. 
Robinson. 

WILLIAMS  Collection  of  Photographs  and  Photographic  Nega- 
tives—  Mr.  Arus  Williams,  of  Minneapolis  has  given  to  the  Uni- 
versity his  extensive  collection  of  negatives  and  photographs.  Dur- 
ing many  years  of  active  work  as  a  photographer,  he  has  collected 
a  series  of  several  thousand  plates  representing  geologic  and  geo- 
graphic subjects,  commercial  views  and  historic  scenes.  These  will 
prove  of  great  value  in  illustrating  the  physical,  commercial  and. 
political   history   of   the  state. 

WILLIAMS,  Charles  Allyn.— Born  June  4th,  1877,  Iowa  City,  la. 
A.  B.  and  A.  M'.,  I'niversity  of  Iowa,  Fellow  In  Germanics,  Iowa, 
1901-02.;  at  Cornell,  1902-03;  Ottendorfer-Memorial  Fellow  (German- 
ics) New  York  University,  1903-04;  Universities  of  Leipzig  and 
Berlin.  19<)3-0'o.  Taught  in  Upper  Iowa  University,  1901-02.  In- 
structor in  German,  1903  to  date.  Phi  Beta  Kappa;  Modern  Lan- 
guage Association. 

WILLIAMS,  Henry  L.  Dr.  Henry  L.  Williams  came  to  the  Uni- 
versity in  the  fall  of  IPOO,  under  a  three  year  contract,  to  coach 
the  football  team;  the  renewal  of  his  contract  for  various  periods, 
since  that  time,  has  always  been  a  matter  of  course  and  at  the 
present  time  his  contract  has  two  years  yet  to  run.  Under  his 
coaching  Minnesota  has  not  only  turned  out  some  wonderful  scor- 
ing marhinos,  but  some  won^Ierful  teams,  considered  from  any  point 
of  view.  Sirice  his  coming  Minnesota  has  always  been  neai-  the 
head  of  the  list  of  western  teams,  when  not  actually  leading,  and 
has  never,  until  the  season  of  1907,  lost  more  than  one  game  any 
season.  Dr.  Williams  has  also  V>eon  connected  with  the  college  of 
medicine  and  surgery  since  1901,  holding'  various  titles,  as  follows: 
assistant  in  medicine,  1901-02;  clinical  instructor  in  diseases  of 
women,  1902  to  date.  He  ranks  as  a  full  professor  on  account  of 
his  rank  as  director  of  athletics. 

WILLIAMSON,  Aionzo  Potter— Born  April  28,  1854,  Philadel- 
phia. Scliolastic  training-, — Gregory  Classical  Institute,  Philadel- 
phia: M'.  D..  Hahnemann  Medical  College  &  Hospital  1S7C;  A.  M., 
Hamilton   College   1887    (Horn).;    LL.    B.,    University  3  894;    LL.    M., 


210  DICTIONARY   OF   THE 

same.  1902.  Lecturer  on  Insanity,  Hahnemann  Medical  College  & 
Hcspital,  Philadelphia,  from  1S87  to  1S90';  pi-ofessor  of  mental  and 
nervous  diseases  and  lecturer  on  skin  and  venereal  diseases,  1890- 
94;  Dean  and  professor  of  mental  and  nervous  diseases,  University 
colleg-e  of  homeopathic  medicine  and  surgery,  1S9-1-95;  also  medical 
jurisprudence,  1S9id-04;  Interne,  Ward's  (N.  G.)  Island  Homeopath- 
ic hospital  1876  to  1877;  1st  assistant  physician  M'iddletown  state 
hospital  for  insane,  M.iddletawn,  New  York,  1877-78;  Traveled  in 
Europe  examining  and  studying  hospitals  for  the  insane  in  Ger- 
many. France  and  England;  Two  semesters  University  of  Vienna 
1878-79;  Pathologist  Middletown  state  hospital,  Middletown,  New- 
York,  1879-80;  Chief  of  staff.  Ward's  Island  Homeopathic  Hospital 
3  880-83;  First  Assistant  physician  Middletown  State  Hospital,  Mid- 
dletown. N.  Y.  1883-90;  Superintendent  Fergus  Falls  State  Hospital, 
Fergus  Falls.  Minn.  1890-92;  General  practice  at  Minneapolis  1892 
to  1904;  Author  of  numerous  articles  read  before  national,  state, 
county  and  city  medical  societies;  also  a  number  of  contributions 
to  Medical  Journals.  Medical  superintendeat  Southern  California 
State  Hospital,  Patton,   California,  1904  to  present  time. 

WILLIS,  Hugh  Evander.  Born  February  27th,  1S75,  Stratton, 
Vt.,  A.  B..  Yankton,  1897;  A.  M.,  1839;  LL.B.,  University,  1901; 
LL.  M.,  1902.  Quiz  inaster,  University,  after  graduation;  assist- 
ant professor  in  law,  1906  to  date.  Author  of  various  articles  on 
legal  topics,  in  the  legal  magazines  of  the  country. 

WILLIS,  John  W.— Born  July  12th,  1S54,  St.  Paul.  B.  A.,  1877, 
and  M.  A.,  Dartmouth,  1886;  admitted  to  bar  1879;  district  judge, 
2nd  district,  1892-98.  Special  lecturer  on  ancient,  medieval  and 
modern  lawyers,  college  of  law,  190'7  to  date.  Globe  building,  92.3 
Summit  avenue.     St.  Paul. 

.WILLISTON,  N.  D. — The  alumni  living  in  this  city  have  an  or- 
ganization holding  its  annual  meeting  and  banquet  on  the  last 
Tuesday  in  Septtmbcr.  Clarence  Ellithorpe,  1896,  president;  A.  J. 
Stafne,  vice-president;  Alinda  M.  Hougan,  Law  190S,  secretary; 
George  A.   Gilmore,    Law,  1902,  treasurer. 

WILSON.  Archie  Dell. — Born  December  3d,  1875,  Hastings, 
Minn.  District  scliool;  iJniversity  school  of  agriculture;  B.  Ag., 
University,  1905.  Ten  years  practical  farming  experience;  fore- 
man of  the  University  farm  for  three  years,  1900-02;  instructor  in 
school  of  agriculture,  1902  to  date;  instructor  in  farm  management, 
college  of  agriculture,  1905  to  1907.  Assistant  in  agriculture,  1905- 
07.  Superintendent  of  Farmers'  Institutes,  1907  to  date.  Author  of 
Experiment  Station  bulletin,  95,  on  "SVecds.  1466  Raymond  avenue. 
St.  Anthony  Park. 

WILSON,  Horace  B.,  St.  Paul — Regent  cx-officio,  as  superintend- 
ent of  public  instruction,  from  August  1st,  1870  to  April  3d,  lS7o. 

WILSON,  Louis  B. — Senior  demonstrator  in  pathology,  1898-04; 
assistant  professor  of  bacteriology  1904-06;  assistant  professor  of 
clinical  pathologj-,  1906  to  date.  Pathologist  St.  Mary's  Hospital 
(The  Mayo's).  Rochester,  Minn.  Member  of  the  board  of  directors 
of  the  General  Alumni  Association. 

WILSON,  Thomas,  St.  Paul — Appointed  regent  Septtember  6th, 
1S9S,  reappointed  in  1903.  Term  expires  March  1909.  Born  May 
16t'h,  1827,  in  TjTone  county,  Ireland.  Came  to  United  States  in 
1W8.  Allegheny  College,  1852;  LL.D.,  same,  1861;  same  Macalester 
College,  1902;  admitted  to  bar,  Pennsylvania,  1885;  came  to  Winona. 
M'irm.,  1S5S;  moved  to  St.  Paul,  1892;  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention,    1857:    district    judge,    1857-64;     chief     justice     supreme 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  2H 

court,  1SG4-G9  (resigned);  Minnt'sota  House  of  Representatives, 
1880-83;  senate,  1883-85;  Congress,  1887-89;  general  counsel  C.  M. 
Sc  St.  P.  Ry.,  since  1892.     Hotel  Aberdeen,  St.  Paul. 

WILTGEN,  Edwarcf  W. — Instructor  in  military  science  and  tac- 
tics, 1.S99-19U0,  in  charge  of  the  department  for  a  time. 

WINCH  ELL,  Newton  Horace.— Born  December  17th,  1839,  North 
East,  N.  Y.  Became  connected  with  the  Michigan  geological  sur- 
vey in  1S60;  University  of  Michigan,  1SG6;  superintendent  of  Adrian, 
Mich.,  schools,  1SG6-69;  assistant  state  geologist,  Michigan,  1SG9-70; 
assistant  on  geological  survey  of  Ohio,  1870-72;  state  geologist  of 
Minnesota  1873-00;  instructor  in  geology  and  mineralogy,  1872-73; 
professor  same,  1873-90.  Member  of  the  United  States  Assay  Com- 
mission 1887;  Fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  tlie  Advance- 
ment of  Science,  and  vice-president,  1884;  president  of  the  geologic- 
al Society  of  America,  1902;  councillor  of  the  IVIinnesota  State  His- 
torical Society;  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution;  Slociety  de  Min. 
Frangaise;  New  Y'ork  Academy  of  Sciences;  founder  and  three 
times  president  of  the  Minnesota  Academy  of  Science;  Societe  Ge- 
ologiquft  de  Beige;  National  Geographical  Society;  American  An- 
thropologica:  Association;  Quivira  Historical  Society;  Lake  Supe- 
rior Mining  Institute;  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences;  Founded 
and  edited  theAmerican  Geologist,  1883-1905.  Author  of  catalog  of 
plants  of  the  state  of  Michigan;  Geological  reports  of  the  surveys 
of  Oliio  and  Minnesota;  the  Iron  Ores  of  Minnesota  (with  H.  V. 
Winchell') ;  and  many  papers  for  various  geological  and  other  mag- 
azines of  the  country.  At  present  engaged  upon  tlie  Archaeologj- 
of  Minnesota,  for  the  Minnesota  Historical  Society.  113  State 
street    soutl'.east. 

WINSLOW,  J.  M.,  St.  Anthony— Regent  1857-1860. 
WOMAN'S  LEAGUE,  The — An  organization  of  the  women 
of  the  University  which  was  formed  January  19,  1901.  The 
object  of  the  League  is  to  promote  the  general  social  interests 
of  the  young  wom.en  of  the  University  and  to  do  what  can  be  done 
for  mutual  helpfulness.  The  League  was  a  large  factor  in  secur- 
ing and   helping  to  fi^rnish  Alice   Shevlin  Hall. 

WOMAN'S  MAGAZINE  SOARD — This  is  an  organization  of 
young  women  who  take  charge  of  one  issue  each  year  of  the  Min- 
nesota Magazine.  Each  board  is  entirely  independent  of  other 
boards   chosen  for  the   same  purpose,   by  the  Woman's  League. 

WOOD,  George  W. — Professor  of  diseases  of  the  nervous  sys- 
tem and  medical  jurisprudence,   1S83-1887. 

WOODBRIDGE,  Frederick  J.  E.— Born  in  "Windsor,  Ontario,  the 
twenty-sixth  of  March,  1867.  The  family  removed  to  Kalamazoo, 
Michigan.  Gradi'ated  from  the  Kalamazoo  high  school,  entered 
Amherst,  and  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1889  with  the  degree 
of  A.  B.  Among  other  prominent  positions  which  he  held  while 
in  college,  were  Editor-in-Chief  of  Amherst  Olio  and  member  of 
the  senate.  The  three  years  imr.aediately  following  his  graduation 
were  spent  at  the  Union  Tlieological  Seminary  in  New  York  City. 
At  the  same  time  he  also  acted  as  lay-reader  at  the  Church  of 
the  Ascension,  of  which  Dr.  Donald,  who  succeeded  Phillips  Brooks 
at  Trinity  Church.  Boston,  was  then  rector.  In  the  summer  his 
duties  in  connection  witii  the  Fresh  Air  Fund  led  him  among  the 
tenement  houses.  The  next  two  years  he  spent  in  Germany  as  a 
fellow  of  the  Seminary,  making  a  specialty  of  the  history  of  philos- 
ophy, under  Zeller,  Paulsen,  Ebbinghaus,  Haniack  and  Pfleiderer. 
Called  to  the  department  of  philoscpliy  in  1894.  Head  of  the  de- 
partmenr  until  his  resignation  in  1-901  to  accept  a  similar  position 
m  Columbia  University.. 


212  DICTIONARY  OF   THE 

WRIGHT;  Charles  B. — Clinical  assistant  in  diseases  of  chil- 
dren.  1U07   to   date.     Andrus   building-. 

WRIGHT,  Franklin  R.— Born  June  15th,  1866,  Canton,  111. 
Graduate  in  dentistrj ,  University,  1S90;  M.  D.,  same,  1894;  lecturer 
on  anaestheyia  and  chief  of  tlie  anaesthetic  clinic,  1895  to  date. 
Instructor  in  dermatology  and  genito-urinary  diseases,  190'0  tO'  date. 
713  Pillsbury  building. 

WULLING,  Frederick  John.— Born  December  24th,  1&6'6,  Brook- 
lyn, N.  y.  educated  in  public  and  high  schools  of  Carlstaat,  N.  Y., 
1883;  business  college,  1884;  Columbia  University,  1884-88;  New 
York  College  of  Pharmacy,  graduate  1887;  Ph.  D.,  1893;  L.L,.  B., 
University,  1896:  LU.  M.,  same,  1S9S;  pursued  graduate  work  in 
Europe.  Assistant  and  quiz  luaster,  in  pharmacology,  New  Y''ork 
college  of  pharm.acy,  lSSG-90;  professor  in  organic  pharmaco-diag- 
nosis,  1891-92;  dean  of  the  college  of  pharmacy  and  professor  of 
pharmaceutical  chemistry,  since  1892.  Member  of  the  American 
Chemical  Society;  American  Pharmaceutical  Association;  Brook- 
lyn Institute  of  Arts  and  Letters;  Chemists  Club,  New  York;  fel- 
low of  Society  of  Science  (London);  Minneapolis  Society  of  Fine 
Arts;  Author  of  M'edical  and  Pharmaceutical  Chemistry;  Evolu- 
tion of  Botany;  contributor  to  various  technical  journals.  3306 
Second  avenue  south. 

WYMAN,  James  T.,  Minneapolis — Appointed  regent  February 
18th,  1901  for  a  term  which  expired  in  1902.  Held  office  under  the 
provision  of  "until  successor  shall  be  appointed"  until  March-  1907, 
when  a  special  act  of  the  legislature  fixed  his  term  as  expiring 
March  1908.  President  ol  board  from  date  of  death  of  Greenleaf 
Clark,  December,  1904.  Director  of  the  Northwestern  National 
Bank  and  member  of  the  firm  of  Smith  &  Wyman,  manufacturers 
of  sash  and  doors.     Term  expires  in  March,  1908. 

WYMAN  PRIZE,  THE' — An  annual  prize  of  fifty  dollars  is  of- 
fered by  the  Honorable  James  T.  Wyman,  of  Minneapolis,  through 
th"  department  of  political  science,  for  the  best  essay  of  three  to 
five  thousand  words  by  an  undergraduate  student  on  a  subject  to 
be  announced  by  the  donor  each  year.  Awarded,  in  1902,  to  H.  E. 
Peterson  for  an  essay  uii  the  "Small  producer  and  the  trust";  in 
1903,  to  Allen  R.  Brown,  for  an  essay  upon  "The  trade  union  as  a 
factor  in  production";  in  1904  to  E.  C.  Parker,  for  an  essay  upon 
"The  labor  question  in  farming  communities";  in  1906  no  award; 
in  1906.  was  not  awarded;  in  1907,  to  Donald  C.  Babcock,  for  an 
essay  upon  "The  influence  of  immigration  upon  the  development 
of  the   northwest." 

XI   PSI   PHI — iCental  fraternity.     Phi  chapter  established  in  1905. 

YALE,  William  H.,  Winona— Appointed  regent  August  9th,  1894 
and  served  until  he  became  member  of  the  state  senate  in  Janu- 
ary 1895.  Born  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  1831.  Received  a  com- 
mon school  education  and  engaged  in  business.  Came  to  Minne- 
sota in  1857.  and  practiced  law.  Elected  county  attorney  in  1860', 
and  to  the  state  senate  in  18G6.  Lieutenant  Governor  of  Minneso- 
ta. 1S69-7]. 

YATTAW,    William    H.— Janitor  188G-1S93. 

YEAGER,  Fred  S. — Instructor  in  crown  and  bridge  work,  1903 
to   date.     Germania  Life   building,    St.    Paul. 

YOUNG.  Alice--Instructor  in  English,  1895-1900.  Graduate  of 
the  University,  class  of  1896.  Now  dean  of  women  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Montana. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA.  213 

YOUNG,  George  B.— Lecturer  on  the  conflict  of  laws,  1S88  to 
date.  Formerly  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Minne- 
sota. 

YOUNG  MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION,  The— This  asso- 
ciation was  organized  February  lith,  1SS7.  It  is  aflSliated  with  the 
National  orgranization.  Its  oliject  is  the  promotion  of  "growth  in 
gr.-ice  and  Cliristian  feliowship  among  its  memlbers  and  aggressive 
Chrisiian  work  by  and  for  .students."  This  association  rents  the 
Students'  Christian  Association  building  and  has  it  always  open 
for  the  use  of  the  student  body.  To  further  the  ends  of  this  as- 
sociation it  maintains  a  general  secretarj'  who  devotes  his  whole 
time  to  the  work.  The  association's  activities  reach  out  and 
touch  student  life  in  almost  every  phase  of  University  life.  The 
boarding  house  bureau  helps  new  students  and  old  to  secure  com- 
fortable lodgings  and  assists  in  finding  roommates;  The  employment 
bureau  assists  those  students  v.ho  are  o)3liged  to  make  their  own 
way  through  colkge  to  fisid  work  to  help  pay  their  way;  Bible 
study  is  emphasized  and  hundreds  of  young  men  are  induced  to 
make  a  regular  and  systematic  study  of  the  Bible;  Sunday  after- 
noon services  are  held  during  the  college  year,  the  services  are 
popular  in  character  and  are  usually  addressed  by  prominent  men; 
Friday  noon  is  the  regular  weekly  prayer  meeting;  Mission  study 
classes  are  maintained;  during  the  Christmas  holidays  bands  of 
students  are  sent  out  to  do  evangelistic  work;  Numerous  socials 
are  held,  including  the  big  opening  reception  to  new  students  and 
th<-.  post-exam  jubilee;  An  educational  bureau  helps  students  with 
entrance  conditions  to  make  up  such  conditions  and  regular  class- 
es are  organized  for  this  purpose;  The  information  bureau  is  open 
and  busy  the  year  around  for  the  benefit  of  any  student  who  wants 
to  know.  Those  who  intend  to  attend  the  University  are  furnished 
any  information  desired  about  matters  connected  with  the  Univer- 
sity. The  association,  in  cooperation  with  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  issues 
each  y^ar  a  hand  l50ok  containing  useful  information  for  students. 
John   F.    Sinclair,    '96,    is   the   general   secrctaiy. 

YOUNG  WOMEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION,  The— This  as- 
sociation was  organized  in  1891.  It  is  affiliated  with  the  National 
organization.  The  purpose  of  this  association  is  to  bring  together 
and  to  make  effective  the  combined  religious  activities  of  all  young 
women  of  the  University,  "to  deepen  spiritual  thought  in  the  Uni- 
versity woman,  to  environ  her  witli  .a  semblance  of  home,  to  bring 
to  her  friendship,  assistance  and  sociability  by  stimulating  fellow- 
ship, to  give  her  personal  help  when  necessary;  thus  developing  in 
her  the  Christ  ideal  of  culture  in  womanhood."  To  this  end  the 
association  has  beautifully  furnished  rooms  in  Alice  Shevlin  Hall, 
and  provides  two  general  secretaries,  one  to  specialize  in  Bible 
and  mission  study  work  and  the  other,  an  assistant,  to  direct  the 
office  and  committee  work  of  the  association.  The  general  secre- 
tary for  the  year  1907-08,  is  Margaret  Burton  and  the  assistant  is 
Katharine  names.  The  association  works  in  various  ways,  giv- 
ing frequent  socials,  informal  teiis.  Prayer  meetings  are  held 
twice  each  week,  a  dozen  circles  meet  each  week  for  Bible  study, 
a.nd  frequent  missionary  meetings  are  held.  The  general  secretary 
also  docs  what  she  can  to  help  new  students  get  settled  and  is  al- 
way.r  ready  to  answer  the  questions,  by  letter  or  in  person,  of  young 
women  who  expect  to  to  come  to  the  Universit.v.  This  associa- 
tion, in  cooperation  with  the  Y.  M'.  C.  A.  publishes  annually  a 
hand  book  of  useful  information  for  students.  This  association 
started  the  movement  which  finally  resulted  in  securing  Alice 
Shevlin  Hal',  for  the  young  ^\•Olnen  of  the  University. 


214  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 

2ELENY,  Anthony.— Boni  April  20tli,  1S70,  Racine,  Wis.  Hut- 
chinson higrli  scliool,  18S7;  B.  S.,  University,  1892;  M.  S.,  1893;  Ph. 
D.,  1907.  Graduate  work  at  Chicago,  one  summer  semester,  1900. 
Taught  in  country  schools,  1887-88;  high  scliool,  1893-95;  scholar 
in  physics.  University,  1895-97;  instructor  in  physics,  1897-06;  as- 
sistant professor  of  physics,  since  1906.  Author  of  modifications 
of  the  M'arxwell-Rayleig-li  and  the  Anderson  methods  for  the  mea- 
surement of  the  co-efficient  of  self-induction;  On  precision  mea- 
surements with  the  moving  coil  ballistic  galvanometer;  The  tem- 
perature of  solid  carbonic  acid  and  its  mixtures  with  ether  and 
alcohol  at  different  pressures;  The  capacity  of  mica  condensers; 
United  States  and  Canadian  patents,  1902,  galvonometer;  Multi- 
plex electric  thermiometer;  1903,  Electric  thermometer;  Text 
book,  A  Manual  of  Physical  Measurements,  (With  H.  A.  Erikson). 
Member  of  the  American  Physical  Society;  fellow  American  Asso- 
ciation Advancement  of  Science,  Minnesota  Educational  Associa- 
tion; Sigma  XI;  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Engineering  Educa- 
tion.    321    Church    street   southeast. 

ZELENY,  John.—Born  March  26th,  1872,  Racine,  Wis.  Hutch- 
inson high  school;  B.  S.,  University,  1893;  Pb.  D.,  same,  1906. 
Berlin  University,  spring  semester,  1897;  Cambridge  University, 
England,  1897-98;  1898-99;  B.  A.  (in  research,  1899).  Teacher  of 
physics  and  chemistry,  central  high  school,  Minneapolis,  1892;  in- 
structor in  physics,  1892-1896;  assistant  professor  of  physics,  1896- 
1900;  associate  professor  of  physics,  ]9'00  to  date.  Author  of  va- 
rious researches  upon  physical  subjects,  including.  Air  electrifica- 
tioji  by  the  discharging  action  of  ultra-violet  light;  The  ratio  of 
the  velocity  of  the  ions;  preduced  in  gases  by  Roentgen  rays,  and. 
som.e  related  phenomena.;  Convection  currents  and  the  fall  of  po- 
tential at  the  electroder?  in  conduction  produced  by  Roentgen 
rays;  The  velocity  of  ions  produced  in  gases  by  Roentgen  rays; 
The  influence  of  temperature  upon  the  photo-electric  effect;  Elec- 
trifications produced  by  gases  that  have  been  exposed  to  Roentgen 
rays;  The  vapor  pressure  of  solid  and  liquid  carbonic  acid  at  low 
temperatures:  The  temperature  of  solid  carbonic  acid  and  its  mix- 
tures with  ether  and  alcohol  at  different  pressures;  The  discharge 
of  electricity  from  pointed  conductors  of  different  sizes.  Phi  Beta 
Kappa;  Sigma  Xi;  Fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science;  American  Physical  Society  Associate  of 
Cambridge    Philosophical    Society.     810    Sixth    street    southeast. 

2ETA  PSI — Alpha  Beta  chapter  established  in  1899.  Founded 
at  New  York  University  in  1847.     200  Harvard  street  southeast. 

ZIMMERMAN,  James. — Instructor  in  chemistry,  1907  to  date. 
1201  Fifth  street  southeast. 

ZOOLOGY  MUSEUM,  -All  the  material  collected  by  the  state 
zoologist;  a  collection  of  mounted  Minnesota  birds  representing 
about  one-tiiird  of  the  species  found  in  the  State;  a  number  of 
the  mammals  of  the  State  and  a  few  from  the  more  western 
states;  a  collection  of  fishes,  molluscan  shells,  corals  and  other 
foreign  material. 

The  ornithological  room  contains  the  excellent  Thomas  .S.  Rob- 
erts and  Fr.anklin  Benncr  collection  of  skins,  nests  and  eggs  of 
Minnesota  birds.  Other  groups  of  animals  are  more  or  less  nu- 
merously repres':^nted.  and  are  receiving  annual  additions  from  the 
Zoological    Survey. 

ZOOLOGICAL  JOURNAL  CLUB,  The — An  organization  of  In- 
structor.s  and  advanced  students  of  the  department  of  animal  bi- 
ology, who  meet  for  the  discussion  of  current  zoological  literature. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


215 


ZOOLOGICAL  READING  CLUB,  The— This  club  meets  even- 
ings at  the  homos  of  the  professors  of  the  department  of  animal 
biology  and  is  for  instructors  and  graduate  students.  Its  purpose 
is  the  reading  and  discussion  of  philosophical  works  on  zoolo^j'. 


Ferris  Sr   Grady 

College  Man's  Headquarters 
321    14th.    Jivenue    Southeast 

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LmA 


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I" 


I 


H.  i^ 


e  es.  W.  F.  Decker,  Vice-Pres. 

J.  E.  Ware.  Cashier. 


•At  Yo        S 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


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Safety  Deposit  Boxes  for  Rent 


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DIRECTORS 

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A.  M.  Hunter 
William  Miller 
Hiram  A.  Scriver 


W.  P.  Washburn 
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Joseph  E.  Ware 


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